Carune: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox|name=Carune | {{Infobox|name=Carune | ||
|pronounce=/karune | |pronounce=/karune/ | ||
|tu= | |tu=none | ||
|species=Human | |species=Human | ||
|in=Carune | |in=Carune | ||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
|script=Latin | |script=Latin | ||
|tree=Indo-European<br> | |tree=Indo-European<br> | ||
Italic<br> | |||
Romance<br> | |||
Italo-Western<br> | |||
Italo-Dalmation<br> | |||
'''Carune''' | |||
|morph=inflecting, fusional | |||
|ms=Accusative-Dative | |||
|wo=SVO | |||
|creator=Sectori | |||
|date=December 2005}} | |||
Carune was my first, pitiful attempt at a romlang. It has since seen two major revisions. This page reflects the most recent version of Carune starting at the top and moving down as I revise it. | |||
==Phonology== | |||
Carune has seven vowel phonemes and eighteen consonant phonemes. | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
<div style="text-align: center;"> | |||
{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;" | |||
!colspan=11 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Vowels | |||
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em" | |||
| ||colspan=2| Front ||colspan=2| Near-front ||colspan=2| Central ||colspan=2| Near-back ||colspan=2| Back | |||
|- | |||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| High || i || || || || || || || || || u | |||
|- | |||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Near-high || || || || || || || || || || | |||
|- | |||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| High-mid || || || e || || || || || || || o | |||
|- | |||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Mid || || || || || | |||
|- | |||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Low-mid || || || e || || || || || || || o | |||
|- | |||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Near-low || || || | |||
|- | |||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Low || || || || || a | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
===Consonants=== | |||
<div style="text-align: center;"> | |||
{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;" | |||
!colspan=17 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Consonants | |||
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em" | |||
| ||colspan=2| Bilabial ||colspan=2| Labiod. ||colspan=2| Dental ||colspan=2| Alveolar ||colspan=2| Post-alv. ||colspan=2| Palatal ||colspan=2| Velar ||colspan=2| Glottal | |||
|- | |||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Nasal || || m || || || || || || n || || || || gn || || | |||
|- | |||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Plosive || p || b || || || || || t || d || || || || || c(h) || g(h) | |||
|- | |||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Fricative || || || f || v || || || s || || || || || || || || | |||
|- | |||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Affricate || || || || || z || || || || || || c(i) || g(i) | |||
|- | |||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Trill || || || || || || || || r | |||
|- | |||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Lateral Approximant || || || || || || || || l || || || || gl | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
===Notes=== | |||
<e> is realized as [{{IPA|e}}] when it descends from Latin <tt>OE Ē I</tt> and as [{{IPA|ɛ}}] when it descends from Latin <tt>AE E</tt>. Stressed <e> is [{{IPA|ɛ}}]. <o> is realized as [{{IPA|o}}] when it descends from Latin <tt>AU Ō U</tt> and as [{{IPA|ɔ}}] when it descends from Latin <tt>O</tt>. Stressed <o> is [{{IPA|ɔ}}]. | |||
<c> is realized as [k] before <a o u>, and as [tʃ] before <nowiki><i e></nowiki>. <g> is realized as [g] before <a o u>, and as [dʒ] before <nowiki><i e></nowiki>. <ch> is always [k], and <gh> is always [g]. <ci gi> before <a o u> are realized as affricates without pronouncing <nowiki><i></nowiki>. Multiple vowels are usually realized as diphthongs. | |||
===Stress=== | |||
Stress in Carune may be unmarked or marked. Marked stress is shown by a grave accent, e.g. '''parlarì''' [parlaˈri]. Unmarked stress falls as follows: | |||
* If the word ends in a vowel or '''n''', stress falls on the penultimate syllable, e.g. '''parlare''' [parˈlare]. | |||
* Otherwise, stress falls on the ultimate syllable. | |||
===Allophony=== | |||
There are three main allophonic variations that occur in spoken Carune: | |||
* word-final /a/ is realized as [{{IPA|ǝ}}] in polysyllabic words where it is unstressed, e.g. '''vita''' "life" /ˈvita/ realized as [ˈvitǝ] | |||
* intervocalic /s/ is often realized as [z], e.g. '''usare''' "use" /uˈsar{{IPA|ɛ}}/ realized as [uˈzar{{IPA|ɛ}}] | |||
* intervocalic /ts/ is generally realized as [dz], e.g. '''sezi''' "sixteen" /s{{IPA|ɛ}}tsi/ realized as [s{{IPA|ɛ}}dzi] | |||
It should also be noted that word-final -'''e''' often elides when unstressed, especially before a vowel. | |||
[[Category:Romance conlangs]] | |||
Latest revision as of 15:04, 23 June 2009
| Carune | |
|---|---|
| Pronounced: | /karune/ |
| Timeline and Universe: | none |
| Species: | Human |
| Spoken: | Carune |
| Total speakers: | 23 million |
| Writing system: | Latin |
| Genealogy: | Indo-European Italic |
| Typology | |
| Morphological type: | inflecting, fusional |
| Morphosyntactic alignment: | Accusative-Dative |
| Basic word order: | SVO |
| Credits | |
| Creator: | Sectori |
| Created: | December 2005 |
Carune was my first, pitiful attempt at a romlang. It has since seen two major revisions. This page reflects the most recent version of Carune starting at the top and moving down as I revise it.
Phonology
Carune has seven vowel phonemes and eighteen consonant phonemes.
Vowels
| Vowels | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | ||||||
| High | i | u | ||||||||
| Near-high | ||||||||||
| High-mid | e | o | ||||||||
| Mid | ||||||||||
| Low-mid | e | o | ||||||||
| Near-low | ||||||||||
| Low | a | |||||||||
Consonants
| Consonants | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabial | Labiod. | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alv. | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | gn | |||||||||||||
| Plosive | p | b | t | d | c(h) | g(h) | ||||||||||
| Fricative | f | v | s | |||||||||||||
| Affricate | z | c(i) | g(i) | |||||||||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||||||||||
| Lateral Approximant | l | gl | ||||||||||||||
Notes
<e> is realized as [e] when it descends from Latin OE Ē I and as [ɛ] when it descends from Latin AE E. Stressed <e> is [ɛ]. <o> is realized as [o] when it descends from Latin AU Ō U and as [ɔ] when it descends from Latin O. Stressed <o> is [ɔ].
<c> is realized as [k] before <a o u>, and as [tʃ] before <i e>. <g> is realized as [g] before <a o u>, and as [dʒ] before <i e>. <ch> is always [k], and <gh> is always [g]. <ci gi> before <a o u> are realized as affricates without pronouncing <i>. Multiple vowels are usually realized as diphthongs.
Stress
Stress in Carune may be unmarked or marked. Marked stress is shown by a grave accent, e.g. parlarì [parlaˈri]. Unmarked stress falls as follows:
- If the word ends in a vowel or n, stress falls on the penultimate syllable, e.g. parlare [parˈlare].
- Otherwise, stress falls on the ultimate syllable.
Allophony
There are three main allophonic variations that occur in spoken Carune:
- word-final /a/ is realized as [ǝ] in polysyllabic words where it is unstressed, e.g. vita "life" /ˈvita/ realized as [ˈvitǝ]
- intervocalic /s/ is often realized as [z], e.g. usare "use" /uˈsarɛ/ realized as [uˈzarɛ]
- intervocalic /ts/ is generally realized as [dz], e.g. sezi "sixteen" /sɛtsi/ realized as [sɛdzi]
It should also be noted that word-final -e often elides when unstressed, especially before a vowel.
