Latinization of Sohlob: Difference between revisions
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Letter values in [[Sohlob]] Latinization are like IPA, except for the following: | |||
''' | '''p, t, c, k''' are aspirated. | ||
''' | Voiced stops and fricatives are devoiced word-finally before a voiceless sound and utterance-finally. | ||
'''f''' is {{IPA|[v]}} word-internally between voiced sounds. | |||
'''c''' is {{IPA|[tɕʰ]}}. Alternative transcriptions are <tt>tj</tt> and '''ch'''. | |||
'''j''' is {{IPA|[dʑ] or [ʑ]}}. Alternative transcriptions are <tt>dj</tt> and <tt>zj</tt>. The {{IPA|[ʑ]}} <tt>zj</tt> variant occurs mainly before '''d'''. A ''j'' not preceded by any of the letters <tt>d, s, t,</tt> or <tt>z</tt> can only be {{IPA|/dʑ/}}, since in the ASCII transcription ''j'' is not used outside these digraphs. | |||
'''ç''' is {{IPA|[ɕ]}}. Alternative transcriptions are <tt>sj</tt> and '''sh'''. | |||
'''y''' is {{IPA|[j]}}, except in Linjeb where it is actually the vowel {{IPA|[y]}}! | '''y''' is {{IPA|[j]}}, except in Linjeb where it is actually the vowel {{IPA|[y]}}! | ||
'''æ''' is (surprise ☺) {{IPA|[æ]}}. It may be written | '''æ''' is (surprise ☺) {{IPA|[æ]}}. It may be written <tt>ae</tt> without confusion, since the rules of Sohlob vowel harmony don't allow '''a '''and''' e''' together in the same word. | ||
'''e''' is {{IPA|[ɨ]}} in Classical Sohlob and Heleb. In Kidilib and Linjeb it is {{IPA|[ɛ]}}. | '''e''' is {{IPA|[ɨ]}} in Classical Sohlob and Heleb. In Kidilib and Linjeb it is {{IPA|[ɛ]}}. | ||
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'''hl''' is {{IPA|[ɬ]}}. | '''hl''' is {{IPA|[ɬ]}}. | ||
'''hr''' (Kidilib) is {{IPA|[r̥]}} (voiceless trill). | '''hr''' ([[Kidilib]]) is {{IPA|[r̥]}} (voiceless trill). | ||
'''çr''' (Classical Sohlob) is {{IPA|[ʂ]}}. | '''çr''' ([[Classical Sohlob]]) is {{IPA|[ʂ]}}. | ||
'''hy''' (Kidilib) is {{IPA|[ç]}}. | '''hy''' (Kidilib) is {{IPA|[ç]}}. | ||
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Some may wonder that I don't use the letter '''ñ''' for '''ny''' {{IPA|[ɲ]}}. | Some may wonder that I don't use the letter '''ñ''' for '''ny''' {{IPA|[ɲ]}}. | ||
Alternately some people familiar with [[Wikipedia:J. R. R. Tolkien|Tolkien's]] use of '''ñ''' for {{IPA|[ŋ]}} may wonder why I don't adopt that usage. The answer is, as you may already have guessed, exactly the fact that I've encountered conflicting usages of '''ñ''', and so they make me confused, and I decided to use neither. In fact I | Alternately some people familiar with [[Wikipedia:J. R. R. Tolkien|Tolkien's]] use of '''ñ''' for {{IPA|[ŋ]}} may wonder why I don't adopt that usage. The answer is, as you may already have guessed, exactly the fact that I've encountered conflicting usages of '''ñ''', and so they make me confused, and I decided to use neither. In fact I used to use '''ñ''' for [[Kijeb]] ''{{IPA|ŋ}}'' in my private vocabulary database, since it didn't accomodate Unicode! | ||
== Heleb peculiarities == | == Heleb peculiarities == | ||
The Heleb dialect has a distinct pair of front rounded vowels ''ü'' and ''ö'' pronounced {{IPA|[y]}} and {{IPA|[œ]}}. The Heleb | The [[Heleb]] dialect has a distinct pair of front rounded vowels ''ü'' and ''ö'' pronounced {{IPA|[y]}} and {{IPA|[œ]}}. The Heleb Latinization uses '''ä''' for {{IPA|[æ]}}. | ||
but this is only a difference in transcription. | but this is only a difference in transcription. | ||
Heleb has distinctive vowel length. Long vowels are transcribed with doubled vowel letters. | Heleb has distinctive vowel length. Long vowels are transcribed with doubled vowel letters. | ||
'''e'''and '''a''' are fully back unrounded vowels {{IPA|[ɯ]}} and {{IPA|[ɑ]}} in Heleb. | '''e''' and '''a''' are fully back unrounded vowels {{IPA|[ɯ]}} and {{IPA|[ɑ]}} in Heleb. | ||
'''ll''' indicates a velar(ized) {{IPA|/ɫ/}} or {{IPA|/ʟ/}} distinct from palatal '''l''' {{IPA|/ʎ/}}. This arose when front-back vowel harmony caused some formerly back vowels to become front and ''vice versa'', since formerly ''*l'' had had a palatal allophone before front vowels and a velar allophone before back vowels; this difference became phonemic as the liquid retained its old quality when the following vowel changed its front/back value. There was a similar allophony in ''*r'', but the palatal allophone merged with '''y'''. The remaining Heleb 'rhotic' '''r''' was probably realized as a retroflex fricative {{IPA|[ʐ]}} or {{IPA|[ɻ]}}. | '''ll''' indicates a velar(ized) {{IPA|/ɫ/}} or {{IPA|/ʟ/}} distinct from palatal '''l''' {{IPA|/ʎ/}}. This arose when front-back vowel harmony caused some formerly back vowels to become front and ''vice versa'', since formerly ''*l'' had had a palatal allophone before front vowels and a velar allophone before back vowels; this difference became phonemic as the liquid retained its old quality when the following vowel changed its front/back value. There was a similar allophony in ''*r'', but the palatal allophone merged with '''y'''. The remaining Heleb 'rhotic' '''r''' was probably realized as a retroflex fricative {{IPA|[ʐ]}} or {{IPA|[ɻ]}}. |
Latest revision as of 10:29, 8 January 2010
Letter values in Sohlob Latinization are like IPA, except for the following:
p, t, c, k are aspirated.
Voiced stops and fricatives are devoiced word-finally before a voiceless sound and utterance-finally.
f is [v] word-internally between voiced sounds.
c is [tɕʰ]. Alternative transcriptions are tj and ch.
j is [dʑ] or [ʑ]. Alternative transcriptions are dj and zj. The [ʑ] zj variant occurs mainly before d. A j not preceded by any of the letters d, s, t, or z can only be /dʑ/, since in the ASCII transcription j is not used outside these digraphs.
ç is [ɕ]. Alternative transcriptions are sj and sh.
y is [j], except in Linjeb where it is actually the vowel [y]!
æ is (surprise ☺) [æ]. It may be written ae without confusion, since the rules of Sohlob vowel harmony don't allow a and e together in the same word.
e is [ɨ] in Classical Sohlob and Heleb. In Kidilib and Linjeb it is [ɛ].
o is [ɒ] in Classical Sohlob, Heleb and. Kidilib. In Linjeb it is [ɔ].
ny is [ɲ], except in Linjeb.
ng is [ŋ], except in ngr, which is actually [ŋɡr] and ngl, which is actually [ŋɡl].
hl is [ɬ].
hr (Kidilib) is [r̥] (voiceless trill).
çr (Classical Sohlob) is [ʂ].
hy (Kidilib) is [ç].
In Kidilib t, d, s before i, e are pronounced as c, j, ç, i.e. dentals and palatals merge before front vowels, and are pronounced as palatals but spelled as dentals in this position!
The letter ñ
Some may wonder that I don't use the letter ñ for ny [ɲ]. Alternately some people familiar with Tolkien's use of ñ for [ŋ] may wonder why I don't adopt that usage. The answer is, as you may already have guessed, exactly the fact that I've encountered conflicting usages of ñ, and so they make me confused, and I decided to use neither. In fact I used to use ñ for Kijeb ŋ in my private vocabulary database, since it didn't accomodate Unicode!
Heleb peculiarities
The Heleb dialect has a distinct pair of front rounded vowels ü and ö pronounced [y] and [œ]. The Heleb Latinization uses ä for [æ]. but this is only a difference in transcription.
Heleb has distinctive vowel length. Long vowels are transcribed with doubled vowel letters.
e and a are fully back unrounded vowels [ɯ] and [ɑ] in Heleb.
ll indicates a velar(ized) /ɫ/ or /ʟ/ distinct from palatal l /ʎ/. This arose when front-back vowel harmony caused some formerly back vowels to become front and vice versa, since formerly *l had had a palatal allophone before front vowels and a velar allophone before back vowels; this difference became phonemic as the liquid retained its old quality when the following vowel changed its front/back value. There was a similar allophony in *r, but the palatal allophone merged with y. The remaining Heleb 'rhotic' r was probably realized as a retroflex fricative [ʐ] or [ɻ].
In the native script ll was written (from right to left) as rr, l as ir and r as r, if they were distinguished at all.