User:Ahzoh: Difference between revisions
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! style="width: 12em;" | Function | ! style="width: 12em;" | Function | ||
! style="width: 8em;" | Example | ! style="width: 8em;" | Example | ||
! style="width: 15em;" | Notes | |||
|- | |- | ||
| — | | — | ||
| Line 358: | Line 359: | ||
| <small>ACTIVE</small> | | <small>ACTIVE</small> | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| — | |||
| ''-ā-'' | |||
| <small>PLURACTIONAL</small> | |||
| | |||
| Rare, sound and III-weak verbs only | |||
|- | |- | ||
| — | | — | ||
| Reduplication | | Reduplication | ||
| <small>PLURACTIONAL</small> | | <small>PLURACTIONAL, FACTITIVE</small> | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="3" | ''sa-'' | | rowspan="3" | ''sa-'' | ||
| Line 368: | Line 377: | ||
| <small>CAUSATIVE</small> | | <small>CAUSATIVE</small> | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ''-ā-'' | | ''-ā-'' | ||
| <small> | | rowspan="2" | <small>CAUSATIVE PLURACTIONAL</small> | ||
| | | | ||
| Rare, sound and III-weak verbs only | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Reduplication | | Reduplication | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="3" | ''ma-'' | | rowspan="3" | ''ma-'' | ||
| Line 381: | Line 392: | ||
| <small>APPLICATIVE</small> | | <small>APPLICATIVE</small> | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ''-ā-'' | | ''-ā-'' | ||
| <small> | | rowspan="2" | <small>APPLICATIVE PLURACTIONAL</small> | ||
| | | | ||
| Rare, sound and III-weak verbs only | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Reduplication | | Reduplication | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 1,913: | Line 1,926: | ||
====Verbs==== | ====Verbs==== | ||
{| | |||
| | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | ||
|+ Base | |+ Base | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! colspan="2" | Weakness | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 6em;" | Realis | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 6em;" | Irrealis | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 6em;" | Imperative | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Strong | ! colspan="2" |Strong | ||
| '' | | ''PaRv́Ḫ-'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-PRv́Ḫ-'' | ||
| ''PaRḪ-á-'' | | ''PaRḪ-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Initial Weak | ! rowspan="4" style="width: 6em;" | Initial Weak | ||
| '' | ! style="width: 3em;" | I-w | ||
| ''- | | ''WaRv́Ḫ-'' | ||
| '' | | ''-ūRv́Ḫ-'' | ||
| ''WaRḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! I-y | |||
| ''YaRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-īRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''YaRḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! I-a | |||
| ''ˀaRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-āRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''ˀaRḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! I-e | |||
| ''ˀeRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-ēRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''ˀeRḪ-é-'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" | Middle Weak | |||
! II-w | |||
| ''Pū́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-Pū́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''PūḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! II-y | |||
| ''Pī́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-Pī́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''PīḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! II-a | ||
| ''Pā́Ḫ-'' | | ''Pā́Ḫ-'' | ||
| ''-Pā́Ḫ-'' | | ''-Pā́Ḫ-'' | ||
| ''PāḪ-á-'' | | ''PāḪ-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Final Weak | ! II-e | ||
| ''PḗḪ-'' | |||
| ''-PḗḪ-'' | |||
| ''PēḪ-é-'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" | Final Weak | |||
! III-w | |||
| ''PaRū́-'' | |||
| ''-PRū́-'' | |||
| ''PāR-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! III-y | |||
| ''PaRī́-'' | |||
| ''-PRī́-'' | |||
| ''PāR-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! III-a | |||
| ''PaRā́-'' | | ''PaRā́-'' | ||
| ''-PRā́-'' | | ''-PRā́-'' | ||
| ''PāR-á-'' | | ''PāR-á-'' | ||
|- | |||
! III-e | |||
| ''PeRḗ-'' | |||
| ''-PRḗ-'' | |||
| ''PēR-é-'' | |||
|} | |} | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | ||
|+ Gemination | |+ Gemination | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width: | ! colspan="2" | Weakness | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 6em;" | Realis | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 6em;" | Irrealis | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 6em;" | Imperative | ||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Strong | |||
| ''PaRRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-PaRRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''PaRRvḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" style="width: 6em;" | Initial Weak | |||
! style="width: 3em;" | I-w | |||
| ''WaRRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-uRRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''WaRRvḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! I-y | |||
| ''YaRRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-iRRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''YaRRvḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! I-a | |||
| ''ˀaRRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-aRRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''ˀaRRvḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! I-e | |||
| ''ˀeRRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-eRRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''ˀeRRvḪ-é-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! rowspan="4" | Middle Weak | ||
| '' | ! II-w | ||
| ''- | | ''PấḪ-'' | ||
| '' | | ''-PấḪ-'' | ||
| ''PuḪḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! II-y | ||
| '' | | ''PấḪ-'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-PấḪ-'' | ||
| '' | | ''PiḪḪ-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! II-a | ||
| ''PấḪ-'' | | ''PấḪ-'' | ||
| ''-PấḪ-'' | | ''-PấḪ-'' | ||
| ''PaḪḪ-á-'' | | ''PaḪḪ-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Final Weak | ! II-e | ||
| ''PếḪ-'' | |||
| ''-PếḪ-'' | |||
| ''PeḪḪ-é-'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" | Final Weak | |||
! III-w | |||
| ''PaRRū́-'' | |||
| ''-PaRRū́-'' | |||
| ''PaRR-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! III-y | |||
| ''PaRRī́-'' | |||
| ''-PaRRī́-'' | |||
| ''PaRR-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! III-a | |||
| ''PaRRā́-'' | | ''PaRRā́-'' | ||
| ''-PaRRā́-'' | | ''-PaRRā́-'' | ||
| ''PaRR-á-'' | | ''PaRR-á-'' | ||
|- | |||
! III-e | |||
| ''PeRRḗ-'' | |||
| ''-PeRRḗ-'' | |||
| ''PeRR-é-'' | |||
|} | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
{| | |||
| | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | ||
|+ ''sa-'' Prefix | |+ ''sa-'' Prefix | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! colspan="2" | Weakness | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 6em;" | Realis | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 6em;" | Irrealis | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 6em;" | Imperative | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Strong | ! colspan="2" |Strong | ||
| ''saPRáḪ-'' | | ''saPRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''-saPRáḪ-'' | | ''-saPRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''saPRaḪ-á-'' | | ''saPRaḪ-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Initial Weak | ! rowspan="4" style="width: 6em;" | Initial Weak | ||
! style="width: 3em;" | I-w | |||
| ''sūRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''-sūRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''sūRaḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! I-y | |||
| ''sīRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''-sīRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''sīRaḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! I-a | |||
| ''sāRáḪ-'' | | ''sāRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''-sāRáḪ-'' | | ''-sāRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''sāRaḪ-á-'' | | ''sāRaḪ-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Middle Weak | ! I-e | ||
| ''sēRéḪ-'' | |||
| ''-sēRéḪ-'' | |||
| ''sēReḪ-é-'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" | Middle Weak | |||
! II-w | |||
| ''saPū́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-sPū́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''saPūḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! II-y | |||
| ''saPī́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-sPī́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''saPīḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! II-a | |||
| ''saPā́Ḫ-'' | | ''saPā́Ḫ-'' | ||
| ''-sPā́Ḫ-'' | | ''-sPā́Ḫ-'' | ||
| ''saPāḪ-á-'' | | ''saPāḪ-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Final Weak | ! II-e | ||
| '' | | ''sePḗḪ-'' | ||
| ''-sPḗḪ-'' | |||
| ''sePēḪ-é-'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" | Final Weak | |||
! III-w | |||
| ''saPRū́-'' | |||
| ''-saPRū́-'' | |||
| ''saPR-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! III-y | |||
| ''saPRī́-'' | |||
| ''-saPRī́-'' | |||
| ''saPR-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! III-a | |||
| ''saPaRā́-'' | |||
| ''-saPRā́-'' | | ''-saPRā́-'' | ||
| ''saPR-á-'' | | ''saPR-á-'' | ||
|- | |||
! III-e | |||
| ''sePRḗ-'' | |||
| ''-sePRḗ-'' | |||
| ''sePR-é-'' | |||
|} | |} | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | ||
|+ ''sa-'' Prefix + Gemination | |+ ''sa-'' Prefix + Gemination | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! colspan="2" | Weakness | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 6em;" | Realis | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 6em;" | Irrealis | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 6em;" | Imperative | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Strong | ! colspan="2" |Strong | ||
| ''saPaRRáḪ-'' | | ''saPaRRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''-sPaRRáḪ-'' | | ''-sPaRRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''saPaRRaḪ-á-'' | | ''saPaRRaḪ-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Initial Weak | ! rowspan="4" style="width: 6em;" | Initial Weak | ||
! style="width: 3em;" | I-w | |||
| ''suRRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''-suRRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''suRRaḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! I-y | |||
| ''siRRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''-siRRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''siRRaḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! I-a | |||
| ''saRRáḪ-'' | | ''saRRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''-saRRáḪ-'' | | ''-saRRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''saRRaḪ-á-'' | | ''saRRaḪ-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Middle Weak | ! I-e | ||
| ''seRRéḪ-'' | |||
| ''-seRRéḪ-'' | |||
| ''seRReḪ-é-'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" | Middle Weak | |||
! II-w | |||
| ''saPấḪ-'' | |||
| ''-sPấḪ-'' | |||
| ''saPuḪḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! II-y | |||
| ''saPấḪ-'' | |||
| ''-sPấḪ-'' | |||
| ''saPiḪḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! II-a | |||
| ''saPấḪ-'' | | ''saPấḪ-'' | ||
| ''-sPấḪ-'' | | ''-sPấḪ-'' | ||
| ''saPaḪḪ-á-'' | | ''saPaḪḪ-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Final Weak | ! II-e | ||
| ''sePếḪ-'' | |||
| ''-sPếḪ-'' | |||
| ''sePeḪḪ-é-'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" | Final Weak | |||
! III-w | |||
| ''saPaRRū́-'' | |||
| ''-sPaRRū́-'' | |||
| ''saPaRR-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! III-y | |||
| ''saPaRRī́-'' | |||
| ''-sPaRRī́-'' | |||
| ''saPaRR-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! III-a | |||
| ''saPaRRā́-'' | | ''saPaRRā́-'' | ||
| ''-sPaRRā́-'' | | ''-sPaRRā́-'' | ||
| ''saPaRR-á-'' | | ''saPaRR-á-'' | ||
|- | |||
! III-e | |||
| ''sePeRRḗ-'' | |||
| ''-sPeRRḗ-'' | |||
| ''sePeRR-é-'' | |||
|} | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
{| | |||
| | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | ||
|+ ''ma-'' Prefix | |+ ''ma-'' Prefix | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! colspan="2" | Weakness | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 6em;" | Realis | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 6em;" | Irrealis | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 6em;" | Imperative | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Strong | ! colspan="2" |Strong | ||
| ''maPRáḪ-'' | | ''maPRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''-maPRáḪ-'' | | ''-maPRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''maPRaḪ-á-'' | | ''maPRaḪ-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Initial Weak | ! rowspan="4" style="width: 6em;" | Initial Weak | ||
! style="width: 3em;" | I-w | |||
| ''mūRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''-mūRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''mūRaḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! I-y | |||
| ''mīRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''-mīRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''mīRaḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! I-a | |||
| ''māRáḪ-'' | | ''māRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''-māRáḪ-'' | | ''-māRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''māRaḪ-á-'' | | ''māRaḪ-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Middle Weak | ! I-e | ||
| ''mēRéḪ-'' | |||
| ''-mēRéḪ-'' | |||
| ''mēReḪ-é-'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" | Middle Weak | |||
! II-w | |||
| ''maPū́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-mPū́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''maPūḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! II-y | |||
| ''maPī́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-mPī́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''maPīḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! II-a | |||
| ''maPā́Ḫ-'' | | ''maPā́Ḫ-'' | ||
| ''-mPā́Ḫ-'' | | ''-mPā́Ḫ-'' | ||
| ''maPāḪ-á-'' | | ''maPāḪ-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Final Weak | ! II-e | ||
| '' | | ''mePḗḪ-'' | ||
| ''-mPḗḪ-'' | |||
| ''mePēḪ-é-'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" | Final Weak | |||
! III-w | |||
| ''maPRū́-'' | |||
| ''-maPRū́-'' | |||
| ''maPR-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! III-y | |||
| ''maPRī́-'' | |||
| ''-maPRī́-'' | |||
| ''maPR-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! III-a | |||
| ''maPaRā́-'' | |||
| ''-maPRā́-'' | | ''-maPRā́-'' | ||
| ''maPR-á-'' | | ''maPR-á-'' | ||
|- | |||
! III-e | |||
| ''mePRḗ-'' | |||
| ''-mePRḗ-'' | |||
| ''mePR-é-'' | |||
|} | |} | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | ||
|+ '' | |+ ''sa-'' Prefix + Gemination | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! colspan="2" | Weakness | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 6em;" | Realis | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 6em;" | Irrealis | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 6em;" | Imperative | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Strong | ! colspan="2" |Strong | ||
| ''maPaRRáḪ-'' | | ''maPaRRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''-mPaRRáḪ-'' | | ''-mPaRRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''maPaRRaḪ-á-'' | | ''maPaRRaḪ-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Initial Weak | ! rowspan="4" style="width: 6em;" | Initial Weak | ||
! style="width: 3em;" | I-w | |||
| ''muRRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''-muRRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''muRRaḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! I-y | |||
| ''miRRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''-miRRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''miRRaḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! I-a | |||
| ''maRRáḪ-'' | | ''maRRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''-maRRáḪ-'' | | ''-maRRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''maRRaḪ-á-'' | | ''maRRaḪ-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Middle Weak | ! I-e | ||
| ''meRRéḪ-'' | |||
| ''-meRRéḪ-'' | |||
| ''meRReḪ-é-'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" | Middle Weak | |||
! II-w | |||
| ''maPấḪ-'' | |||
| ''-mPấḪ-'' | |||
| ''maPuḪḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! II-y | |||
| ''maPấḪ-'' | |||
| ''-mPấḪ-'' | |||
| ''maPiḪḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! II-a | |||
| ''maPấḪ-'' | | ''maPấḪ-'' | ||
| ''-mPấḪ-'' | | ''-mPấḪ-'' | ||
| ''maPaḪḪ-á-'' | | ''maPaḪḪ-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Final Weak | ! II-e | ||
| ''mePếḪ-'' | |||
| ''-mPếḪ-'' | |||
| ''mePeḪḪ-é-'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" | Final Weak | |||
! III-w | |||
| ''maPaRRū́-'' | |||
| ''-mPaRRū́-'' | |||
| ''maPaRR-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! III-y | |||
| ''maPaRRī́-'' | |||
| ''-mPaRRī́-'' | |||
| ''maPaRR-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! III-a | |||
| ''maPaRRā́-'' | | ''maPaRRā́-'' | ||
| ''-mPaRRā́-'' | | ''-mPaRRā́-'' | ||
| ''maPaRR-á-'' | | ''maPaRR-á-'' | ||
|- | |||
! III-e | |||
| ''mePeRRḗ-'' | |||
| ''-mPeRRḗ-'' | |||
| ''mePeRR-é-'' | |||
|} | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 2,092: | Line 2,417: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width: 6.7em;" | Weakness | ! style="width: 6.7em;" | Weakness | ||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Abs. | ! style="width: 5.7em;" | Abs. (Sg.) | ||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Cons. | ! style="width: 5.7em;" | Abs. (Pl.) | ||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Cons. (Sg.) | |||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Cons. (Pl.) | |||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Poss. (Sg.) | ! style="width: 5.7em;" | Poss. (Sg.) | ||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Poss. (Pl.) | ! style="width: 5.7em;" | Poss. (Pl.) | ||
| Line 2,099: | Line 2,426: | ||
! Strong | ! Strong | ||
| ''PáRḪ-as'' | | ''PáRḪ-as'' | ||
| ''PaRḪ-ā́ya'' | |||
| ''PáRaḪ'' | | ''PáRaḪ'' | ||
| '' | | ''PáRḪ-ā'' | ||
| ''PáRḪ-a-'' | |||
| ''PaRḪ-ā́-'' | | ''PaRḪ-ā́-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Initial Weak | ! Initial Weak | ||
| ''PáRḪ-as'' | | ''PáRḪ-as'' | ||
| ''PaRḪ-ā́ya'' | |||
| ''PáRaḪ'' | | ''PáRaḪ'' | ||
| '' | | ''PáRḪ-ā'' | ||
| ''PáRḪ-a-'' | |||
| ''PaRḪ-ā́-'' | | ''PaRḪ-ā́-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Middle Weak | ! Middle Weak | ||
| ''Pā́Ḫ-as'' | | ''Pā́Ḫ-as'' | ||
| ''Pā́Ḫ-ā́ya'' | |||
| ''Pā́Ḫ'' | | ''Pā́Ḫ'' | ||
| ''Pā́Ḫ-'' | | ''Pā́Ḫ-ā'' | ||
| ''Pā́Ḫ-a-'' | |||
| ''PāḪ-ā́-'' | | ''PāḪ-ā́-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Final Weak | ! Final Weak | ||
| ''Pā́R-as'' | | ''Pā́R-as'' | ||
| ''PāR-ā́ya'' | |||
| ''Pā́R'' | | ''Pā́R'' | ||
| ''Pā́R-'' | | ''Pā́R-ā'' | ||
| ''Pā́R-a-'' | |||
| ''PāR-ā́-'' | | ''PāR-ā́-'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 2,126: | Line 2,461: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width: 6.7em;" | Weakness | ! style="width: 6.7em;" | Weakness | ||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Abs. | ! style="width: 5.7em;" | Abs. (Sg.) | ||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Cons. | ! style="width: 5.7em;" | Abs. (Pl.) | ||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Cons. (Sg.) | |||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Cons. (Pl.) | |||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Poss. (Sg.) | ! style="width: 5.7em;" | Poss. (Sg.) | ||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Poss. (Pl.) | ! style="width: 5.7em;" | Poss. (Pl.) | ||
|- | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Strong | ! Strong | ||
| ''PaRā́Ḫ-as'' | | ''PaRā́Ḫ-as'' | ||
| ''PaRāḪ-ā́ya'' | |||
| ''PáRāḪ'' | | ''PáRāḪ'' | ||
| ''PaRā́Ḫ-'' | | ''PáRā́Ḫ-ā'' | ||
| ''PaRā́Ḫ-a-'' | |||
| ''PaRāḪ-ā́-'' | | ''PaRāḪ-ā́-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Initial Weak | ! Initial Weak | ||
| ''PaRā́Ḫ-as'' | | ''PaRā́Ḫ-as'' | ||
| ''PaRāḪ-ā́ya'' | |||
| ''PáRāḪ'' | | ''PáRāḪ'' | ||
| ''PaRā́Ḫ-'' | | ''PáRā́Ḫ-ā'' | ||
| ''PaRā́Ḫ-a-'' | |||
| ''PaRāḪ-ā́-'' | | ''PaRāḪ-ā́-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Middle Weak | ! Middle Weak | ||
| ''PấḪ-as'' | | ''PấḪ-as'' | ||
| ''PâḪ-ā́ya'' | |||
| ''PấḪ'' | | ''PấḪ'' | ||
| ''PấḪ-'' | | ''PấḪ-ā'' | ||
| ''PấḪ-a-'' | |||
| ''PâḪ-ā́-'' | | ''PâḪ-ā́-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Final Weak | ! Final Weak | ||
| ''PaR-ấs'' | | ''PaR-ấs'' | ||
| ''PaR-ấya'' | |||
| ''PáRā'' | | ''PáRā'' | ||
| ''PáR-â'' | |||
| colspan="2" | ''PaR-ấ-'' | | colspan="2" | ''PaR-ấ-'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 2,159: | Line 2,505: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width: 6.7em;" | Weakness | ! style="width: 6.7em;" | Weakness | ||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Abs. | ! style="width: 5.7em;" | Abs. (Sg.) | ||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Cons. | ! style="width: 5.7em;" | Abs. (Pl.) | ||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Cons. (Sg.) | |||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Cons. (Pl.) | |||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Poss. (Sg.) | ! style="width: 5.7em;" | Poss. (Sg.) | ||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Poss. (Pl.) | ! style="width: 5.7em;" | Poss. (Pl.) | ||
|- | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Strong | ! Strong | ||
| ''PáRRaḪ-as'' | | ''PáRRaḪ-as'' | ||
| ''PaRRaḪ-ā́ya'' | |||
| ''PáRRaḪ'' | | ''PáRRaḪ'' | ||
| ''PáRRaḪ-ā'' | |||
| ''PaRRáḪ-'' | | ''PaRRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''PaRRaḪ-ā́-'' | | ''PaRRaḪ-ā́-'' | ||
| Line 2,172: | Line 2,523: | ||
! Initial Weak | ! Initial Weak | ||
| ''PáRRaḪ-as'' | | ''PáRRaḪ-as'' | ||
| ''PaRRaḪ-ā́ya'' | |||
| ''PáRRaḪ'' | | ''PáRRaḪ'' | ||
| ''PáRRaḪ-ā'' | |||
| ''PaRRáḪ-'' | | ''PaRRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''PaRRaḪ-ā́-'' | | ''PaRRaḪ-ā́-'' | ||
| Line 2,178: | Line 2,531: | ||
! Middle Weak | ! Middle Weak | ||
| ''PáḪḪ-as'' | | ''PáḪḪ-as'' | ||
| ''PaḪḪ-ā́ya'' | |||
| ''Pā́Ḫ'' | | ''Pā́Ḫ'' | ||
| ''Pā́Ḫ-ā'' | |||
| ''PáḪḪ-a'' | | ''PáḪḪ-a'' | ||
| ''PaḪḪ-ā́-'' | | ''PaḪḪ-ā́-'' | ||
| Line 2,184: | Line 2,539: | ||
! Final Weak | ! Final Weak | ||
| ''PaRR-ấs'' | | ''PaRR-ấs'' | ||
| ''PaRR-ấya'' | |||
| ''PáRRa'' | | ''PáRRa'' | ||
| ''PáRR-â'' | |||
| colspan="2" | ''PaRR-ấ-'' | | colspan="2" | ''PaRR-ấ-'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Latest revision as of 01:15, 9 November 2024
Creator of Vrkhazhian, Onschen and Hussite
𞤹𞤸𞤪
WIP Vrkhazhian Case System
| Animate | Inanimate | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feminine | Masculine | Neuter | |||||||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||
| Nominative | -um | -ūwa | -im | -īya | -am | -āya | -as | -āya | |
| Vocative | -u | -i | -a | ||||||
| Accusative | -us | -ūsa | -is | -īsa | -as | -āsa | |||
| Ergative | -un | -ūna | -in | -īna | -an | -āna | -an | -āna | |
| Genitive | -uḫ | -ūwa | -iḫ | -īya | -aḫ | -āya | -aḫ | -āya | |
| Equative | -ūli | -īli | -āli | -āli | |||||
| Animate | Inanimate | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feminine | Masculine | Neuter | |||||||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||
| Nominative | -∅ | -ū | -∅ | -ī | -∅ | -ā | -∅ | -ā | |
| Oblique | |||||||||
| Genitive | -u | -i | -a | -a | |||||
| Equative | -ūli | -īli | -āli | -āli | |||||
WIP Verb System
| Strong Verbs | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ḫaśras | namras | parḫas | |
| "???" | "be evil" | "speak, say" | |
| 1sg | ḫaśurni | namirni | paraḫni |
| 2sg | ḫaśurma | namirma | paraḫma |
| 3sg | ḫaśurta | namirta | paraḫta |
| 1pl | ḫaśurti | namirti | paraḫti |
| 2pl | ḫaśurman | namirman | paraḫman |
| 3pl | ḫaśurtan | namirtan | paraḫtan |
| I-Weak Verbs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| yaźbas | wasḫas | ˀaldas | ??? | |
| "???" | "be loyal" | "fight" | "???" | |
| 1sg | yaźubni | wasiḫni | ˀalanni | ??? |
| 2sg | yaźumma | wasiḫma | ˀaladma | ??? |
| 3sg | yaźubta | wasiḫta | ˀalatta | ??? |
| 1pl | yaźubti | wasiḫti | ˀalatti | ??? |
| 2pl | yaźumman | wasiḫman | ˀaladman | ??? |
| 3pl | yaźubtan | wasiḫtan | ˀalattan | ??? |
| II-Weak Verbs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| dūlas | tīlas | ṣābas | lēbas | |
| "dig, reveal" | "destroy" | "kill" | "give" | |
| 1sg | dūlni | tīlni | ṣābni | lēbni |
| 2sg | dūlma | tīlma | ṣāmma | lēmma |
| 3sg | dūlta | tīlta | ṣābta | lēbta |
| 1pl | dūlti | tīlti | ṣābti | lēbti |
| 2pl | dūlman | tīlman | ṣāmman | lēmman |
| 3pl | dūltan | tīltan | ṣābtan | lēbtan |
| III-Weak Verbs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ??? | rāsas | mālas | kēmas | |
| "???" | "be good" | "heal" | "go up, rise" | |
| 1sg | ??? | rasīni | malāni | kemēni |
| 2sg | ??? | rasīma | malāma | kemēma |
| 3sg | ??? | rasīsa | malāsa | kemēsa |
| 1pl | ??? | rasīti | malāti | kemēti |
| 2pl | ??? | rasīman | malāman | kemēman |
| 3pl | ??? | rasīsan | malāsan | kemēsan |
Summary
| Prefix(es) | Internal Change | Function | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | ACTIVE | ||
| — | -ā- | PLURACTIONAL | Rare, sound and III-weak verbs only | |
| — | Reduplication | PLURACTIONAL, FACTITIVE | ||
| sa- | — | CAUSATIVE | ||
| -ā- | CAUSATIVE PLURACTIONAL | Rare, sound and III-weak verbs only | ||
| Reduplication | ||||
| ma- | — | APPLICATIVE | ||
| -ā- | APPLICATIVE PLURACTIONAL | Rare, sound and III-weak verbs only | ||
| Reduplication |
Active Voice
| Conjugation (strong, a/u-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) | ||||||
| Infinitive | parḫas | |||||
| Participle | parriḫ- | |||||
| Affirmative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | paraḫni | napruḫni | tapruḫni | ḫapruḫni | parḫanni | — |
| 2.sg | paraḫma | napruḫma | tapruḫma | ḫapruḫma | parḫamma | parḫū |
| 3.sg | paraḫta | napruḫta | tapruḫta | ḫapruḫta | parḫatta | parḫā |
| 1.pl | paraḫti | napruḫti | tapruḫti | ḫapruḫti | parḫatti | — |
| 2.pl | paraḫman | napruḫman | tapruḫman | ḫapruḫman | parḫamman | parḫūna |
| 3.pl | paraḫtan | napruḫtan | tapruḫtan | ḫapruḫtan | parḫattan | parḫāna |
| Negative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | paraḫnisi | napruḫnisi | tapruḫnisi | ḫapruḫnisi | parḫannisi | |
| 2.sg | paraḫmasi | napruḫmasi | tapruḫmasi | ḫapruḫmasi | parḫammasi | |
| 3.sg | paraḫtasi | napruḫtasi | tapruḫtasi | ḫapruḫtasi | parḫattasi | |
| 1.pl | paraḫtisi | napruḫtisi | tapruḫtisi | ḫapruḫtisi | parḫattisi | |
| 2.pl | paraḫmasin | napruḫmasin | tapruḫmasin | ḫapruḫmasin | parḫammasin | |
| 3.pl | paraḫtasin | napruḫtasin | tapruḫtasin | ḫapruḫtasin | parḫattasin | |
| Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y-N-D (catch) | ||||||
| Infinitive | yandas | |||||
| Participle | yannid- | |||||
| Affirmative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | yananni | nīnanni | tīnanni | ḫīnanni | yandanni | — |
| 2.sg | yanadma | nīnadma | tīnadma | ḫīnadma | yandamma | yandū |
| 3.sg | yanatta | nīnatta | tīnatta | ḫīnatta | yandatta | yandā |
| 1.pl | yanatti | nīnatti | tīnatti | ḫīnatti | yandatti | — |
| 2.pl | yanadman | nīnadman | tīnadman | ḫīnadman | yandamman | yandūna |
| 3.pl | yanattan | nīnattan | tīnattan | ḫīnattan | yandattan | yandāna |
| Negative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | yanannisi | nīnannisi | tīnannisi | ḫīnannisi | yandannisi | |
| 2.sg | yanadmasi | nīnadmasi | tīnadmasi | ḫīnadmasi | yandammasi | |
| 3.sg | yanattasi | nīnattasi | tīnattasi | ḫīnattasi | yandattasi | |
| 1.pl | yanattisi | nīnattisi | tīnattisi | ḫīnattisi | yandattisi | |
| 2.pl | yanadmasin | nīnadmasin | tīnadmasin | ḫīnadmasin | yandammasin | |
| 3.pl | yanattasin | nīnattasin | tīnattasin | ḫīnattasin | yandattasin | |
| Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) | ||||||
| Infinitive | ṣābas | |||||
| Participle | ṣibb- | |||||
| Affirmative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | ṣābni | naṣābni | taṣābni | ḫaṣābni | ṣābanni | — |
| 2.sg | ṣāmma | naṣāmma | taṣāmma | ḫaṣāmma | ṣābamma | ṣābū |
| 3.sg | ṣābta | naṣābta | taṣābta | ḫaṣābta | ṣābatta | ṣābā |
| 1.pl | ṣābti | naṣābti | taṣābti | ḫaṣābti | ṣābatti | — |
| 2.pl | ṣāmman | naṣāmman | taṣāmman | ḫaṣāmman | ṣābamman | ṣābūna |
| 3.pl | ṣābtan | naṣābtan | taṣābtan | ḫaṣābtan | ṣābattan | ṣābāna |
| Negative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | ṣābnisi | naṣābnisi | taṣābnisi | ḫaṣābnisi | ṣābannisi | |
| 2.sg | ṣāmmasi | naṣāmmasi | taṣāmmasi | ḫaṣāmmasi | ṣābammasi | |
| 3.sg | ṣābtasi | naṣābtasi | taṣābtasi | ḫaṣābtasi | ṣābattasi | |
| 1.pl | ṣābtisi | naṣābtisi | taṣābtisi | ḫaṣābtisi | ṣābattisi | |
| 2.pl | ṣāmmasin | naṣāmmasin | taṣāmmasin | ḫaṣāmmasin | ṣābammanis | |
| 3.pl | ṣābtasin | naṣābtasin | taṣābtasin | ḫaṣābtasin | ṣābattasin | |
| Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-S-Y (be good, be moral) | ||||||
| Infinitive | rāsas | |||||
| Participle | rassi- | |||||
| Affirmative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | rasīni | narsīni | tarsīni | ḫarsīni | rāsanni | — |
| 2.sg | rasīma | narsīma | tarsīma | ḫarsīma | rāsamma | rāsū |
| 3.sg | rasīsa | narsīsa | tarsīsa | ḫarsīsa | rāsatta | rāsā |
| 1.pl | rasīti | narsīti | tarsīti | ḫarsīti | rāsatti | — |
| 2.pl | rasīman | narsīman | tarsīman | ḫarsīman | rāsamman | rāsūna |
| 3.pl | rasīsan | narsīsan | tarsīsan | ḫarsīsan | rāsattan | rāsāna |
| Negative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | rasīnisi | narsīnisi | tarsīnisi | ḫarsīnisi | rāsannisi | |
| 2.sg | rasīmasi | narsīmasi | tarsīmasi | ḫarsīmasi | rāsammasi | |
| 3.sg | rasīsasi | narsīsasi | tarsīsasi | ḫarsīsasi | rāsattasi | |
| 1.pl | rasītisi | narsītisi | tarsītisi | ḫarsītisi | rāsattisi | |
| 2.pl | rasīmasin | narsīmasin | tarsīmasin | ḫarsīmasin | rāsammasin | |
| 3.pl | rasīsasin | narsīsasin | tarsīsasin | ḫarsīsasin | rāsattasin | |
Pluractional
| Conjugation (strong, a/u-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-R-R-Ḫ (say many things) | ||||||
| Infinitive | parraḫas | |||||
| Participle | parriḫ- | |||||
| Affirmative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | parraḫni | naparruḫni | taparruḫni | ḫaparruḫni | parraḫanni | — |
| 2.sg | parraḫma | naparruḫma | taparruḫma | ḫaparruḫma | parraḫamma | parraḫū |
| 3.sg | parraḫta | naparruḫta | taparruḫta | ḫaparruḫta | parraḫatta | parraḫā |
| 1.pl | parraḫti | naparruḫti | taparruḫti | ḫaparruḫti | parraḫatti | — |
| 2.pl | parraḫman | naparruḫman | taparruḫman | ḫaparruḫman | parraḫamman | parraḫūna |
| 3.pl | parraḫtan | naparruḫtan | taparruḫtan | ḫaparruḫtan | parraḫattan | parraḫāna |
| Negative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | parraḫnisi | naparruḫnisi | taparruḫnisi | ḫaparruḫnisi | parraḫannisi | |
| 2.sg | parraḫmasi | naparruḫmasi | taparruḫmasi | ḫaparruḫmasi | parraḫammasi | |
| 3.sg | parraḫtasi | naparruḫtasi | taparruḫtasi | ḫaparruḫtasi | parraḫattasi | |
| 1.pl | parraḫtisi | naparruḫtisi | taparruḫtisi | ḫaparruḫtisi | parraḫattisi | |
| 2.pl | parraḫmasin | naparruḫmasin | taparruḫmasin | ḫaparruḫmasin | parraḫammasin | |
| 3.pl | parraḫtasin | naparruḫtasin | taparruḫtasin | ḫaparruḫtasin | parraḫattasin | |
| Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y-N-D (catch) | ||||||
| Infinitive | yannadas | |||||
| Participle | yannid- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | yannanni | ninnanni | tinnanni | ḫinnanni | yannadanni | — |
| 2.sg | yannadma | ninnadma | tinnadma | ḫinnadma | yannadamma | yannadū |
| 3.sg | yannatta | ninnatta | tinnatta | ḫinnatta | yannadatta | yannadā |
| 1.pl | yannatti | ninnatti | tinnatti | ḫinnatti | yannadatti | — |
| 2.pl | yannadman | ninnadman | tinnadman | ḫinnadman | yannadamman | yannadūna |
| 3.pl | yanattan | ninnattan | tinnattan | ḫinnattan | yannadattan | yannadāna |
| Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) | ||||||
| Infinitive | ṣabbas | |||||
| Participle | ṣibb- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | ṣâbni | naṣâbni | taṣâbni | ḫaṣâbni | ṣabbanni | — |
| 2.sg | ṣâmma | naṣâmma | taṣâmma | ḫaṣâmma | ṣabbamma | ṣabbū |
| 3.sg | ṣâbta | naṣâbta | taṣâbta | ḫaṣâbta | ṣabbatta | ṣabbā |
| 1.pl | ṣâbti | naṣâbti | taṣâbti | ḫaṣâbti | ṣabbatti | — |
| 2.pl | ṣâmman | naṣâmman | taṣâmman | ḫaṣâmman | ṣabbamman | ṣabbūna |
| 3.pl | ṣâbtan | naṣâbtan | taṣâbtan | ḫaṣâbtan | ṣabbattan | ṣabbāna |
| Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-S-Y (be good, be moral) | ||||||
| Infinitive | rassâs | |||||
| Participle | rassi- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | rassīni | narassīni | tarassīni | ḫarassīni | rassanni | — |
| 2.sg | rassīma | narassīma | tarassīma | ḫarassīma | rassamma | rassû |
| 3.sg | rassīsa | narassīsa | tarassīsa | ḫarassīsa | rassatta | rassâ |
| 1.pl | rassīti | narassīti | tarassīti | ḫarassīti | rassatti | — |
| 2.pl | rassīman | narassīman | tarassīman | ḫarassīman | rassamman | rassûna |
| 3.pl | rassīsan | narassīsan | tarassīsan | ḫarassīsan | rassattan | rassâna |
Applicative Voice
Benefactive
| Conjugation (strong, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) | ||||||
| Infinitive | supruḫas | |||||
| Participle | supruḫ- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | sapraḫni | nasapraḫni | tasapraḫni | ḫasapraḫni | sapraḫanni | — |
| 2.sg | sapraḫma | nasapraḫma | tasapraḫma | ḫasapraḫma | sapraḫamma | sapraḫū |
| 3.sg | sapraḫta | nasapraḫta | tasapraḫta | ḫasapraḫta | sapraḫatta | sapraḫā |
| 1.pl | sapraḫti | nasapraḫti | tasapraḫti | ḫasapraḫti | sapraḫatti | — |
| 2.pl | sapraḫman | nasapraḫman | tasapraḫman | ḫasapraḫman | sapraḫamman | sapraḫūna |
| 3.pl | sapraḫtan | nasapraḫtan | tasapraḫtan | ḫasapraḫtan | sapraḫattan | sapraḫāna |
| Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y-N-D (catch) | ||||||
| Infinitive | sūnudas | |||||
| Participle | sūnud- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | sīnanni | nasīnanni | tasīnanni | ḫasīnanni | sīnadanni | — |
| 2.sg | sīnadma | nasīnadma | tasīnadma | ḫasīnadma | sīnadamma | sīnadū |
| 3.sg | sīnatta | nasīnatta | tasīnatta | ḫasīnatta | sīnadatta | sīnadā |
| 1.pl | sīnatti | nasīnatti | tasīnatti | ḫasīnatti | sīnadatti | — |
| 2.pl | sīnadman | nasīnadman | tasīnadman | ḫasīnadman | sīnadamman | sīnadūna |
| 3.pl | sīnattan | nasīnattan | tasīnattan | ḫasīnattan | sīnadattan | sīnadāna |
| Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) | ||||||
| Infinitive | suṣubbas | |||||
| Participle | suṣubb- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | saṣābni | naṣṣābni | taṣṣābni | ḫaṣṣābni | saṣābanni | — |
| 2.sg | saṣāmma | naṣṣāmma | taṣṣāmma | ḫaṣṣāmma | saṣābamma | saṣābū |
| 3.sg | saṣābta | naṣṣābta | taṣṣābta | ḫaṣṣābta | saṣābatta | saṣābā |
| 1.pl | saṣābti | naṣṣābti | taṣṣābti | ḫaṣṣābti | saṣābatti | — |
| 2.pl | saṣāmman | naṣṣāmman | taṣṣāmman | ḫaṣṣāmman | saṣābamman | saṣābūna |
| 3.pl | saṣābtan | naṣṣābtan | taṣṣābtan | ḫaṣṣābtan | saṣābattan | saṣābāna |
| Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-S-Y (be good, be moral) | ||||||
| Infinitive | sursâs | |||||
| Participle | sursu- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | sarsīni | nasarsīni | tasarsīni | ḫasarsīni | sarsanni | — |
| 2.sg | sarsīma | nasarsīma | tasarsīma | ḫasarsīma | sarsamma | sarsû |
| 3.sg | sarsīsa | nasarsīsa | tasarsīsa | ḫasarsīsa | sarsatta | sarsâ |
| 1.pl | sarsīti | nasarsīti | tasarsīti | ḫasarsīti | sarsatti | — |
| 2.pl | sarsīman | nasarsīman | tasarsīman | ḫasarsīman | sarsamman | sarsûna |
| 3.pl | sarsīsan | nasarsīsan | tasarsīsan | ḫasarsīsan | sarsattan | sarsâna |
Other
| Conjugation (strong, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) | ||||||
| Infinitive | mupruḫas | |||||
| Participle | mupruḫ- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | mapraḫni | namapraḫni | tamapraḫni | ḫamapraḫni | mapraḫanni | — |
| 2.sg | mapraḫma | namapraḫma | tamapraḫma | ḫamapraḫma | mapraḫamma | mapraḫū |
| 3.sg | mapraḫta | namapraḫta | tamapraḫta | ḫamapraḫta | mapraḫatta | mapraḫā |
| 1.pl | mapraḫti | namapraḫti | tamapraḫti | ḫamapraḫti | mapraḫatti | — |
| 2.pl | mapraḫman | namapraḫman | tamapraḫman | ḫamapraḫman | mapraḫamman | mapraḫūna |
| 3.pl | mapraḫtan | namapraḫtan | tamapraḫtan | ḫamapraḫtan | mapraḫattan | mapraḫāna |
| Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y-N-D (catch) | ||||||
| Infinitive | mūnudas | |||||
| Participle | mūnud- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | mīnanni | namīnanni | tamīnanni | ḫamīnanni | mīnadanni | — |
| 2.sg | mīnadma | namīnadma | tamīnadma | ḫamīnadma | mīnadamma | mīnadū |
| 3.sg | mīnatta | namīnatta | tamīnatta | ḫamīnatta | mīnadatta | mīnadā |
| 1.pl | mīnatti | namīnatti | tamīnatti | ḫamīnatti | mīnadatti | — |
| 2.pl | mīnadman | namīnadman | tamīnadman | ḫamīnadman | mīnadamman | mīnadūna |
| 3.pl | mīnattan | namīnattan | tamīnattan | ḫamīnattan | mīnadattan | mīnadāna |
| Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) | ||||||
| Infinitive | muṣubbas | |||||
| Participle | muṣubb- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | maṣābni | namṣābni | tamṣābni | ḫamṣābni | maṣābanni | — |
| 2.sg | maṣāmma | namṣāmma | tamṣāmma | ḫamṣāmma | maṣābamma | maṣābū |
| 3.sg | maṣābta | namṣābta | tamṣābta | ḫamṣābta | maṣābatta | maṣābā |
| 1.pl | maṣābti | namṣābti | tamṣābti | ḫamṣābti | maṣābatti | — |
| 2.pl | maṣāmman | namṣāmman | tamṣāmman | ḫamṣāmman | maṣābamman | maṣābūna |
| 3.pl | maṣābtan | namṣābtan | tamṣābtan | ḫamṣābtan | maṣābattan | maṣābāna |
| Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-S-Y (be good, be moral) | ||||||
| Infinitive | mursâs | |||||
| Participle | mursu- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | marsīni | namarsīni | tamarsīni | ḫamarsīni | marsanni | — |
| 2.sg | marsīma | namarsīma | tamarsīma | ḫamarsīma | marsamma | marsû |
| 3.sg | marsīsa | namarsīsa | tamarsīsa | ḫamarsīsa | marsatta | marsâ |
| 1.pl | marsīti | namarsīti | tamarsīti | ḫamarsīti | marsatti | — |
| 2.pl | marsīman | namarsīman | tamarsīman | ḫamarsīman | marsamman | marsûna |
| 3.pl | marsīsan | namarsīsan | tamarsīsan | ḫamarsīsan | marsattan | marsâna |
Stem shapes based on stress
Verbs
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Deverbatives
| Weakness | Abs. (Sg.) | Abs. (Pl.) | Cons. (Sg.) | Cons. (Pl.) | Poss. (Sg.) | Poss. (Pl.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strong | PáRḪ-as | PaRḪ-ā́ya | PáRaḪ | PáRḪ-ā | PáRḪ-a- | PaRḪ-ā́- |
| Initial Weak | PáRḪ-as | PaRḪ-ā́ya | PáRaḪ | PáRḪ-ā | PáRḪ-a- | PaRḪ-ā́- |
| Middle Weak | Pā́Ḫ-as | Pā́Ḫ-ā́ya | Pā́Ḫ | Pā́Ḫ-ā | Pā́Ḫ-a- | PāḪ-ā́- |
| Final Weak | Pā́R-as | PāR-ā́ya | Pā́R | Pā́R-ā | Pā́R-a- | PāR-ā́- |
| Weakness | Abs. (Sg.) | Abs. (Pl.) | Cons. (Sg.) | Cons. (Pl.) | Poss. (Sg.) | Poss. (Pl.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strong | PaRā́Ḫ-as | PaRāḪ-ā́ya | PáRāḪ | PáRā́Ḫ-ā | PaRā́Ḫ-a- | PaRāḪ-ā́- |
| Initial Weak | PaRā́Ḫ-as | PaRāḪ-ā́ya | PáRāḪ | PáRā́Ḫ-ā | PaRā́Ḫ-a- | PaRāḪ-ā́- |
| Middle Weak | PấḪ-as | PâḪ-ā́ya | PấḪ | PấḪ-ā | PấḪ-a- | PâḪ-ā́- |
| Final Weak | PaR-ấs | PaR-ấya | PáRā | PáR-â | PaR-ấ- | |
| Weakness | Abs. (Sg.) | Abs. (Pl.) | Cons. (Sg.) | Cons. (Pl.) | Poss. (Sg.) | Poss. (Pl.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strong | PáRRaḪ-as | PaRRaḪ-ā́ya | PáRRaḪ | PáRRaḪ-ā | PaRRáḪ- | PaRRaḪ-ā́- |
| Initial Weak | PáRRaḪ-as | PaRRaḪ-ā́ya | PáRRaḪ | PáRRaḪ-ā | PaRRáḪ- | PaRRaḪ-ā́- |
| Middle Weak | PáḪḪ-as | PaḪḪ-ā́ya | Pā́Ḫ | Pā́Ḫ-ā | PáḪḪ-a | PaḪḪ-ā́- |
| Final Weak | PaRR-ấs | PaRR-ấya | PáRRa | PáRR-â | PaRR-ấ- | |
Voice
| Voice | Role/Marking | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Accusative | Instrumental | |
| Active (Intransitive) | Subject | N/A | N/A |
| Active (Monotransitive) | Subject | Object | N/A |
| Active (Ditransitive) | Subject | Primary Object | Secondary Object |
| Causative/Instrumental | Causer | Causee/Instrument | Object |
Morpheme Chain
| Clausal Proclitics | Relativizer | Tense/Mood | Stem | Imperative | Subject | Negation | Subject Plural (2nd and 3rd) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voice | Root | |||||||
| various | iC- | na-, ta-, ḫa- | s(i)-, m(i)- | R₁(a)R₂aR₃ R₁(a)R₂uR₃ R₁(a)R₂iR₃ |
-aC- / -ā- | various | -si | -n |
Ablaut Classes
| Realis | Irrealis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class 1 | Transitive | a | a | |
| Intransitive | Dynamic | u | a | |
| Stative | i | a | ||
| Class 2 | Transitive | a | u | |
| Intransitive | Dynamic | u | u | |
| Stative | i | i | ||
| Class 3 | Transitive | a | a | |
| Intransitive | Dynamic | u | a | |
| Stative | i | i | ||
Ch'adic
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | lateral | |||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ ⟨n̮⟩ | |||||
| Stop | fortis | p | t | t͡ɬ ⟨ć⟩ | t͡ʃ ⟨č⟩ | k | ʡ | ʔ |
| emphatic | pʼ ⟨ṗ⟩ | tʼ ⟨ṭ⟩ | t͡ɬʼ ⟨ć̣⟩ | t͡ʃʼ ⟨č̣⟩ | kʼ ⟨ḳ⟩ | |||
| lenis | b | d | d͡ɮ ⟨ʒ́⟩ | d͡ʒ ⟨ǯ⟩ | g | |||
| Fricative | f | s | ɬ ⟨ś⟩ | ʃ ⟨š⟩ | x ⟨ḫ⟩ | ħ ⟨ḥ⟩ | h | |
| Approximant | w | j ⟨y⟩ | ||||||
| Liquid | r | l | ||||||
| Status Absolutus | Status Constructus | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Feminine | -u | -un | -u | -ū |
| Masculine | -i | -in | -i | -ī |
| Neuter | -ar | -aran | -a | -ā |
| Inanimate | -aš | -ašan | ||
