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|bg=#9966CC | |bg=#9966CC | ||
|name=Ossmalic | |name=Ossmalic | ||
|native= | |native=мэ́ӈ оссэма́л | ||
|pronounce=[ | |pronounce=[ˈmə́ŋ òs.ˈsmál] | ||
|in=Ossmal | |in=Ossmal | ||
|script=Sealbone Script | |script=Sealbone Script | ||
| Line 128: | Line 128: | ||
! rowspan="9" | Stop | ! rowspan="9" | Stop | ||
! rowspan="3" | Plain | ! rowspan="3" | Plain | ||
| ''па'' /pá/ | | '''па''' /pá/ | ||
| ''ба'' /pà/ | | '''ба''' /pà/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''та'' /t̪á/ | | '''та''' /t̪á/ | ||
| ''да'' /t̪à/ | | '''да''' /t̪à/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''ка'' /ká/ | | '''ка''' /ká/ | ||
| ''га'' /kà/ | | '''га''' /kà/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" | Aspirated | ! rowspan="3" | Aspirated | ||
| ''пха'' /pʰá/ | | '''пха''' /pʰá/ | ||
| ''бха'' /pʰà/ | | '''бха''' /pʰà/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''тха'' /t̪ʰá/ | | '''тха''' /t̪ʰá/ | ||
| ''дха'' /t̪ʰà/ | | '''дха''' /t̪ʰà/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''кха'' /kʰá/ | | '''кха''' /kʰá/ | ||
| ''гха'' /kʰà/ | | '''гха''' /kʰà/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" | Voiced | ! rowspan="3" | Voiced | ||
| ''мпа'' /bá/ | | '''мпа''' /bá/ | ||
| ''мба'' /bà/ | | '''мба''' /bà/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''нта'' /d̪á/ | | '''нта''' /d̪á/ | ||
| ''нда'' /d̪à/ | | '''нда''' /d̪à/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''ӈка'' /gá/ | | '''ӈка''' /gá/ | ||
| ''ӈга'' /gà/ | | '''ӈга''' /gà/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Fricative | ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Fricative | ||
| ''са'' /sá/ | | '''са''' /sá/ | ||
| ''за'' /sà/ | | '''за''' /sà/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''ха'' /xá/ | | '''ха''' /xá/ | ||
| ''һа'' /xà/ | | '''һа''' /xà/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" rowspan="4" | Sonorant | ! colspan="2" rowspan="4" | Sonorant | ||
| ''мха'' /má/ | | '''мха''' /má/ | ||
| ''ма'' /mà/ | | '''ма''' /mà/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''нха'' /n̪á/ | | '''нха''' /n̪á/ | ||
| ''на'' /n̪à/ | | '''на''' /n̪à/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''ӈха'' /ŋá/ | | '''ӈха''' /ŋá/ | ||
| ''ӈа'' /ŋà/ | | '''ӈа''' /ŋà/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''лха'' /lá/ | | '''лха''' /lá/ | ||
| ''ла'' /là/ | | '''ла''' /là/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Tone possibly indicated on vowels instead: | |||
:'''а́ е́ и́ э́ о́ у́''' | |||
:'''а̀ ѐ ѝ э̀ о̀ у̀''' | |||
Animate: | Animate: | ||
:'' | :''ма̀дсьаі'' "human" [sg], ''???'' "people" [pl] | ||
:''сьо́лаі'' "river" [sg], ''???'' "rivers" [pl] | :''сьо́лаі'' "river" [sg], ''???'' "rivers" [pl] | ||
:''хва́лаі'' "horse" [sg], ''???'' "horses" [pl] | :''хва́лаі'' "horse" [sg], ''???'' "horses" [pl] | ||
:''кхьва́наі'' "god" [sg], ''???'' "gods" [pl] | :''кхьва́наі'' "god" [sg], ''???'' "gods" [pl] | ||
:'' | :''дэ̀лхаі'' ??? [sg] | ||
Inanimate: | Inanimate: | ||
:''сэма́л'' "mountain" [sg], '' | :''сэма́л'' "mountain" [sg], ''сэма̀ль'' "mountains" [pl] | ||
:'' | :''сьо́л'' "lake" [sg], ''сьо́ль'' "lakes" [pl] | ||
:'' | :''ду̀д'' "house" [sg], ''ду̀дь'' "houses" [pl] | ||
:'' | :''мэ́ӈ'' "language" [sg], ''мэ̀ӈь'' "languages" [pl] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:28, 15 February 2024
Ossmalic
| Ossmalic мэ́ӈ оссэма́л | |
|---|---|
| Pronounced: | [ˈmə́ŋ òs.ˈsmál] |
| Spoken: | Ossmal |
| Writing system: | Sealbone Script |
| Genealogy: | Language isolate |
| Typology | |
| Morphological type: | ??? |
| Morphosyntactic alignment: | ergative-absolutive |
| Basic word order: | VSO |
| Credits | |
| Creator: | Malcolm G. Holborne |
28 consonants:
| Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hard | soft | hard | soft | ||||
| Nasal | м /m/ | н /n̪/ | нь /n̪ʲ/ | ӈ /ŋ/ | ӈь /ŋʲ/ | ||
| Stop | voiceless | п /p/ | т /t̪/ | ть /t̪ʲ/ | к /k/ | кь /kʲ/ | |
| aspirated | пх /pʰ/ | тх /t̪ʰ/ | тхь /t̪ʲʰ/ | кх /kʰ/ | кхь /kʲʰ/ | ||
| voiced | мп /b/ | нт /d̪/ | нть /d̪ʲ/ | ӈк /g/ | ӈкь /gʲ/ | ||
| Fricative | в /ʋ/ | с /s/ | сь /sʲ/ | і /j/ | х /x/ | хь /xʲ/ | |
| Approximant | л /l/ | ль /lʲ/ | |||||
| Type | Front | Central | Back |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | и /i/ | э /ə~ɨ/ | у /u/ |
| Mid | е /e/ | о /o/ | |
| Open | а /a/ | ||
| Type | Front | Back |
|---|---|---|
| Mid Falling | іе /i̯e/ | во /u̯o/ |
| Open Falling | іа /i̯a/ | ва /u̯a/ |
Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters:
| Consonant | High | Low | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | Plain | па /pá/ | ба /pà/ |
| та /t̪á/ | да /t̪à/ | ||
| ка /ká/ | га /kà/ | ||
| Aspirated | пха /pʰá/ | бха /pʰà/ | |
| тха /t̪ʰá/ | дха /t̪ʰà/ | ||
| кха /kʰá/ | гха /kʰà/ | ||
| Voiced | мпа /bá/ | мба /bà/ | |
| нта /d̪á/ | нда /d̪à/ | ||
| ӈка /gá/ | ӈга /gà/ | ||
| Fricative | са /sá/ | за /sà/ | |
| ха /xá/ | һа /xà/ | ||
| Sonorant | мха /má/ | ма /mà/ | |
| нха /n̪á/ | на /n̪à/ | ||
| ӈха /ŋá/ | ӈа /ŋà/ | ||
| лха /lá/ | ла /là/ | ||
Tone possibly indicated on vowels instead:
- а́ е́ и́ э́ о́ у́
- а̀ ѐ ѝ э̀ о̀ у̀
Animate:
- ма̀дсьаі "human" [sg], ??? "people" [pl]
- сьо́лаі "river" [sg], ??? "rivers" [pl]
- хва́лаі "horse" [sg], ??? "horses" [pl]
- кхьва́наі "god" [sg], ??? "gods" [pl]
- дэ̀лхаі ??? [sg]
Inanimate:
- сэма́л "mountain" [sg], сэма̀ль "mountains" [pl]
- сьо́л "lake" [sg], сьо́ль "lakes" [pl]
- ду̀д "house" [sg], ду̀дь "houses" [pl]
- мэ́ӈ "language" [sg], мэ̀ӈь "languages" [pl]
Adjective prefixes
Colours
- маг- "black, dark"
- ос- "white, light"
- тьил- "immoral, wicked, evil"
