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| <font size = 4>
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| ==Introduction==
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| *The Nemuti are divided into two nations, one north of the jungle and one south of the jungle. They speak the same language but there are some differences in their pronunciations. The following tables set out the these two different pronunciations.
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|
| |
| ==Nemuti Phonology==
| |
| ===Table of Phonemes===
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| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:1300px;"
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| ! MOA
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| ! colspan="3" | nasals
| |
| |
| |
| ! colspan="6" | stops
| |
| |
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| ! colspan="3" | sibilants
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| |
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| ! colspan="2" | fricatives
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| |
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| ! colspan="1" | tap
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| |
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| ! colspan="3" | affricates
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| |
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| ! colspan="2" | approximants
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| |
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| ! colspan="5" | vowels
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| |-
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| ! IPA
| |
| | <center>/m/</center>
| |
| | /n/
| |
| | /ŋ/
| |
| !
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| | /p/
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| | /b/
| |
| | /t/
| |
| | /d/
| |
| | /k/
| |
| | /g/
| |
| !
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| | /s/ (/θ/)
| |
| | /z/ (/ð/)
| |
| | /ʃ/
| |
| !
| |
| | /ɸ/
| |
| | /h/
| |
| !
| |
| | /ɾ/ (/ʁ/)
| |
| !
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| | /ʦ/
| |
| | /ʧ/
| |
| | /ʤ/
| |
| !
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| | /j/
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| | /w/
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| !
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| | /i/
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| | /e/
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| | /ä/
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| | /o/
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| | /u/ (/ɯ/)
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| |-
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| ! Latin
| |
| | m
| |
| | n
| |
| | ŋ
| |
| !
| |
| | p
| |
| | b
| |
| | t
| |
| | d
| |
| | k
| |
| | g
| |
| !
| |
| | s
| |
| | z
| |
| | x
| |
| !
| |
| | f
| |
| | h
| |
| !
| |
| | r
| |
| !
| |
| | ṡ
| |
| | ċ
| |
| | j
| |
| !
| |
| | y
| |
| | w
| |
| !
| |
| | i
| |
| | e
| |
| | a
| |
| | o
| |
| | u
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Nemuti
| |
| | Γ
| |
| | F
| |
| | E
| |
| !
| |
| | T
| |
| | Ŧ
| |
| | Ⴙ
| |
| | Ⴌ
| |
| | Ⴈ
| |
| | ꟻ
| |
| !
| |
| | X
| |
| | Ӿ
| |
| | ⵅ
| |
| !
| |
| | Y
| |
| | ⅄
| |
| !
| |
| | Ш
| |
| !
| |
| | ⵡ
| |
| | Η
| |
| | Π
| |
| !
| |
| | ᗐ
| |
| | ᗑ
| |
| !
| |
| | ᛁ
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| | ᛚ
| |
| | ᚫ
| |
| | ᐃ
| |
| | ᐁ
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Devanagari
| |
| | म
| |
| | न
| |
| | ङ
| |
| !
| |
| | प
| |
| | ब
| |
| | त
| |
| | ड
| |
| | क
| |
| | ग
| |
| !
| |
| | स
| |
| | स़
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| | श
| |
| !
| |
| | फ
| |
| | ह
| |
| !
| |
| | र
| |
| !
| |
| | त्स
| |
| | च
| |
| | ज
| |
| !
| |
| | य
| |
| | व
| |
| !
| |
| | इ
| |
| | ए
| |
| | अ
| |
| | ओ
| |
| | उ
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Manaŋa
| |
| | m
| |
| | 目
| |
| | 止
| |
| !
| |
| | 日
| |
| | 男
| |
| | 木
| |
| | d
| |
| | 花
| |
| | 舌
| |
| !
| |
| | s
| |
| | 里
| |
| | 血
| |
| !
| |
| | f
| |
| | 母
| |
| !
| |
| | 火
| |
| !
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| | 心
| |
| | ċ
| |
| | j
| |
| !
| |
| | w
| |
| | 山
| |
| !
| |
| | 天
| |
| | 石
| |
| | 支
| |
| | o
| |
| | u
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Hangul
| |
| | ㅁ
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| | ㄴ
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| | ㅇ
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| !
| |
| | ㅂ
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| | ㅃ
| |
| | ㅌ
| |
| | ㄷ
| |
| | ㄱ
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| | ㄲ
| |
| !
| |
| | ㅅ
| |
| | ㅆ
| |
| | ㅊ
| |
| !
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| | ㅍ
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| | ㅎ
| |
| !
| |
| | ㄹ
| |
| !
| |
| | ㅋ
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| | ㅈ
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| | ㅉ
| |
| !
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| !
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| | ㅣ
| |
| | ㅓ
| |
| | ㅏ
| |
| | ㅗ
| |
| | ㅜ
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Latin
| |
| | ma
| |
| | na
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| | ŋa
| |
| !
| |
| | pa
| |
| | ba
| |
| | ta
| |
| | da
| |
| | ka
| |
| | ga
| |
| !
| |
| | sa
| |
| | za
| |
| | xa
| |
| !
| |
| | fa
| |
| | ha
| |
| !
| |
| | ra
| |
| !
| |
| | ṡa
| |
| | ċa
| |
| | ja
| |
| !
| |
| | ya
| |
| | wa
| |
| !
| |
| | i
| |
| | e
| |
| | a
| |
| | o
| |
| | u
| |
| |}
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|
| |
| ====Note====
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| *The alphabet is ordered according to the position of the letters on this table, first the nasals, then the stops, ''etc.''
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|
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|
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| ===Table of Consonants===
| |
| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
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| !
| |
| !
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| ! Labial
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| ! Dental
| |
| ! Alveolar
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| ! Postalveolar
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| ! Palato-<br>alveolar
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| ! Palatal
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| ! Velar
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| ! Uvular
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| ! Glottal
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| |-
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| ! Nasal
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| ! Voiced
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| | align=center | <m> /m/
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| | align=center | <n> /n/
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| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
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| | align=center | <ŋ> /ŋ/
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| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" | Stops
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| ! Voiceless
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| | align=center | <nowiki><p></nowiki> /p/
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| | align=center | <t> /t/
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center | <k> /k/
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Voiced
| |
| | align=center | <nowiki><b></nowiki> /b/
| |
| | align=center | <d> /d/
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center | <g> /g/
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" | Sibilant Fricative
| |
| ! Voiceless
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center | <nowiki><s></nowiki> /s/
| |
| | align=center | <x> /ʃ/
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Voiced
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center | <z> /z/
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" | Non-sibilant Fricative
| |
| ! Voiceless
| |
| | align=center | <f> /ɸ/
| |
| | align=center | (<þ> /θ/)<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center | <h> /h/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Voiced
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center | (<ð> /ð/)
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center | (<r> /ʁ/)
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="" | Tap
| |
| ! Voiced
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center | <r> /ɾ/
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" | Affricate
| |
| ! Voiceless
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center | <ṡ> /ʦ/
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center | <ċ> /ʧ/
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Voiced
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center | <j> /ʤ/
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| |-
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="1" | Approximant
| |
| ! Voiced
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center | <y> /j/
| |
| | align=center | <w> /w/
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| ====Note:====
| |
| *<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup>Phonemes in parentheses indicate the pronunciations in southern Fudasi.
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|
| |
| ===Table of Vowels===
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| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
| |
| !
| |
| ! Front
| |
| ! Central
| |
| ! Back
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Close
| |
| | align=center | <nowiki><i></nowiki> /i/
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center | <nowiki><u></nowiki> /u/ (/ɯ/)<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup>
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Close-mid
| |
| | align=center | <e> /e/
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Open-mid
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center | <o> /o/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Open
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center | <a> /a/
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| ====Note:====
| |
| *<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup>Phoneme in parentheses indicates the pronunciation in southern Fudasi.
| |
|
| |
| a
| |
| e
| |
| i
| |
| o
| |
| u
| |
| ⅄
| |
| Ʇ
| |
| 𐌝
| |
| Λ
| |
| V
| |
|
| |
| i
| |
| e
| |
| a
| |
| o
| |
| u
| |
| Ι
| |
| Ʇ
| |
| Ⱶ
| |
| Λ
| |
| V
| |
|
| |
| m
| |
| n
| |
| ŋ
| |
| p
| |
| b
| |
| t
| |
| d
| |
| k
| |
| g
| |
| s
| |
| z
| |
| x
| |
| f
| |
| h
| |
| r
| |
| ṡ
| |
| ċ
| |
| j
| |
| y
| |
| w
| |
| Γ
| |
| F
| |
| E
| |
| T
| |
| Ŧ
| |
| Ⴙ
| |
| Ⴌ
| |
| Ⴈ
| |
| ꟻ
| |
| X
| |
| Ӿ
| |
| ⵅ
| |
| Y
| |
| ⅄
| |
| Ш
| |
| ⵡ
| |
| Η
| |
| Π
| |
| ᗐ
| |
| ᗑ
| |
|
| |
| | /p/ 田 field peve
| |
| | /b/ 肉 buso meat
| |
| | /β/
| |
| !
| |
| | /d/
| |
| !
| |
| | /z/ 厂 zesi cliff
| |
| !
| |
| | /k/
| |
| !
| |
| | /h/
| |
| !
| |
| | /i/
| |
| | /e/
| |
| | /ä/
| |
| | /o/ 牛 otu cow
| |
| | /ɯ/ 几 uto chair
| |
|
| |
| 弓 bow kofu
| |
| 犬 dog ubo
| |
| 瓜 melon, gourd, squash ovu
| |
| 瓦 pottery
| |
| 屮 puhevu left hand
| |
| 矛 spear, lance kevu
| |
| 竹 bamboo nesi
| |
| 缶 pot, jar
| |
| 网 net
| |
| 羊 sheep, goat
| |
| 耒 plow
| |
| 臼 mortar
| |
| 舟 dugout
| |
| 艸 grass
| |
| 谷 valley
| |
| 豆 bean, pea
| |
| 車 cart
| |
| 金 gold
| |
| 韭 garlic
| |
|
| |
| tike貝, shellfish
| |
| rufi, cave
| |
| tutofo 禾, grain, cereal
| |
|
| |
| ⴺ E — < = Ϙ Џ Ⴃ L V A Ɐ ∆ ⛛ 𐌂 Ұ Δ ∆
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:1300px;"
| |
| ! POA
| |
| ! colspan="4" | labial
| |
| |
| |
| ! colspan="3" | dental
| |
| |
| |
| ! colspan="4" | alveolar
| |
| |
| |
| ! colspan="1" | post-<br>alveolar
| |
| |
| |
| ! colspan="2" | palato-<br>alveolar
| |
| |
| |
| ! colspan="1" | palatal
| |
| |
| |
| ! colspan="4" | velar
| |
| |
| |
| ! colspan="1" | glottal
| |
| |
| |
| ! colspan="5" | vowels
| |
| |-
| |
| ! IPA
| |
| | <center>/m/</center>
| |
| | /p/
| |
| | /b/
| |
| | /ɸ/
| |
| !
| |
| | /n/
| |
| | /t/
| |
| | /d/
| |
| !
| |
| | /s/ (/θ/)
| |
| | /z/ (/ð/)
| |
| | /ɾ/ (/ʁ/)
| |
| | /ʦ/
| |
| !
| |
| | /ʃ/
| |
| !
| |
| | /ʧ/
| |
| | /ʤ/
| |
| !
| |
| | /j/
| |
| !
| |
| | /k/
| |
| | /g/
| |
| | /ŋ/
| |
| | /w/
| |
| !
| |
| | /h/
| |
| !
| |
| | /i/
| |
| | /e/
| |
| | /ä/
| |
| | /o/
| |
| | /u/ (/ɯ/)
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Latin
| |
| | m
| |
| | p
| |
| | b
| |
| | f
| |
| !
| |
| | n
| |
| | t
| |
| | d
| |
| !
| |
| | s
| |
| | z
| |
| | r
| |
| | ṡ
| |
| !
| |
| | x
| |
| !
| |
| | ċ
| |
| | j
| |
| !
| |
| | y
| |
| !
| |
| | k
| |
| | g
| |
| | ŋ
| |
| | w
| |
| !
| |
| | h
| |
| !
| |
| | i
| |
| | e
| |
| | a
| |
| | o
| |
| | u
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Fudasi
| |
| | ꟻ
| |
| | Γ
| |
| | F
| |
| | Ⴈ
| |
| !
| |
| | Ʇ
| |
| | T
| |
| | Ŧ
| |
| !
| |
| | Ⴙ
| |
| | Ⴌ
| |
| | Ⴞ
| |
| | Ɥ
| |
| !
| |
| | Ш
| |
| !
| |
| | Y
| |
| | Ұ
| |
| !
| |
| | Η
| |
| !
| |
| | V
| |
| | Ɐ
| |
| | Λ
| |
| | A
| |
| !
| |
| | Π
| |
| !
| |
| | 𐌝
| |
| | 𐌂
| |
| | ⅄
| |
| | ∆
| |
| | ⛛
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Devanagari
| |
| | म
| |
| | प
| |
| | ब
| |
| | फ
| |
| !
| |
| | न
| |
| | त
| |
| | ड
| |
| !
| |
| | स
| |
| | स़
| |
| | र
| |
| | त्स
| |
| !
| |
| | श
| |
| !
| |
| | च
| |
| | ज
| |
| !
| |
| | य
| |
| !
| |
| | क
| |
| | ग
| |
| | ङ
| |
| | व
| |
| !
| |
| | ह
| |
| !
| |
| | इ
| |
| | ए
| |
| | अ
| |
| | ओ
| |
| | उ
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Mapabafa
| |
| | m
| |
| | 日
| |
| | 男
| |
| | f
| |
| !
| |
| | 目
| |
| | 木
| |
| | d
| |
| !
| |
| | s
| |
| | z
| |
| | 火
| |
| | 心
| |
| !
| |
| | 月
| |
| !
| |
| | ċ
| |
| | 血
| |
| !
| |
| | y
| |
| !
| |
| | 花
| |
| | 舌
| |
| | 止
| |
| | 山
| |
| !
| |
| | 母
| |
| !
| |
| | 天
| |
| | 石
| |
| | a
| |
| | o
| |
| | u
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Latin
| |
| | m
| |
| | n
| |
| | ŋ
| |
| !
| |
| | p
| |
| | b
| |
| | t
| |
| | d
| |
| | k
| |
| | g
| |
| !
| |
| | s
| |
| | z
| |
| | x
| |
| !
| |
| | f
| |
| | h
| |
| !
| |
| | r
| |
| !
| |
| | ṡ
| |
| | ċ
| |
| | j
| |
| !
| |
| | y
| |
| | w
| |
| !
| |
| | i
| |
| | e
| |
| | a
| |
| | o
| |
| | u
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Name
| |
| | ma
| |
| | na
| |
| | ŋa
| |
| !
| |
| | pa
| |
| | ba
| |
| | ta
| |
| | da
| |
| | ka
| |
| | ga
| |
| !
| |
| | sa/þa
| |
| | za/ða
| |
| | xa
| |
| !
| |
| | fa
| |
| | ha
| |
| !
| |
| | ra
| |
| !
| |
| | ṡa
| |
| | ċa
| |
| | ja
| |
| !
| |
| | ya
| |
| | wa
| |
| !
| |
| | i
| |
| | e
| |
| | a
| |
| | o
| |
| | u
| |
| |}
| |
