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|bg=#9966CC | |bg=#9966CC | ||
|name=Ossmalic | |name=Ossmalic | ||
|native= | |native=мэ́ӈ оссэма́л | ||
|pronounce=[ | |pronounce=[ˈmə́ŋ òs.ˈsmál] | ||
|in=Ossmal | |in=Ossmal | ||
|script=Sealbone Script | |script=Sealbone Script | ||
Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
|creator=[[User:Ahzoh|Malcolm G. Holborne]]}} | |creator=[[User:Ahzoh|Malcolm G. Holborne]]}} | ||
28 consonants: | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ Consonant phonemes of Ossmalic | |+ Consonant phonemes of Ossmalic | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | | ! style="width: 7em;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" | | ||
! rowspan="2" | Labial | ! style="width: 3.5em;" rowspan="2" | Labial | ||
! colspan="2" | Coronal | ! colspan="2" | Coronal | ||
! rowspan="2" | Palatal | ! style="width: 3.5em;" rowspan="2" | Palatal | ||
! colspan="2" | Velar | ! colspan="2" | Velar | ||
|- | |- | ||
! hard | ! style="width: 3.5em;" | hard | ||
! soft | ! style="width: 3.5em;" | soft | ||
! hard | ! style="width: 3.5em;" | hard | ||
! soft | ! style="width: 3.5em;" | soft | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Nasal | ! colspan="2" | Nasal | ||
Line 33: | Line 35: | ||
| '''нь''' /n̪ʲ/ | | '''нь''' /n̪ʲ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | '''ӈ''' /ŋ/ | ||
| | | '''ӈь''' /ŋʲ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=" | ! rowspan="3" | Stop | ||
! voiceless | ! voiceless | ||
| '''п''' /p/ | | '''п''' /p/ | ||
Line 44: | Line 46: | ||
| '''к''' /k/ | | '''к''' /k/ | ||
| '''кь''' /kʲ/ | | '''кь''' /kʲ/ | ||
|- | |||
! aspirated | |||
| '''пх''' /pʰ/ | |||
| '''тх''' /t̪ʰ/ | |||
| '''тхь''' /t̪ʲʰ/ | |||
| | |||
| '''кх''' /kʰ/ | |||
| '''кхь''' /kʲʰ/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| ''' | | '''мп''' /b/ | ||
| ''' | | '''нт''' /d̪/ | ||
| ''' | | '''нть''' /d̪ʲ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| ''' | | '''ӈк''' /g/ | ||
| ''' | | '''ӈкь''' /gʲ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Fricative | ! colspan="2" | Fricative | ||
Line 57: | Line 67: | ||
| '''с''' /s/ | | '''с''' /s/ | ||
| '''сь''' /sʲ/ | | '''сь''' /sʲ/ | ||
| | | rowspan="2" | '''і''' /j/ | ||
| '''х''' /x/ | | '''х''' /x/ | ||
| '''хь''' /xʲ/ | | '''хь''' /xʲ/ | ||
Line 64: | Line 74: | ||
| '''л''' /l/ | | '''л''' /l/ | ||
| '''ль''' /lʲ/ | | '''ль''' /lʲ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;" | {|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+ | |+Monophthongs | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Type | ! style="width: 3em;" | Type | ||
! Front | ! style="width: 3.4em;" | Front | ||
! Back | ! style="width: 3.4em;" | Central | ||
! style="width: 3.4em;" | Back | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Close | !Close | ||
| '''и''' /i/ | | '''и''' /i/ | ||
| rowspan="2" | '''э''' /ə~ɨ/ | |||
| '''у''' /u/ | | '''у''' /u/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 87: | Line 97: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Open | !Open | ||
|colspan= | |colspan=3| '''а''' /a/ | ||
|- | |||
|} | |} | ||
{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;" | |||
:'' | |+Diphthongs | ||
:'' | |- | ||
:'' | ! style="width: 6em;" | Type | ||
! style="width: 3em;" | Front | |||
:'' | ! style="width: 3em;" | Back | ||
:'' | |- | ||
:'' | !Mid Falling | ||
| '''іе''' /i̯e/ | |||
| '''во''' /u̯o/ | |||
|- | |||
!Open Falling | |||
| '''іа''' /i̯a/ | |||
| '''ва''' /u̯a/ | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters: | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Tones Inferred by Consonants | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 7em;" | Consonant | |||
! style="width: 5em;" | High | |||
! style="width: 5em;" | Low | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="9" | Stop | |||
! rowspan="3" | Plain | |||
| '''па''' /pá/ | |||
| '''ба''' /pà/ | |||
|- | |||
| '''та''' /t̪á/ | |||
| '''да''' /t̪à/ | |||
|- | |||
| '''ка''' /ká/ | |||
| '''га''' /kà/ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" | Aspirated | |||
| '''пха''' /pʰá/ | |||
| '''бха''' /pʰà/ | |||
|- | |||
| '''тха''' /t̪ʰá/ | |||
| '''дха''' /t̪ʰà/ | |||
|- | |||
| '''кха''' /kʰá/ | |||
| '''гха''' /kʰà/ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" | Voiced | |||
| '''мпа''' /bá/ | |||
| '''мба''' /bà/ | |||
|- | |||
| '''нта''' /d̪á/ | |||
| '''нда''' /d̪à/ | |||
|- | |||
| '''ӈка''' /gá/ | |||
| '''ӈга''' /gà/ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Fricative | |||
| '''са''' /sá/ | |||
| '''за''' /sà/ | |||
|- | |||
| '''ха''' /xá/ | |||
| '''һа''' /xà/ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="4" | Sonorant | |||
| '''мха''' /má/ | |||
| '''ма''' /mà/ | |||
|- | |||
| '''нха''' /n̪á/ | |||
| '''на''' /n̪à/ | |||
|- | |||
| '''ӈха''' /ŋá/ | |||
| '''ӈа''' /ŋà/ | |||
|- | |||
| '''лха''' /lá/ | |||
| '''ла''' /là/ | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
Tone possibly indicated on vowels instead: | |||
:'''а́ е́ и́ э́ о́ у́''' | |||
:'''а̀ ѐ ѝ э̀ о̀ у̀''' | |||
Animate: | |||
:''ма̀дсьаі'' "human" [sg], ''???'' "people" [pl] | |||
:''сьо́лаі'' "river" [sg], ''???'' "rivers" [pl] | |||
:''хва́лаі'' "horse" [sg], ''???'' "horses" [pl] | |||
:''кхьва́наі'' "god" [sg], ''???'' "gods" [pl] | |||
:''дэ̀лхаі'' ??? [sg] | |||
Inanimate: | |||
:''сэма́л'' "mountain" [sg], ''сэма̀ль'' "mountains" [pl] | |||
:''сьо́л'' "lake" [sg], ''сьо́ль'' "lakes" [pl] | |||
:''ду̀д'' "house" [sg], ''ду̀дь'' "houses" [pl] | |||
:''мэ́ӈ'' "language" [sg], ''мэ̀ӈь'' "languages" [pl] | |||
===Adjective prefixes=== | |||
====Colours==== | |||
:''маг-'' "black, dark" | |||
:''ос-'' "white, light" | |||
:''тьил-'' "immoral, wicked, evil" | |||
</big> | </big> |
Latest revision as of 21:28, 15 February 2024
Ossmalic
Ossmalic мэ́ӈ оссэма́л | |
---|---|
Pronounced: | [ˈmə́ŋ òs.ˈsmál] |
Spoken: | Ossmal |
Writing system: | Sealbone Script |
Genealogy: | Language isolate |
Typology | |
Morphological type: | ??? |
Morphosyntactic alignment: | ergative-absolutive |
Basic word order: | VSO |
Credits | |
Creator: | Malcolm G. Holborne |
28 consonants:
Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
hard | soft | hard | soft | ||||
Nasal | м /m/ | н /n̪/ | нь /n̪ʲ/ | ӈ /ŋ/ | ӈь /ŋʲ/ | ||
Stop | voiceless | п /p/ | т /t̪/ | ть /t̪ʲ/ | к /k/ | кь /kʲ/ | |
aspirated | пх /pʰ/ | тх /t̪ʰ/ | тхь /t̪ʲʰ/ | кх /kʰ/ | кхь /kʲʰ/ | ||
voiced | мп /b/ | нт /d̪/ | нть /d̪ʲ/ | ӈк /g/ | ӈкь /gʲ/ | ||
Fricative | в /ʋ/ | с /s/ | сь /sʲ/ | і /j/ | х /x/ | хь /xʲ/ | |
Approximant | л /l/ | ль /lʲ/ |
Type | Front | Central | Back |
---|---|---|---|
Close | и /i/ | э /ə~ɨ/ | у /u/ |
Mid | е /e/ | о /o/ | |
Open | а /a/ |
Type | Front | Back |
---|---|---|
Mid Falling | іе /i̯e/ | во /u̯o/ |
Open Falling | іа /i̯a/ | ва /u̯a/ |
Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters:
Consonant | High | Low | |
---|---|---|---|
Stop | Plain | па /pá/ | ба /pà/ |
та /t̪á/ | да /t̪à/ | ||
ка /ká/ | га /kà/ | ||
Aspirated | пха /pʰá/ | бха /pʰà/ | |
тха /t̪ʰá/ | дха /t̪ʰà/ | ||
кха /kʰá/ | гха /kʰà/ | ||
Voiced | мпа /bá/ | мба /bà/ | |
нта /d̪á/ | нда /d̪à/ | ||
ӈка /gá/ | ӈга /gà/ | ||
Fricative | са /sá/ | за /sà/ | |
ха /xá/ | һа /xà/ | ||
Sonorant | мха /má/ | ма /mà/ | |
нха /n̪á/ | на /n̪à/ | ||
ӈха /ŋá/ | ӈа /ŋà/ | ||
лха /lá/ | ла /là/ |
Tone possibly indicated on vowels instead:
- а́ е́ и́ э́ о́ у́
- а̀ ѐ ѝ э̀ о̀ у̀
Animate:
- ма̀дсьаі "human" [sg], ??? "people" [pl]
- сьо́лаі "river" [sg], ??? "rivers" [pl]
- хва́лаі "horse" [sg], ??? "horses" [pl]
- кхьва́наі "god" [sg], ??? "gods" [pl]
- дэ̀лхаі ??? [sg]
Inanimate:
- сэма́л "mountain" [sg], сэма̀ль "mountains" [pl]
- сьо́л "lake" [sg], сьо́ль "lakes" [pl]
- ду̀д "house" [sg], ду̀дь "houses" [pl]
- мэ́ӈ "language" [sg], мэ̀ӈь "languages" [pl]
Adjective prefixes
Colours
- маг- "black, dark"
- ос- "white, light"
- тьил- "immoral, wicked, evil"