Veslovian/Phonology: Difference between revisions

From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
(Created page with "== Northern dialect == {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" | ! Labial ! Alveolar ! Palatal ! Velar ! Glottal |- ! colspan="2" | Nasal | {{IPA|/m/}}<br>⟨m⟩ | {{IPA|/n/}}<br>...")
 
 
(6 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
== Northern dialect ==
== Northern dialect ==
=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |
Line 26: Line 27:
| {{IPA|/b/}}<br>⟨b⟩
| {{IPA|/b/}}<br>⟨b⟩
| {{IPA|/d/}}<br>⟨d⟩
| {{IPA|/d/}}<br>⟨d⟩
| {{IPA|/c/}}<br>⟨ď⟩
| {{IPA|/ɟ/}}<br>⟨ď⟩
| {{IPA|/ɡ/}}<br>⟨ɡ⟩
| {{IPA|/ɡ/}}<br>⟨g⟩
|
|
|-
|-
Line 44: Line 45:
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | Fricative
! Voiceless
| {{IPA|/f/}}<br>⟨f⟩
| {{IPA|/s/}}<br>⟨s⟩
| {{IPA|/ʃ/}}<br>⟨š⟩
| {{IPA|/x/}}<br>⟨ch⟩
|
|-
! Voiced
| {{IPA|/v/}}<br>⟨v⟩
| {{IPA|/z/}}<br>⟨z⟩
| {{IPA|/ʒ/}}<br>⟨ž⟩
|
| {{IPA|/ɦ/}}<br>⟨h⟩
|-
! rowspan="2" | Trill
! Plain
|
| {{IPA|/r/}}<br>⟨r⟩
|
|
|
|-
! Fricative
|
| {{IPA|/r̝/}}<br>⟨ř⟩
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Approximant
|
| {{IPA|/l/}}<br>⟨l⟩
| {{IPA|/j/}}
|
|
|}
=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Back
! colspan="2" | Central
! colspan="2" | Front
|-
! Short
! Long
! Short
! Long
! Short
! Long
|-
! Close
| {{IPA|/ɪ/}}
| {{IPA|/iː/}}
|
|
| {{IPA|/u/}}
| {{IPA|/uː/}}
|-
! Mid
| {{IPA|/ɛ/}}
| {{IPA|/ɛː/}}
|
|
| {{IPA|/ɔ/}}
| {{IPA|/ɔː/}}
|-
! Open
|
|
| {{IPA|/a/}}
| {{IPA|/aː/}}
|
|
|}
=== Stress ===
Words are stressed in the first syllable, except when a preposition precedes a noun or adjective, the preposition was stressed instead (''<u>Mra</u>kovr'' → ''<u>jí</u> Mrakoverž'' "Marcover, in Marcover (cf. Maribor)").
== Alterations ==
=== Lengthening ===
When followed by syllables historically containing yers (''*-ь-'' or ''*-ъ-'') that later deleted, the vowels except yers itself are lengthened, or become diphthongs instead.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Northern
! colspan="2" | Southern
|-
! Short grade
! Long grade
! Short grade
! Long grade
|-
| ''a''
| ''á''
| ''a''
| ''á''
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''e''
| ''é''
| rowspan="3" | ''e''
| ''é''
|-
| ''í''
| ''ẹ́''
|-
| ''ě''
| rowspan="2" | ''í''
| ''é''
|-
| ''i''
| ''i''
| ''í''
|-
| ''o''
| ''ů''
| ''o''
| ''ọ́''
|-
| ''u''
| ''ou''
| ''u''
| ''ú''
|}
== Phonetic developments ==
=== Middle Proto-Germanic to Proto-South Germanic ===
* Reversal of certain fricatives developed by [[wikipedia:Grimm's law|Grimm's law]]. The phonemes ''*h'' including Grimm devoiced ones are still preserved (''*h'' and ''*x'' only differ in notation as it mimics the Proto-Slavic one). Consonant clusters are similarly affected, but often in complex ways.
{| class="wikitable"
! Proto-Germanic
| colspan="2" | ''*f''
| colspan="2" | ''*h''
| ''*þ''
|-
! Proto-South Germanic
| colspan="2" | ''*p''
| colspan="2" | ''*x'', ''*š''
| ''*t''
|-
! Proto-Germanic
| ''*fs''
| ''*ft''
| ''*hs''
| ''*ht''
| ''*ss''
|-
! Proto-South Germanic
| ''*s'' (< ''*ps'')
| ''*t'' (< ''*pt'')
| ''*š'' (< ''*ks'')
| ''*ť'' (< ''*kt'')
| ''*s'' (< ''*ss'')
|}
* Irregular late Proto-South Germanic form of second person singular ending ''*-ešь'' was formed by analogy with the corresponding Proto-Slavic counterpart ''*-eši''.
* [[wikipedia:Slavic first palatalization|First palatalization]]: palatalizations of velars before ''*-i-'', ''*-ī-'', ''*-e-'' and ''*-ē-''.
{| class="wikitable"
! Unpalatalized
| ''-k-''
| ''-g-''
| ''-x-''
|-
! Palatalized
| ''-č-''
| ''-ž-''
| ''-š-''
|}
* [[wikipedia:Slavic second palatalization|Second palatalization]]: palatalizations of velars before ''*-ai-''. However, the outcomes are not uniform.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Unpalatalized
| ''-k-''
| ''-g-''
| ''-x-''
|-
! rowspan="3" | Palatalized
! Northern
| ''-c-''
| ''-dz-''
| ''-š-''
|-
! Western
| ''-c-''
| ''-dz-''
| ''-š-''
|-
! Southern
| ''-c-''
| ''-z-''
| ''-s-''
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 02:20, 3 January 2022

Northern dialect

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal /m/
⟨m⟩ 		/n/
⟨n⟩ 		/ɲ/
⟨ň⟩
Plosive Voiceless /p/
⟨p⟩ 		/t/
⟨t⟩ 		/c/
⟨ť⟩ 		/k/
⟨k⟩
Voiced /b/
⟨b⟩ 		/d/
⟨d⟩ 		/ɟ/
⟨ď⟩ 		/ɡ/
⟨g⟩
Affricate Voiceless /ts/
⟨c⟩ 		/tʃ/
⟨č⟩
Voiced /dz/
⟨dz⟩ 		/dʒ/
⟨dž⟩
Fricative Voiceless /f/
⟨f⟩ 		/s/
⟨s⟩ 		/ʃ/
⟨š⟩ 		/x/
⟨ch⟩
Voiced /v/
⟨v⟩ 		/z/
⟨z⟩ 		/ʒ/
⟨ž⟩ 		/ɦ/
⟨h⟩
Trill Plain /r/
⟨r⟩
Fricative /r̝/
⟨ř⟩
Approximant /l/
⟨l⟩ 		/j/

Vowels

Back Central Front
Short Long Short Long Short Long
Close /ɪ/ /iː/ /u/ /uː/
Mid /ɛ/ /ɛː/ /ɔ/ /ɔː/
Open /a/ /aː/

Stress

Words are stressed in the first syllable, except when a preposition precedes a noun or adjective, the preposition was stressed instead (Mrakovr → jí Mrakoverž "Marcover, in Marcover (cf. Maribor)").

Alterations

Lengthening

When followed by syllables historically containing yers (*-ь- or *-ъ-) that later deleted, the vowels except yers itself are lengthened, or become diphthongs instead.

Northern Southern
Short grade Long grade Short grade Long grade
a á a á
e é e é
í ẹ́
ě í é
i i í
o ů o ọ́
u ou u ú

Phonetic developments

Middle Proto-Germanic to Proto-South Germanic

  • Reversal of certain fricatives developed by Grimm's law. The phonemes *h including Grimm devoiced ones are still preserved (*h and *x only differ in notation as it mimics the Proto-Slavic one). Consonant clusters are similarly affected, but often in complex ways.
Proto-Germanic *f *h *þ
Proto-South Germanic *p *x, *š *t
Proto-Germanic *fs *ft *hs *ht *ss
Proto-South Germanic *s (< *ps) *t (< *pt) *š (< *ks) *ť (< *kt) *s (< *ss)
  • Irregular late Proto-South Germanic form of second person singular ending *-ešь was formed by analogy with the corresponding Proto-Slavic counterpart *-eši.
  • First palatalization: palatalizations of velars before *-i-, *-ī-, *-e- and *-ē-.
Unpalatalized -k- -g- -x-
Palatalized -č- -ž- -š-
Unpalatalized -k- -g- -x-
Palatalized Northern -c- -dz- -š-
Western -c- -dz- -š-
Southern -c- -z- -s-
Retrieved from "http://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Veslovian/Phonology&oldid=145332"