Cernelian/Pronouns: Difference between revisions
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(Created page with "== Personal pronouns == {| class="wikitable" ! Case ! I ! you (sg.) ! he, she ! it ! we ! you (pl.) ! they |- ! Nominative | ''mnie'' | ''śnie'' | ''ję'' | ''sie'' | ''mie''...") |
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| ''sien'' | | ''sien'' | ||
| ''jenie'' | | ''jenie'' | ||
| ''się'' | | rowspan="2" | ''się'' | ||
| ''miedzie'' | | ''miedzie'' | ||
| ''ciedzie'' | | ''ciedzie'' | ||
| ''niedzie'' | | ''niedzie'' | ||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| ''mny'' | |||
| ''sny'' | |||
| ''jenię'' | |||
| ''miedzię'' | |||
| ''ciedzię'' | |||
| ''niedzię'' | |||
|- | |||
! Dative | |||
| ''mieną'' | |||
| ''sieną'' | |||
| ''jenię'' | |||
| ''sią'' | |||
| ''mią'' | |||
| ''cią'' | |||
| ''nią'' | |||
|- | |||
! Locative | |||
| ''miencho'' | |||
| ''siencho'' | |||
| ''jeniesie'' | |||
| ''śnie'' | |||
| ''misie'' | |||
| ''cisie'' | |||
| ''ńnie'' | |||
|- | |||
! Ablative | |||
| ''miensto'' | |||
| ''siensto'' | |||
| ''jenieście'' | |||
| ''ście'' | |||
| ''miście'' | |||
| ''ciście'' | |||
| ''ńcie'' | |||
|- | |||
! Instrumental | |||
| ''miennie'' | |||
| ''siennie'' | |||
| ''jenie'' | |||
| ''śnie'' | |||
| ''minie'' | |||
| ''cinie'' | |||
| ''ńnie'' | |||
|- | |||
! Vocative | |||
| | |||
| ''siencho'' | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ''cisie'' | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
''Sie'' and ''nie'' are the only nominals with irregular locative and ablative forms, reflecting earlier Proto-Finnic formation of two cases as essive ''*-na'' and partitive ''*-ta'', which normally attached to ''*-s-'' to form ''*-ssa'' and ''*-sta'', respectively. Earlier ''*je'' "they" was replaced by ''nie'' by homophony with ''ję'' "he, she". Note unusual initial ''ń-'' in some forms of ''nie''. | |||
== Interrogative pronouns == | |||
=== What === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! colspan="2" | | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Nominative | |||
| colspan="4" style="border-bottom:0" | ''mcze'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Accusative | |||
! Inanimate | |||
|- | |||
! Animate | |||
| rowspan="2" | ''mięcze'' | |||
| style="border-top:0" | | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Genitive | |||
| ''mdziącze'' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Dative | |||
| colspan="2" | ''mią'' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Locative | |||
| ''msze'' | |||
| ''misze'' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Ablative | |||
| ''mstó'' | |||
| ''misto'' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Instrumental | |||
| ''mnie'' | |||
| ''minie'' | |||
|} | |||
=== Who === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! colspan="2" | | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Nominative | |||
| colspan="4" style="border-bottom:0" | ''kkó'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Accusative | |||
! Inanimate | |||
|- | |||
! Animate | |||
| rowspan="2" | ''kiko'' | |||
| style="border-top:0" | | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Genitive | |||
| ''kdziąko'' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Dative | |||
| colspan="2" | ''kią'' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Locative | |||
| ''kchó'' | |||
| ''kiejsze'' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Ablative | |||
| ''kstó'' | |||
| ''kiejsto'' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Instrumental | |||
| ''knie'' | |||
| ''kiejnie'' | |||
|} | |} | ||
Latest revision as of 05:18, 28 October 2021
Personal pronouns
| Case | I | you (sg.) | he, she | it | we | you (pl.) | they |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | mnie | śnie | ję | sie | mie | cie | nie |
| Accusative | mien | sien | jenie | się | miedzie | ciedzie | niedzie |
| Genitive | mny | sny | jenię | miedzię | ciedzię | niedzię | |
| Dative | mieną | sieną | jenię | sią | mią | cią | nią |
| Locative | miencho | siencho | jeniesie | śnie | misie | cisie | ńnie |
| Ablative | miensto | siensto | jenieście | ście | miście | ciście | ńcie |
| Instrumental | miennie | siennie | jenie | śnie | minie | cinie | ńnie |
| Vocative | siencho | cisie |
Sie and nie are the only nominals with irregular locative and ablative forms, reflecting earlier Proto-Finnic formation of two cases as essive *-na and partitive *-ta, which normally attached to *-s- to form *-ssa and *-sta, respectively. Earlier *je "they" was replaced by nie by homophony with ję "he, she". Note unusual initial ń- in some forms of nie.
Interrogative pronouns
What
| Singular | Plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | mcze | ||||
| Accusative | Inanimate | ||||
| Animate | mięcze | ||||
| Genitive | mdziącze | ||||
| Dative | mią | ||||
| Locative | msze | misze | |||
| Ablative | mstó | misto | |||
| Instrumental | mnie | minie | |||
Who
| Singular | Plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | kkó | ||||
| Accusative | Inanimate | ||||
| Animate | kiko | ||||
| Genitive | kdziąko | ||||
| Dative | kią | ||||
| Locative | kchó | kiejsze | |||
| Ablative | kstó | kiejsto | |||
| Instrumental | knie | kiejnie | |||
