Liwadi Culture: Customs: Difference between revisions
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{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" | {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" | ||
! IPA | ! IPA | ||
! /h/ | |||
! /χ/ | |||
! /ɣ/ | |||
! /w/ | ! /w/ | ||
! /o/ | ! /o/ | ||
! /u/ | ! /u/ | ||
! /k/ | ! /k/ | ||
! /g/ | ! /g/ | ||
! /ŋ/ | ! /ŋ/ | ||
! /t/ | ! /t/ | ||
! /d/ | ! /d/ | ||
! /θ/ | ! /θ/ | ||
! /ð/ | ! /ð/ | ||
! /p/ | ! /p/ | ||
! /b/ | ! /b/ | ||
! /ɸ/ | ! /ɸ/ | ||
! /β/ | ! /β/ | ||
! /s/ | |||
! /z/ | |||
! /j/ | |||
! /i/ | |||
! /e/ | ! /e/ | ||
! /ɛ/ | ! /ɛ/ | ||
! /ä/ | ! /ä/ | ||
! /n/ | |||
! /m/ | |||
! /l/ | ! /l/ | ||
! /ɾ/ | ! /ɾ/ | ||
! /ʔ/ | ! /ʔ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Latin | ! Latin | ||
| H h | |||
| ḳ | |||
| ġ | |||
| W w | | W w | ||
| O o | | O o | ||
| U u | | U u | ||
| K k | | K k | ||
| G g | | G g | ||
| Ń ń | | Ń ń | ||
| T t | | T t | ||
| D d | | D d | ||
| ṭ | | ṭ | ||
| ḍ | | ḍ | ||
| P p | | P p | ||
| B b | | B b | ||
| ṗ | | ṗ | ||
| | | ḃ | ||
| S s | |||
| Z z | |||
| Y y | |||
| I i | |||
| E e | | E e | ||
| | | ė | ||
| A a | | A a | ||
| N n | |||
| M m | |||
| L l | | L l | ||
| R r | | R r | ||
| ʻ | | ʻ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Arabic | ! Arabic | ||
| | | {{Color|red|ح}}<br>1 | ||
| | | خ | ||
| | | ݗ | ||
| | | {{Color|red|و}}<br>2 | ||
| | | ۉ | ||
| | | ۆ | ||
| ک | | {{Color|red|ک}}<br>3 | ||
| ݢ | | ݢ | ||
| گ | | گ | ||
| | | {{Color|red|ط}}<br>4 | ||
| | |||
| ط | |||
| ظ | | ظ | ||
| د | | د | ||
| ذ | | ذ | ||
| | | {{Color|red|ٮ}}<br>5 | ||
| | |||
| ٮ | |||
| ﺏ | | ﺏ | ||
| ڡ | | ڡ | ||
| ڢ | | ڢ | ||
| ه | | {{Color|red|ص}}<br>6 | ||
| | | ض | ||
| ی | |||
| ي | |||
| {{Color|red|ه}}<br>7 | |||
| | |||
| ا | | ا | ||
| | | ن | ||
| م | | م | ||
| | | {{Color|red|ل}}<br>8 | ||
| ر | | ر | ||
| ع | | ع | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Name | ! Name | ||
| | | Ha<br>حا | ||
| | | Ḳa<br>خا | ||
| | | Ġa<br>ݗا | ||
| | | Wa<br>وا | ||
| Wo<br>وۉ | |||
| | | Wu<br>وۆ | ||
| | | Kaf<br>کاڡ | ||
| | | Gaf<br>ݢاڡ | ||
| | | Ńaf<br>گاڡ | ||
| | | Tal<br>طال | ||
| | | Dal<br>ظال | ||
| | | Ṭal<br>رال | ||
| | | Ḍal<br>زال | ||
| | | Pa<br>ٮا | ||
| | | Ba<br>با | ||
| | | Ṗa<br>ڡا | ||
| | | Ḃa<br>ڢا | ||
| | | Sad<br>صاط | ||
| | | Zad<br>ضاط | ||
| | | Ya<br>ىا | ||
| | | Yi<br>ىي | ||
| | | Ye<br>ىه | ||
| | | Yė<br>ىٰ | ||
| | | Alif<br>ا | ||
| | | Nun<br>نۆن | ||
| Nun | | Mim<br>ميم | ||
| Mim | | Lam<br>لام | ||
| Lam | | Ram<br>رام | ||
| | | ʻam<br>عام | ||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
==Rites of passage - '''Hibul Ńisner''' | ==Rites of passage - '''Hibul Ńisner حيبۆل گيصنهر'''== | ||
*There is one rite of passage. | *There is one rite of passage. | ||
===Rite of Initiation - '''Ńadas Ńisen''' | ===Rite of Initiation - '''Ńadas Ńisen گاظاص گيصهن'''=== | ||
*The newborn infant is introduced to the village ('''yiʻup''' | *The newborn infant is introduced to the village ('''yiʻup ېيعۆٮ''') by being surrounded by the people. | ||
*The rite of initiation take place at dawn of the eighth day after the birth. | *The rite of initiation take place at dawn of the eighth day after the birth. | ||
===Maturation - '''Sa Hidur''' | ===Maturation - '''Sa Hidur صا حيظۆر'''=== | ||
*Maturation is reached | *Maturation is reached whet the blue color of the infant has turned to green, but there is no rite to mark this maturation. At this time the new adult is expected to share in his or her proper tasks, as much as strength permits. | ||
==Free time - '''Diʻen Wilam''' | ==Free time - '''Diʻen Wilam ظيعهن ويلام'''== | ||
*The main times for free activities are the nights and the winter. At these times, time is spent in making items for the use of the family: cooking implements, tools, clothing, ''etc''. There are games for the children to play. There is always time to tell stories. | *The main times for free activities are the nights and the winter. At these times, time is spent in making items for the use of the family: cooking implements, tools, clothing, ''etc''. There are games for the children to play. There is always time to tell stories. | ||
*There are eight lunar celebrations, the days of the full moon ('''gihup kurim''' | *There are eight lunar celebrations, the days of the full moon ('''gihup kurim ݢيحۆٮ کۆريم'''). These are days of recreation ('''niduy nulner نيظۆې نۆلنهر'''), when no work is done. | ||
*These days are celebrated with song and dance, feasting | *These days are celebrated with song and dance, feasting and various athletic competitions. | ||
==Roles - '''Ńoʻyar''' | ==Roles - '''Ńoʻyar گۉعېار'''== | ||
*The men do the hunting for meat. They work at making tools from stone, wood and bone | *The men do the hunting for meat. They work at making tools from stone, wood and bone and making leather. | ||
*The women take care of the household tasks, tend the children, care for the gardens and weave cloth. | *The women take care of the household tasks, tend the children, care for the gardens and weave cloth. | ||
==Clothing - '''Robag''' | ==Clothing - '''Robag رۉباݢ'''== | ||
*The Liwadis wear an undergarment of woven cloth, loincloth ('''ńuʻek''' | *The Liwadis wear an undergarment of woven cloth, loincloth ('''ńuʻek گۆعهک'''). | ||
*Both sexes were shirts ('''zokez''' | *Both sexes were shirts ('''zokez ضۉکهض''') and trousers ('''homen حۉمهن''') made of woven cloth or leather. | ||
*As there are no mammals, there is no fur. Fibers from various plants are woven for cloth. | *As there are no mammals, there is no fur. Fibers from various plants are woven for cloth. | ||
*Belts ('''gobip''' | *Belts ('''gobip ݢۉبيٮ''') are made of leather or woven from plant fiber. | ||
*Shoes ('''mosuk''' | *Shoes ('''mosuk مۉصۆک''') are made from leather. | ||
*Hats ('''wuras''' | *Hats ('''wuras وۆراص''') are made from leather and cloth. | ||
*Hats and shoes are lined in feathers ('''mozad''' | *Hats and shoes are lined in feathers ('''mozad مۉضاظ''') and down ('''ʻunan عۆنان''') in the winter. | ||
==Music - '''Ńuper''' | ==Music - '''Ńuper گۆٮهر'''== | ||
*The music of the Liwadis is very simple. Singing is accompanied by percussion instruments made from wood and hide, and wind instruments made from wood and reed. They do not have stringed instruments. | *The music of the Liwadis is very simple. Singing is accompanied by percussion instruments made from wood and hide, and wind instruments made from wood and reed. They do not have stringed instruments. | ||
==Hospitality - '''Hupil''' | ==Hospitality - '''Hupil حۆٮيل'''== | ||
*Travel is not frequent among the Liwadis. Villages are not close to each other and there are no inns. | *Travel is not frequent among the Liwadis. Villages are not close to each other and there are no inns. | ||
*The infrequent visitor is greeted as a welcome source of news. He is treated hospitably with food and a place to sleep. | *The infrequent visitor is greeted as a welcome source of news. He is treated hospitably with food and a place to sleep. | ||
Latest revision as of 15:00, 23 November 2021
Table of Phonemes
| IPA | /h/ | /χ/ | /ɣ/ | /w/ | /o/ | /u/ | /k/ | /g/ | /ŋ/ | /t/ | /d/ | /θ/ | /ð/ | /p/ | /b/ | /ɸ/ | /β/ | /s/ | /z/ | /j/ | /i/ | /e/ | /ɛ/ | /ä/ | /n/ | /m/ | /l/ | /ɾ/ | /ʔ/ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Latin | H h | ḳ | ġ | W w | O o | U u | K k | G g | Ń ń | T t | D d | ṭ | ḍ | P p | B b | ṗ | ḃ | S s | Z z | Y y | I i | E e | ė | A a | N n | M m | L l | R r | ʻ |
| Arabic | ح 1 |
خ | ݗ | و 2 |
ۉ | ۆ | ک 3 |
ݢ | گ | ط 4 |
ظ | د | ذ | ٮ 5 |
ﺏ | ڡ | ڢ | ص 6 |
ض | ی | ي | ه 7 |
ا | ن | م | ل 8 |
ر | ع | |
| Name | Ha حا |
Ḳa خا |
Ġa ݗا |
Wa وا |
Wo وۉ |
Wu وۆ |
Kaf کاڡ |
Gaf ݢاڡ |
Ńaf گاڡ |
Tal طال |
Dal ظال |
Ṭal رال |
Ḍal زال |
Pa ٮا |
Ba با |
Ṗa ڡا |
Ḃa ڢا |
Sad صاط |
Zad ضاط |
Ya ىا |
Yi ىي |
Ye ىه |
Yė ىٰ |
Alif ا |
Nun نۆن |
Mim ميم |
Lam لام |
Ram رام |
ʻam عام |
Rites of passage - Hibul Ńisner حيبۆل گيصنهر
- There is one rite of passage.
Rite of Initiation - Ńadas Ńisen گاظاص گيصهن
- The newborn infant is introduced to the village (yiʻup ېيعۆٮ) by being surrounded by the people.
- The rite of initiation take place at dawn of the eighth day after the birth.
Maturation - Sa Hidur صا حيظۆر
- Maturation is reached whet the blue color of the infant has turned to green, but there is no rite to mark this maturation. At this time the new adult is expected to share in his or her proper tasks, as much as strength permits.
Free time - Diʻen Wilam ظيعهن ويلام
- The main times for free activities are the nights and the winter. At these times, time is spent in making items for the use of the family: cooking implements, tools, clothing, etc. There are games for the children to play. There is always time to tell stories.
- There are eight lunar celebrations, the days of the full moon (gihup kurim ݢيحۆٮ کۆريم). These are days of recreation (niduy nulner نيظۆې نۆلنهر), when no work is done.
- These days are celebrated with song and dance, feasting and various athletic competitions.
Roles - Ńoʻyar گۉعېار
- The men do the hunting for meat. They work at making tools from stone, wood and bone and making leather.
- The women take care of the household tasks, tend the children, care for the gardens and weave cloth.
Clothing - Robag رۉباݢ
- The Liwadis wear an undergarment of woven cloth, loincloth (ńuʻek گۆعهک).
- Both sexes were shirts (zokez ضۉکهض) and trousers (homen حۉمهن) made of woven cloth or leather.
- As there are no mammals, there is no fur. Fibers from various plants are woven for cloth.
- Belts (gobip ݢۉبيٮ) are made of leather or woven from plant fiber.
- Shoes (mosuk مۉصۆک) are made from leather.
- Hats (wuras وۆراص) are made from leather and cloth.
- Hats and shoes are lined in feathers (mozad مۉضاظ) and down (ʻunan عۆنان) in the winter.
Music - Ńuper گۆٮهر
- The music of the Liwadis is very simple. Singing is accompanied by percussion instruments made from wood and hide, and wind instruments made from wood and reed. They do not have stringed instruments.
Hospitality - Hupil حۆٮيل
- Travel is not frequent among the Liwadis. Villages are not close to each other and there are no inns.
- The infrequent visitor is greeted as a welcome source of news. He is treated hospitably with food and a place to sleep.
