User:Masako/naho/tatse: Difference between revisions

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= Introduction =


* '''na''' - I; me [1sg] - nkalo [z]
'''Amal''' is meant to be a personal (or [[wp:Artistic_language|artistic]]) conlang and despite appearances and structure is not intended as an IAL. Amal is phonologically inspired by [[wp:Semitic_languages|Semitic languages]] but incorporates aspects and lemma of numerous natural languages, in an effort to be euphonious and easy to use/learn.
* '''ta''' - you [2sg] - nkalo [z]
 
* '''ha''' - she; he [3sg] - nkalo [z]
'''Amal''' is an [[wp:Agglutination|agglutinative language]]. Its vocabulary consists of basic roots which can be extended into different parts of speech, their meaning changed or modified, with various suffixes. Most of the suffixes are optional, so that there is a choice of what sort of information to convey with a given word.
* '''tla''' - it [4sg] - nkalo [z]
 
* '''''' - -  
= Phonology =
* '''na'am''' - we (but not you) [1pl.excl] - nkalo [x]
 
* '''kam''' - they; them [3pl] - nkalo [x] [z]
== Consonants ==
* '''''' - -  
 
* '''anku / -nku''' - reciprocate; reciprocal [RECP] - nkalo / eka [q]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 600px;"
* '''eke / e-''' - object [in grammar]; patient [P] - nkalo / eka [q]
|+ '''consonants'''
* '''ki / -i / -ki''' - reflexive [REFL]; self [essence] - nkalo / eka [z]
|-
* '''yoha / -yo''' - have; possess [POSS]; genitive [GEN] - nkalo / eka [q]
<!-- Heading row -->
* '''''' - -  
!
* '''itla / i-''' - this (near me) [prox] - nkalo / eka
!Bilabial
* '''uatla / ua-''' - that (by you) [med] - nkalo / eka
!Alveolar
* '''yetla / ye-''' - that (over there) [dist] - nkalo / eka
!Palatal
* '''''' -  -
!Velar
* '''''' -  -
!Labiovelar
* '''''' - -  
!Glottal
* '''ye'o''' - zero; 0 - uku
|- align="center" <!-- Stops -->
* '''na'o''' - one; 1 - uku
! Plosives
* '''ta'o / -tao''' - two; 2; pair of; both - uku / eka
| {{IPA|p &nbsp; b}}
* '''ha'o''' - three; 3 - uku
| {{IPA|t &nbsp; d}}
* '''ma'o''' - four; 4 - uku
|
* '''ya'o''' - five; 5 - uku
| {{IPA|k &nbsp; g}}
* '''tsa'o''' - six; 6 - uku
|
* '''ka'o''' - seven; 7 - uku
| {{IPA|ʔ}}
* '''pa'o''' - eight; 8 - uku
|- align="center"
* '''sa'o''' - nine; 9 - uku
! Nasals
* '''''' -  -
| {{IPA|m}}
* '''ue'o''' - ten; 10 - uku
| {{IPA|n}}
* '''nye'o''' - hundred; 100 - uku
|
* '''nya'o''' - five hundred; 500 - uku
|
* '''tle'o''' - thousand; 1000 - uku
|
* '''mue'o''' - ten thousand; 10^4 - uku
|
* '''kye'o''' - hundred thousand ; 10^5 - uku
|- align="center"
* '''nte'o''' - million; 10^6 - uku
! Fricatives
* '''hue'o''' - billion; 10^9 - uku
|
* '''''' -  -
| {{IPA|s}}
* '''''' -  -
| {{IPA|ʃ}}
* '''''' -  -
| {{IPA|x}}
* '''akai / -kai''' - deep red - sahi / eka [x]
|
* '''tsampi''' - pale; wan - sahi
|
* '''sahi / -si''' - color; hue; shade - sahi / eka [q]
|- align="center"
* '''malo''' - brown - sahi
! Approximants
* '''tsalo''' - clear; transparent - sahi
|
* '''aoya''' - deep blue - sahi [x]
| {{IPA|l}}
* '''ketla''' - red - sahi [q]
| {{IPA|j}}
* '''tlila''' - purple - sahi
|
* '''nila''' - blue - sahi [q]
| {{IPA|w}}
* '''kinya''' - silver; coins - sahi [q]
| {{IPA|h~ɦ}}
* '''ola''' - gold - sahi [q]
|-
* '''mono''' - blonde; fair - sahi
! Trill
* '''kono''' - gray; stone; ash - sahi [q]
|
* '''oya''' - black - sahi [q]
| align="center"|{{IPA|r~ɹ}}
* '''kuya''' - green; foliage; verdant - sahi [q]
|
* '''yana''' - yellow; saffron - sahi [q]
|
* '''nyahi''' - white; snow - sahi [q]
|
* '''nyeli''' - pink; rose - sahi
|
* '''elila''' - pink; rose - sahi [x]
|}
* '''nyome''' - beige; tan; khaki - sahi
 
* '''tsenka''' - orange  [fruit; tree; color] - sahi
<small>Note: The glottal stop /ʔ/ '''q''', is used as a "buffer" to keep vowels apart when adding suffixes. /x/ and /h~ɦ/ are actually allophones.</small>
* '''kitsa''' - dark; darkly; darkness - sahi
 
* '''''' -  -
=== Spelling ===
* '''''' -  -
 
* '''''' -  -
* /ʔ/ is written as '''q'''
* '''mpa / -mpa''' - many; much; a lot of - am / eka [z]
* /ʃ/ always as '''sh'''  
* '''tatli / tli-''' - collective plural [COL]; group; pack - am / eka [q]
* /h~ɦ/ as '''h'''
* '''mpe / -mpe''' - but; only; merely; just - am / eka [z]
* /j/ as '''y'''
* '''mi / -mi''' - few; small amount; handful - am / eka [z]
 
* '''oli / -li''' - apiece; each; every - am / eka [q]
Latin letters that only appear in loan words include '''c, f, j, v, z'''.
* '''''' -  -
 
* '''''' -  -
=== Allophony ===
* '''''' -  -
 
* '''nata / nta''' - family member; relative - tlika / eka [q]
== Vowels ==
* '''ntaha''' - ancestor; elder - tlika [q]
 
* '''nta'i''' - baby; infant - tlika [q]
{| class="wikitable"
* '''tsonta''' - teenager; adolescent - tlika [q]
|+vowels
* '''tlaya / -ya''' - marry; in-law; wed - tlika / eka [q]
!
* '''''' -  -
!Front
* '''naka / -na''' - female; woman [fem] - tlika / eka [q]
!Central
* '''tlaka / -ta''' - male; man [masc] - tlika / eka [q]
!Back
* '''''' -  -
|- style="text-align:center;"
* '''hyanta / hya-''' - grandparent - tlika / eka [q]
!Close
* '''onta / o-''' - parent - tlika / eka [q]
|i~ɪ || || u~ʊ
* '''uenta / ue-''' - parent's sibling - tlika / eka [q]
|- style="text-align:center;"
* '''''' -  -
!Mid
* '''ntaku / -ku''' - sibling - tlika / eka [q]
|e~ɛ || || o
* '''ntahi / -hi''' - child; offspring - tlika / eka [q]
|- style="text-align:center;"
* '''ntahue / -hue''' - sibling's child [nibbling] - tlika / eka [q]
!Open
* '''ntahya / -hya''' - grandchild; descendant; heir; be ~ - tlika / eka [q]
| || a~ə ||
* '''ntaue / -ue''' - cousin - tlika / eka [q]
|}
* '''''' -  -
 
* '''konka''' - born out of wedlock; illegitimate - tlika [q]
The vowels can be marked with an acute accent — '''á, é, í, ú''' — for two purposes: to mark stress if it does not follow the most common pattern, or to differentiate words that are otherwise spelled identically.
* '''tlika''' - clan; family; kin - tlika [q]
 
* '''tlintaha''' - ancestry; lineage; pedigree - tlika [x]
=== Diphthongs ===
* '''''' -  -
 
* '''tahi''' - son; boy - tlika
== Phonotactics ==
* '''nahi''' - duaghter; girl - tlika
 
* '''taku''' - brother - tlika
=== Syllable Structure ===
* '''naku''' - sister - tlika
 
* '''tahue''' - nephew - tlika
== Roots and Word Formation ==
* '''taue''' - cousin [male] - tlika
 
* '''nahue''' - niece - tlika
=== Vowel Concordance ===
* '''naue''' - cousin [female] - tlika
 
* '''tahya''' - grandson - tlika
= Word Order =
* '''taya''' - husband; man - tlika
 
* '''ntaya''' - spouse; loved one - tlika [q]
= Nouns =
* '''nahya''' - granddaughter - tlika
 
* '''naya''' - wife; woman - tlika
== Case ==
* '''ota / tata''' - father - tlika / eka
 
* '''ona / nana''' - mother - tlika / eka
== Gender ==
* '''ueta''' - uncle - tlika
 
* '''uena''' - aunt - tlika
== Plurality ==
* '''hyata''' - grandfather - tlika
 
* '''hyana''' - grandmother - tlika
== Pronouns ==
* '''''' -  -
 
* '''''' -  -
=== Case ===
* '''''' -  -
 
* '''sanya''' - second [of time] - ama [q]
=== Direct Object Incorporation ===
* '''punu''' - minute [of time] - ama [q]
 
* '''tsima''' - hour; o'clock; time - ama [q]
=== Pronominal Suffixes ===
* '''yoma''' - day; daytime - ama [q]
 
* '''yomua''' - dawn; daybreak; morning [a.m.] - ama [q]
= Numbers =
* '''yotso ''' - midday; noon - ama [q]
* '''puama''' - afternoon; dusk; evening [p.m.] - ama [q]
* '''yohua''' - night; nighttime - ama [q]
* '''huatso''' - midnight - ama [q]
* '''sema''' - week [7 days] - ama [q]
* '''sayo''' - calendar month [19 days] - ama [q]
* '''muasa''' - season - ama [q]
* '''kueta''' - spring [season] - ama [q]
* '''natsu''' - summer - ama [q]
* '''aki''' - autumn; fall - ama [q]
* '''neku''' - winter - ama [q]
* '''anyo''' - year [365/366 days] - ama [q]
* '''uenyo''' - decade; period - ama [q]
* '''sanyo''' - era [19 years] - ama [q]
* '''nyema''' - century - ama [q]
* '''uepya''' - age; 361 years [19 sanyo] - ama [q]
* '''tsa'atli''' - epoch; 6859 years [19 uepya] - ama [x] [q]
* '''tlenyo''' - millennium - ama [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''sayoma''' - calendar; date - ama [x] [q]
* '''nkihua''' - be lengthy; be long [duration] - ama [q]
* '''kuaho''' - be short; soon [duration] - ama [q]
* '''uye''' - now and then; occasionally - ama [q]
* '''nante''' - seldom; rare - ama [q]
* '''atli / -tli''' - future; future tense [FUT] - ama / eka [q]
* '''aye / -ye''' - past; past tense [PST] - ama / eka [q]
* '''ama / -ma''' - time; moment; period - ama / eka [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''to / -to''' - manner; method; way - uatse / eka [z]
* '''ko / -ko / -tlo''' - agentive [AG]; individual; person - uatse / eka [z]
* '''mo / -mo''' - location; place; where - uatse / eka [z]
* '''no / -n''' - adverbial; thing [-ish; -ly; -ous] - uatse / eka [z]
* '''so / -so''' - kind; genus; type; category; sort; class - uatse / eka [z]
* '''ama / -ma''' - time; moment; period - uatse / eka [q]
* '''uku / -ku''' - amount; digit; number - uatse / eka [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''kua / -kua''' - everything; every; all - uatse / eka [z]
* '''nke / -nke / -k''' - negative [NEG]; no; not - uatse / eka [z]
* '''ula / -la''' - any; indefinite; some~ - uatse / eka [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''tlama''' - anytime; sometime; whenever - uatse
* '''ato''' - that way [over there] - uatse
* '''hina''' - here; this place [by me] - uatse
* '''so'o''' - that kind; type - uatse
* '''tlokua''' - everybody; everyone - uatse
* '''kuama''' - always; forever - uatse
* '''uana''' - there [by you] [MED] - uatse
* '''uano''' - other thing; something else - uatse
* '''yemua''' - there [over there] - uatse
* '''yoto''' - in this way; so; thus - uatse
* '''''' -  -
* '''amak''' - never; at no time - uatse [x]
* '''ima''' - now; present; yet; this time - uatse [q]
* '''iso''' - this kind/type - uatse
* '''iko''' - this person - uatse
* '''iku''' - this much/many - uatse
* '''sok''' - no kind - uatse [x] [z]
* '''tlok''' - no one; nobody - uatse [x] [z]
* '''tok''' - no way - uatse [x] [z]
* '''ok''' - none; nothing - uatse [x] [z]
* '''nok''' - nothing - uatse [x] [z]
* '''mok''' - nowhere - uatse [x] [z]
* '''tola''' - any way; some way - uatse
* '''sola''' - some kind - uatse
* '''kola''' - someone; anyone - uatse
* '''nola''' - something; anything - uatse
* '''mola''' - somewhere - uatse
* '''sokua''' - every kind - uatse
* '''tokua''' - every way - uatse
* '''nokua''' - everything - uatse
* '''mokua''' - everywhere - uatse
* '''uama''' - then - uatse
* '''uako''' - that person - uatse
* '''uato''' - that way [over there] - uatse
* '''uaku''' - that much/many - uatse
* '''yeso''' - that kind [obscure] - uatse
* '''yeko''' - that person [over there] - uatse
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''timu''' - east - muele [q]
* '''kita ''' - north - muele [q]
* '''kyepe''' - diagonal; sharp turn; zigzag - muele [q]
* '''mina ''' - south - muele [q]
* '''muele''' - direction; orientation - muele
* '''nato''' - straight [direction] - muele [q]
* '''nisi ''' - west - muele [q]
* '''nota''' - lie; horizon[tal] - muele
* '''noki''' - vertical; erect; upright - muele
* '''huetsi''' - compass; determine direction - muele
* '''tsuta''' - backward; reverse - muele
* '''yomo''' - right side - muele [q]
* '''yoso''' - left side - muele [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''opua / -pua''' - end; finish; complete [PFV] - uati / eka [q]
* '''nkoso / -nko''' - continue; proceed; progressive [PROG] - uati / eka
* '''mula / -mu''' - begin; initial; start [INCH] - uati / eka [q]
* '''nua / -nua''' - frequent; often; regular [FREQ] - uati / eka [z]
* '''tso''' - already; since; previous; recent - uati [z]
* '''naye''' - during; while - tatse [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''taha / -ha''' - big; large; grand [AUG] - uati / eka [q]
* '''heya / -he''' - need; necessity; require [NEC] - uati / eka [q]
* '''ahi / -hi''' - diminutive [DIM]; few; small - uati / eka [q]
* '''toho / -ho''' - assert; claim; state; declare - uati / eka
* '''ketsa / -ke''' - doubt; suspicion [dubitative DUB] - uati / eka
* '''kyolo / -kyo''' - fast; rapid; quick; velocity - uati / eka
* '''ela / -la''' - become; change into; turn into [MUT] - uati / eka [q]
* '''kume / -me''' - cancel; repeal; undo - uati / eka
* '''mala / -mpo''' - bad; be unfavorable; unpleasant - uati / eka [q]
* '''ume / -mue''' - man-made; artificial; synthetic - uati / eka
* '''muya / -mya''' - cause; do; make [CAUS] - uati / eka [q]
* '''myonta / -myo''' - allow; permit [PERM] - uati / eka [q]
* '''neya / -ne''' - ought to; suggest [PROP] - uati / eka [q]
* '''niha / -ni''' - good; pleasant; regular / منيح - uati / eka [q]
* '''pala / -pa''' - can; may; possible; able to [POT] - uati / eka [q]
* '''payo / -pao''' - crooked; warped; unbalanced - uati / eka
* '''nipo / -po''' - compel; force - uati / eka
* '''upya / -pya''' - attempt; try [ATT] - uati / eka
* '''yaso / -sue''' - prepare; get/be ready - uati / eka [q]
* '''tse'e / -tse''' - appear; seem - uati / eka
* '''tsoya / -tso''' - center; middle; mid-; half - uati / eka [q]
* '''tsipue / -tsue''' - late; delayed; slow - uati / eka
* '''ueha / -ue''' - desire; want; wish [VOL] - uati / eka
* '''ueyo / -ue''' - intend; intent; intention [VOL] - uati / eka
* '''tsua / -tsua''' - almost; nearly; more or less - uati / eka [z]
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''tala''' - return; come [back]; arrive - aka [q]
* '''tlaha''' - leave; depart - aka [q]
* '''mase''' - dance; move music; flicker [flame] - aka [q]
* '''tatsi''' - stand; set up; establish - aka [q]
* '''tapya''' - follow; accompany - aka [q]
* '''empa''' - run; flee; race - aka [q]
* '''sima ''' - sit; take a seat - aka [q]
* '''hika''' - wait; wait for - aka [q]
* '''tlina''' - stop; halt; cease - aka [q]
* '''ila''' - sail; fly; navigate - aka [q]
* '''tipua''' - decline; drop; fall - aka [q]
* '''nkoma''' - raise; hoist; rise - aka [q]
* '''topu''' - jump; bounce; hop - aka [q]
* '''moku''' - rest; sleep - aka [q]
* '''yala / -la''' - walk; go; travel - aka / eka [q]
* '''pyola''' - rotate; revolve; spin; whirl; roll - aka [q]
* '''yoko''' - swim; wade - aka [q]
* '''aka''' - drive; move slightly; shift - aka
* '''emyo''' - walk in an awkward, drunken fashion - aka
* '''tsimpa''' - be lame; limp; hobble - aka
* '''inka''' - be still; calm; quiet; not moving - aka
* '''titsua''' - swagger; walk with a wide stance - aka
* '''''' -  -
* '''pota''' - run away in fear - aka
* '''huato''' - move about; to and fro - aka
* '''kuetso''' - stroll; amble; walk leisurely - aka
* '''kyehu''' - leisure; take a break - aka
* '''nyoso''' - squat; crouch - aka
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''matla''' - broth; casserole; soup - ina
* '''tsala''' - dip; paste; sauce - ina [q]
* '''tsaki''' - chewing gum - ina
* '''tlamu''' - appetizer; side dish; easy job - ina
* '''sento''' - leftovers [food]; salad - ina
* '''tsemu''' - jam; marmalade - ina
* '''ina / -nai''' - eat; food; sustenance - ina / eka [q]
* '''sipo''' - be fat; lard; grease - ina
* '''hoka''' - custard; pudding - ina
* '''tlosa''' - almond [fruit; tree; color] - ina
* '''oka''' - bake; cook - ina
* '''sole''' - gelatin; jelly - ina
* '''soho''' - crop; harvest - ina [q]
* '''tsoko''' - cacao; chocolate - ina
* '''nokye''' - agriculture - ina
* '''kutsu / -tsu''' - flesh; meat - ina / eka [q]
* '''tsuhu''' - candy; dessert; sweets - ina [q]
* '''tsuama''' - sandwich; wrap - ina [q]
* '''uanka''' - uncooked; untreated; raw - ina
* '''uaki''' - boil; stew; simmer - ina
* '''muena''' - clams and crabs; seafood - ina
* '''huetla''' - peanut - ina
* '''pyeta''' - egg; ovum; spawn - ina [q]
* '''nyoma ''' - rice - ina [q]
* '''nyotlo''' - nut; seed - ina [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''maka''' - music; play ~; tune - maka
* '''tlapa''' - horn; wind instrument - maka
* '''aha''' - melody; tune - maka
* '''kanu''' - stringed instrument - maka
* '''apua''' - sing; song - maka [q]
* '''metla''' - flute; sound of wind; whistle - maka
* '''epye''' - scrape; scratch; play w/ bow - maka
* '''sile''' - bell; sounding of a bell as a signal - maka
* '''koti''' - beat a ~; drum; rhythm - maka
* '''koto''' - drum beat; rhythm; tempo - maka
* '''uase''' - harmonize; harmonious; harmony - maka
* '''uetla''' - an upright drum - maka
* '''uepu''' - musical score; sheet music - maka
* '''myali''' - symphony; orchestra - maka
* '''pyano''' - piano - maka
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''nkasa''' - measure; measurement - nkasa [q]
* '''hani''' - extent; range; scope; limit; spectrum - nkasa
* '''manyo''' - size; height; stature - nkasa
* '''enka''' - narrow; tight; thin - nkasa [q]
* '''etsa''' - extent; degree [temperature etc] - nkasa
* '''tisi''' - bulk; volume - nkasa
* '''soto''' - speed; rate; velocity - nkasa
* '''ueka''' - weigh; weight; measure - nkasa
* '''myena''' - extent; surface [area] - nkasa
* '''kyoli''' - spacing; distance; interval; length - nkasa [q]
* '''nkolo''' - are [unit of area] - nkasa
* '''keya''' - gram [unit of mass] - nkasa
* '''meta''' - meter [unit of length] - nkasa
* '''sena''' - liter [unit of volume] - nkasa
* '''pyasu''' - trajectory; mean; diameter - nkasa
* '''tlipya''' - pound; unit of mass (16 ounces) - nkasa
* '''''' -  -
* '''iue-''' - deci [0.1] - nkasa
* '''inye-''' - centi [0.01] - nkasa
* '''itle-''' - milli [0.001] - nkasa
* '''inte-''' - micro [0.000001] - nkasa
* '''ihue-''' - nano [0.000000001] - nkasa
* '''ue-''' - deca [10] - nkasa [z]
* '''nye-''' - hecto [100] - nkasa [z]
* '''tle-''' - kilo [1000] - nkasa [z]
* '''nte-''' - mega [1000000] - nkasa [z]
* '''hue-''' - giga [1000000000] - nkasa [z]
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''nkata''' - agree; consent; approve - kala
* '''tale''' - pronounce; pronunciation; emit sound - kala
* '''tsani''' - story; tale; tell ~ - kala
* '''halo''' - argue; debate; dispute; quibble - kala
* '''anko''' - cipher; encode - kala
* '''anue''' - tell; instruct; command - kala
* '''tsenku''' - idiom; colloquial - kala
* '''meya''' - refined language; poetic genre - kala
* '''teye''' - clause; phrase; sentence - kala
* '''peyo''' - metaphor; analogy - kala
* '''nita''' - exclaim; insert; interject - kala
* '''hite''' - inflect (in grammar); decline; conjugate - kala
* '''tiua''' - ramble incoherently; rant - kala
* '''toka''' - tone; manner of speaking; mood - kala
* '''oma''' - roar or howl; bellow of rage; yell; shout - kala
* '''koso''' - assure; guarantee - kala
* '''poya''' - complain; grumble; grievance - kala
* '''puampo''' - misinterpret; misread; misunderstand - kala
* '''uanko''' - euphemism; euphemistic - kala
* '''uakya''' - contradict; deny - kala
* '''kueti''' - accuse; charge; indict - kala
* '''myata''' - to hint at; to imply; sth hidden - kala
* '''yaku''' - translate; interpret - kala
* '''yeli''' - summarize; generalize; generalization - kala
* '''''' -  -
* '''kala / -tla''' - language; talk; say; speak - kala / eka [q]
* '''kanyo''' - question; ask; raise a question - kala [q]
* '''mila''' - word; language component; morpheme - kala [q]
* '''yaua''' - reply; answer; return; respond; echo - kala [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''kate''' - calligraphy; handwriting; penmanship - kala / moya
* '''matso''' - brushstroke; pen mark - kala / moya
* '''tatsu''' - glyph; logogram - kala / moya
* '''ete''' - pen; pencil; writing brush - kala / moya
* '''kitse''' - graffiti; scrawl; scribble - kala / moya
* '''tliua''' - novel; fiction - kala / moya
* '''yona''' - book; letter; scroll; record - kala / moya
* '''yomu''' - read; study; count; recite - kala / moya [q]
* '''kaha''' - paper; document; letter; page; site - kala / moya
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''atsa''' - disc; rotate; wheel - umpu [q]
* '''tlanke''' - oval; ellipse; ellipsoidal - umpu
* '''atsi / tsi-''' - angle; bend; corner - umpu / eka [q]
* '''tapua''' - rectangle; be square-like - umpu
* '''kena''' - circle; be circular; spherical - umpu [q]
* '''tletsa''' - column; cylinder; file - umpu
* '''netsi''' - helix; screw; spiral - umpu
* '''keso''' - image; form; figure; visualization - umpu
* '''tletso''' - prism; prismatic lens - umpu
* '''mpila''' - ball [game]; sphere - umpu
* '''mu'e''' - rhombus - umpu
* '''umpu / -mpu''' - form; shape; dimension - umpu / eka [q]
* '''uampu''' - cone; awl; bore - umpu
* '''huepu''' - apex; peak; summit - umpu
* '''yamu''' - trapezium (geometry) - umpu
* '''pyota''' - cube; block; be square - umpu
* '''pyonka''' - be parallel; parallelogram - umpu
* '''pyo'o''' - multiply by itself; square - umpu
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''pa''' - although; even though; even if - penku [z]
* '''ma / -m / -lo''' - and; also; too; as well [CONJ] - penku / eka [z]
* '''ehe [me]''' - but; yet; however - penku
* '''po''' - so; consequently; thus; as a result - penku [z]
* '''ku''' - and; too; [CONJ] [clause level] - penku [z]
* '''ua''' - or; either - penku [z]
* '''ue''' - either X or Y - penku [z]
* '''uenke [uek]''' - neither X nor Y - penku
* '''nya'e''' - in order that; so that - penku
* '''nye''' - because of; due to - penku [z]
* '''yema''' - both X and Y - penku [q]
* '''nyo''' - why - penku [z]
* '''yo''' - if X then Y - penku [z]
* '''''' -  -
* '''ka''' - question marker - peya [z]
* '''nka''' - emphatic negative - peya [z]
* '''ke''' - object particle [O]; [COMP] than - peya [z]
* '''ne''' - indirect object particle - peya [z]
* '''e''' - er; um; uh - peya [z]
* '''o / o-''' - venerated [honorific] - peya / eka [z]
* '''mya''' - as …as; equative case [EQU] - peya [z]
* '''ya''' - vocative particle [VOC] - peya [z]
* '''kya / -kya''' - imperative [IMP] / co-hortative [HORT] - peya / eka [z]
* '''mye / -mye''' - redo; resume - peya / eka [z]
* '''kye''' - indirect speech particle - peya [z]
* '''kyo''' - hurry up! Quickly! - peya [z]
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''ala''' - wing - haya / otla
* '''peka''' - bat [animal] - haya / otla
* '''ki'i''' - screech; shriek; chirp or peep [onom] - haya / otla
* '''tloma''' - feather; plumage; plume - haya / otla [q]
* '''otla''' - bird; avian - haya / otla [q]
* '''pyotsi''' - tail or caudal fin or feathers - haya / otla
* '''''' -  -
* '''tanka''' - eagle; falcon; hawk - haya / kusa [q]
* '''tsatle''' - crane; egret; heron - haya / kusa
* '''hapi''' - dove; pigeon - haya / kusa
* '''pato''' - duck; male prostitute (slang) - haya / kusa
* '''kapyo''' - gull; seagull - haya / kusa
* '''mpelo''' - buzzard - haya / kusa
* '''si'i''' - crow; raven - haya / kusa
* '''tsiti''' - sparrow - haya / kusa
* '''mpiko''' - black eagle; condor; vulture - haya / kusa
* '''inko''' - macaw; parrot; puffin - haya / kusa
* '''sono''' - partridge - haya / kusa
* '''oku''' - owl - haya / kusa
* '''kusa''' - bird; avian [that flies] - haya / kusa
* '''husa''' - goose; swan - haya / kusa
* '''''' -  -
* '''mano''' - chicken; fowl; poultry - haya / peti
* '''peti''' - bird; avian [flightless] - haya / peti
* '''hinti''' - turkey - haya / peti
* '''mpuni''' - ostrich - haya / peti
* '''tsunya''' - penguin - haya / peti
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''puaka''' - forehead; skull; temples - keha / ana
* '''kaue''' - chin; jaw [look at sb] - keha / ana [q]
* '''kipa''' - gums; inner mouth - keha / ana
* '''myeka''' - neck; throat; voice - keha / ana [q]
* '''nyase''' - eyelashes - keha / ana
* '''senu''' - hair - keha / ana [q]
* '''suha''' - mouth; taste; tongue - keha / ana [q]
* '''hyesu''' - esophagus - keha / ana
* '''tsaua''' - complexion; looks; appearance - keha / ana
* '''tsihyo''' - discharge of the eyes; rheum - keha / ana
* '''tsila''' - lip; outer mouth - keha / ana
* '''tsupa''' - saliva; spit - keha / ana
* '''tlasi''' - cough [up] - keha / ana
* '''tlihya''' - beard; moustache - keha / ana
* '''ampi''' - mucus; snot; snivel - keha / ana
* '''ampu''' - smell; sniff; nose - keha / ana [q]
* '''ana''' - brain; head; mind - keha / ana [q]
* '''anu''' - ear; hear; listen - keha / ana [q]
* '''anya''' - eye; look; see - keha / ana [q]
* '''yatsi''' - bite; chew; tooth - keha / ana [q]
* '''yoho''' - eyelid; flitter; blink - keha / ana
* '''yotsa''' - cheek; face - keha / ana [q]
* '''pyampu''' - bridge of the nose - keha / ana
* '''kine''' - dry mucus, booger - keha / ana
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''peso''' - meet; meeting - muata
* '''teya / -te''' - propose; request [PREC]; suggest - muata / eka [q]
* '''muata''' - manners; be polite [ness] - muata
* '''nyasa''' - gratitude; thank [you] - muata
* '''hako''' - you're welcome - muata
* '''hala''' - informal greeting [on phone] - muata
* '''uatsa''' - welcome [when entering] - muata
* '''yata''' - farewell; greet; hello - muata [q]
* '''tsepa''' - please - muata
* '''koya''' - apologize; remorse; sorry - muata
* '''yali''' - excuse; forgive; pardon - muata
* '''kampa''' - cheers!; a toast - muata
* '''kese''' - be obscene; coarse; vulgar - muata
* '''uapya''' - insult; ridicule; disgrace - muata
* '''tsaya / -tsa''' - damn [general invective] - muata / eka
* '''kuna ''' - excrete; expel; defecate; shit - muata [q]
* '''nanka''' - emphasizing disgust; [interj. of contempt] - muata
* '''kotsa''' - spiteful person [male or female]..."bitch" - muata
* '''pyasa''' - custom; convention; popular; common - muata
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''tanti''' - truck; bus - tsayo
* '''tlanye''' - cart; chariot; carriage; buggy - tsayo
* '''tsayo''' - automobile; carriage; vehicle - tsayo [q]
* '''tlemo''' - caravan; trailer - tsayo
* '''ilanyo''' - plane [fly-machine] - tsayo [x]
* '''tlise''' - axis; axle - tsayo
* '''motlo''' - engine; motor; machine - tsayo
* '''uela''' - sail [boat] - tsayo
* '''uene''' - ship; boat; vessel; canoe - tsayo
* '''uelo''' - bicycle; bike - tsayo
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''tsa'a''' - beaver - haya
* '''masa''' - cervine; deer; elk  - haya [q]
* '''patsi''' - breed livestock; herd - haya
* '''tsanko''' - ape; monkey; primate - haya
* '''tlakunase''' - cobweb; spider web - haya [x]
* '''haya / -hya''' - animal; beast - haya / eka [q]
* '''panya''' - rodent [rat; mouse] - haya [q]
* '''kina''' - mammal - haya
* '''sinka''' - lion - haya
* '''pili''' - hyena - haya
* '''kili''' - giraffe - haya
* '''kinti''' - squirrel - haya [q]
* '''ipye''' - horn of animal - haya
* '''noka''' - beak; bill; mouth - haya [q]
* '''tsola''' - fox - haya
* '''koli''' - extremity; tag along; tail - haya [q]
* '''koni''' - skunk - haya
* '''soli''' - badger; ferret - haya
* '''tlo'o''' - elephant - haya [q]
* '''otso''' - wolf; lupine - haya
* '''kuma''' - bear - haya
* '''''' -  -
* '''utla''' - otter - haya
* '''tsuhi''' - leopard / jaguar - haya
* '''tsuyo''' - armadillo - haya
* '''kuatse''' - opossum - haya
* '''tsuene''' - baboon - haya
* '''pyaka''' - tiger - haya
* '''yatsa''' - bridle; halter; reins - haya
* '''yasu''' - bison; buffalo - haya
* '''yele''' - pedestal; plinth; saddle - haya
* '''yetso''' - boar [wild] - haya
* '''kyotlo''' - coyote - haya
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''mpaha''' - valuable; costly; expensive - yena
* '''pale''' - sale; sell - yena
* '''atle''' - salary; wage - yena
* '''tsika''' - economy; economic - yena
* '''to'o''' - pay; compensate - yena
* '''poku''' - cost; fee; price; charge - yena
* '''tomu''' - be frugal; thrifty; economical - yena
* '''suata''' - account; bill; debt - yena
* '''tsuasi''' - stock; share; capital for company - yena
* '''yasue''' - cheap; inexpensive; low - yena
* '''yena''' - coin; currency; money - yena
* '''kyohua''' - exchange; swap; trade; transpose - yena
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''mpaka''' - border; boundary; frontier; line - kama
* '''kama / -ku''' - city; town; village - kama / eka [q]
* '''mpa'a''' - film; movie; cinema - kama
* '''tase''' - consulate; embassy; diplomacy - kama
* '''tali''' - church; shrine; temple - kama
* '''hati''' - gardens; park - kama
* '''ahu''' - dam; weir; dike; embankment - kama
* '''hakyo / -kyo''' - college; school; university - kama / eka [q]
* '''tsetla''' - building in poor repair; dilapidated - kama
* '''kenta''' - capital city for a seat of government - kama
* '''tsitli''' - farm; ranch - kama
* '''niua''' - depot; garden; yard - kama
* '''kotse''' - factory; plant; workshop - kama
* '''kopi''' - bridge; crosspiece - kama
* '''komo''' - barn;  stall; stable; shed; corral - kama
* '''uanki''' - confine; imprison; jail - kama
* '''huesa''' - company; firm; enterprise; corporation - kama
* '''uemi''' - barracks; castle; fortress - kama
* '''pyolo''' - business; office - kama
* '''yono''' - drama; play; theater - kama
* '''''' -  -
* '''tsane''' - pavilion; gazebo; roofed tent - kama [q]
* '''matle''' - statue; sculpture; carve - kama
* '''hema''' - tent; net; tarp; pavilion - kama
* '''nepa''' - tunnel; underground passage - kama
* '''hete''' - grave; tomb; mausoleum - kama
* '''eki''' - post horse; relay station - kama
* '''misa ''' - highway; road; street - kama [q]
* '''hilo''' - plaza; public square - kama
* '''tilo''' - railway; track; train - kama
* '''pitsu''' - hall; museum - kama
* '''miyo''' - hair salon; hair dresser's shop - kama
* '''notli''' - hotel; inn; tavern - kama
* '''kule''' - keep; tower - kama
* '''suke''' - lane; alley - kama
* '''puto''' - real estate; immovable property - kama
* '''suku / -su''' - market; shop; store - kama / eka [q]
* '''muesa''' - organization; agency; institution - kama
* '''sueni''' - mortar; concrete; cement - kama
* '''yopi''' - mail; post [office] - kama
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''tla'a''' - likely; probable; presumable - peya
* '''ampa''' - as soon as possible - peya
* '''tlalo''' - certainly; of course; without doubt - peya
* '''haye''' - early; quick[ly]; sudden[ly]; abrupt - peya [q]
* '''me'a''' - at the same time; simultaneous - peya
* '''heta''' - how about it?; what do you think? - peya
* '''ke'e''' - so; such; such a degree - peya
* '''ele / -tle / -le''' - relative clause marker - peya / eka
* '''peya / -pe''' - particle;  piece of; dot; speck; spot; bit - peya / eka [q]
* '''eya''' - maybe; perhaps - peya
* '''kila''' - obvious - peya
* '''inta''' - even; so much so that - peya
* '''iya''' - besides; in addition; apart from that - peya
* '''iye''' - if [but not]; irrealis; what-if - peya
* '''oko''' - honorific reference; "yes sir/ma'am" - peya
* '''koyo''' - whose; of who - peya
* '''u / -u''' - double for redundant syllable - peya / eka [z]
* '''nyakua''' - by all means; by any means - peya
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''paku''' - beat with the fist; cudgel; hammer - tana
* '''panka''' - catch; seize; capture - tana
* '''pama''' - whip; lash; flog; thrash - tana
* '''pahu''' - burst; crack; breach - tana
* '''penya''' - grapple; scuffle; wrestle - tana
* '''pika''' - bullet; shot; shell; ball - tana / muku
* '''ponto''' - cannon; gun; artillery [fire ~] - tana / muku
* '''potsu''' - lay siege to, besiege - tana
* '''poli''' - force; violence - tana [q]
* '''poye''' - ally with; form an alliance with - tana
* '''punya''' - jab; poke; stab [fuck] - tana
* '''tana''' - fight; war; battle; combat - tana [q]
* '''teki''' - combative; enemy; hostile - tana
* '''te'e''' - kick; trample; tread on - tana
* '''tope''' - firearm; gun; rifle - tana / muku
* '''tompo''' - martial art; military skill - tana
* '''ntaka''' - energy; fortitude - tana
* '''kusu''' - push [away]; press; shove; squeeze - tana
* '''kuhi''' - hold; grasp; clench (one's fist) - tana
* '''kuye''' - grab; catch; arrest; snatch; scratch - tana
* '''kyosu''' - raid; carry out a raid; invade - tana
* '''nkepa''' - charge [military term]; sudden attack - tana
* '''mata''' - kill; murder - tana
* '''mana''' - force; power; strength - tana [q]
* '''matsu''' - victory; success; win; triumph - tana
* '''muku''' - knife; blade; weapon; arms - tana / muku
* '''nyela''' - arrowhead - tana / muku
* '''hama''' - protect; defend; safeguard; protection - tana
* '''hane''' - change sides; politically; turncoat - tana
* '''he'u''' - munitions / ordnance factory; arsenal - tana
* '''hyoka''' - attack; hit; strike - tana
* '''tlanyo''' - abuse; berate; mistreat - tana
* '''ame''' - axe; hatchet - tana / muku [q]
* '''onto''' - tread on; trample; stamp - tana
* '''yomi''' - bow; weapon used for shooting arrows - tana / muku
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''mpala''' - odd number - kuto
* '''atla''' - mean; average - kuto
* '''pamua / -mua''' - not enough; insufficient; inadequate - kuto / eka
* '''tiha / ti-''' - multiply (math.); multiplication; multi- - kuto / eka
* '''hima''' - statistics; counted items - kuto
* '''tsinku''' - mathematical analysis; calculus - kuto
* '''tsisu''' - coefficient; factor; modulus; ratio - kuto
* '''ohi''' - decrease; reduce; subtract; less [than] - kuto
* '''tsuki / ki-''' - next; order; sequence [ordinal] - kuto / eka
* '''kuto''' - mathematics; mathematical; math - kuto
* '''kumpu''' - rational # [fraction of two integers] - kuto
* '''usu''' - even number - kuto
* '''ukue''' - as many as; as much as - kuto
* '''kupye / -pye''' - excessive; too many/much - kuto / eka [q]
* '''uetli''' - exponent [math.]; power - kuto
* '''yanka''' - positive; greater than zero; principle - kuto
* '''yeka''' - divide; separate; partition - kuto
* '''nyelo''' - extra; remainder; surplus - kuto
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''panki''' - hemp; cannabis  - maua
* '''pa'u''' - tree bark - maua
* '''tika''' - cane; rattan; vine - maua
* '''kisua''' - root of plant - maua
* '''kompa''' - mold; mildew; fungi - maua
* '''kompo''' - seaweed - maua
* '''kotle''' - pine tree - maua
* '''kuanu''' - bush; woody plant - maua
* '''nkaho''' - culm; stem; stalk - maua
* '''sitla''' - lawn; meadow; sod; turf - maua
* '''siue''' - herb; leaf - maua
* '''suele''' - water lily [pad]; lotus - maua
* '''hini''' - reed; rush - maua
* '''hunu''' - pollen - maua
* '''huatla''' - acorn; oak - maua
* '''tlamo''' - willow tree; poplar and willow - maua
* '''tleno''' - log; piece of wood; timber; plank - maua
* '''uenti''' - fade; wither; wilt; listless - maua
* '''yosu''' - moss; lichen; coating [of tongue] - maua
* '''maua / -hua''' - flower; plant; bloom - maua / eka [q]
* '''moli''' - forest; trees - maua [q]
* '''tloha''' - grass; straw; weeds - maua [q]
* '''ito''' - tree; wood - maua [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''pata''' - tile; brick - tsaka
* '''tapa''' - lid; top; cover; canopy; roof; ceiling - tsaka [q]
* '''tatsa''' - basin; wide-mouthed jar or pot - tsaka
* '''katsa''' - glass; windshield; window - tsaka
* '''sala / -sa''' - chamber; room; section - tsaka / eka [q]
* '''tsaka''' - house; residence; reside - tsaka [q]
* '''hatse''' - ladder - tsaka
* '''tapi''' - swing; seesaw; trapeze - tsaka
* '''masi''' - door/window frame - tsaka
* '''patlo''' - broom; brush; sweep - tsaka
* '''kato''' - two story building - tsaka
* '''tasu''' - cushion; mat; pad - tsaka
* '''kapu''' - basket; box; bucket; container - tsaka
* '''kahu''' - furniture - tsaka
* '''mampu''' - duct; pipe; straw; tube - tsaka
* '''maku''' - pillow; rest one's head - tsaka
* '''tanye''' - carpet; mat; rug - tsaka
* '''kahyo''' - porcelain; ceramic - tsaka
* '''tenta''' - curtain; partition; screen - tsaka
* '''tleke''' - fan - tsaka
* '''petsi''' - basement; cellar - tsaka
* '''teko''' - bottle; pitcher; vase - tsaka
* '''tseue''' - nail; spike; screw - tsaka
* '''enya''' - mirror; reflect; reflection - tsaka
* '''tlenye''' - suite; apartment; flat; hotel room - tsaka
* '''''' -  -
* '''hiku''' - eaves; ledge or brim - tsaka
* '''tlimu''' - blanket; rug - tsaka
* '''tlimpula''' - chandelier; collection of lamps - tsaka [x]
* '''tsiyo''' - corridor; aisle; hallway; passageway - tsaka
* '''topa''' - bed; couch; mattress - tsaka [q]
* '''sopa''' - balcony; patio; terrace - tsaka
* '''tsosa''' - chimney; fireplace; hearth - tsaka
* '''mo'i''' - soap; lather; foam - tsaka
* '''pomo''' - handle; grip; knob; latch - tsaka
* '''topo''' - door; entrance; gate - tsaka
* '''kotso''' - earthenware; ceramic - tsaka
* '''moso''' - steward (of a household), head servant - tsaka
* '''homu''' - platform; stage - tsaka
* '''kuta''' - fence; wall - tsaka [q]
* '''suma''' - window - tsaka
* '''sumatepe ''' - window blinds - tsaka [x]
* '''huata''' - shelf; stair - tsaka [q]
* '''uetse''' - toilet; outhouse; WC - tsaka
* '''yale''' - door lock; key - tsaka
* '''yapo''' - build; erect; assemble - tsaka [q]
* '''kyela''' - wreath; garland - tsaka
* '''yetsi''' - chair; seat; stool - tsaka
* '''myetonyo''' - scarecrow - tsaka [x]
* '''yekua''' - cabinet; closet; wardrobe - tsaka
* '''yoka''' - deck; floor; story - tsaka
* '''''' -  -
* '''nale''' - fork; pitchfork; prong - tsaka / kuhasa
* '''hasi''' - chopsticks; eating utensils - tsaka / kuhasa
* '''tanu''' - plate; dish; tray; shallow container - tsaka / kuhasa
* '''tseme''' - drawer; tier; tray - tsaka / kuhasa
* '''nekua''' - cupboard; pantry - tsaka / kuhasa
* '''tsiko''' - furnace; oven; stove - tsaka / kuhasa
* '''kotlo''' - boiler; pan; pot - tsaka / kuhasa
* '''kutsa''' - spoon; ladle - tsaka / kuhasa
* '''uapo''' - basin; sink - tsaka / kuhasa
* '''uaso''' - drinking glass [cup]; jug; pot; vessel - tsaka / kuhasa [q]
* '''yempa''' - table; desk; flat work surface - tsaka / kuhasa [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''pasipi''' - Pacific [Ocean] - hanya [x]
* '''pelansu''' - France - hanya [x]
* '''tehasu''' - Texas - hanya [x]
* '''totsuya''' - Germany - hanya [x]
* '''kanata''' - Canada - hanya [x]
* '''kemeta''' - Egypt - hanya [x]
* '''mehiko''' - Mexico - hanya [x]
* '''nihono''' - Japan - hanya [x]
* '''sipanya''' - Spain - hanya [x]
* '''sueliye''' - Sweden - hanya [x]
* '''tlihanya''' - USA - hanya [x]
* '''apika''' - Africa - hanya [x]
* '''apuha''' - Afghanistan - hanya [x]
* '''ameyo''' - America - hanya [x]
* '''asiya''' - Asia - hanya [x]
* '''atlanti''' - Atlantic [Ocean] - hanya [x]
* '''alapo''' - Arab - hanya [x]
* '''enkala''' - England - hanya [x]
* '''otlaya''' - Australia - hanya [x]
* '''yolopa''' - Europe - hanya [x]
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''pasi''' - bronze; brass; copper alloy - uale
* '''tsele''' - iron - uale
* '''tline''' - aluminum (chemistry) - uale
* '''misu''' - copper - uale
* '''kinua''' - metal working or casting of some kind - uale
* '''hosa''' - radiation; rays of radiation - uale
* '''moue''' - plastic; synthetic resin; plastic cement - uale
* '''sokyo''' - helium - uale
* '''tsuma''' - metal - uale
* '''pulo''' - crystallization; crystalline; crystal - uale
* '''uale''' - source material, raw material - uale
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''mpeka''' - frog; toad - haya / kuatla
* '''moko''' - lizard [reptile w/ legs] - haya / kuatla
* '''mokomunta''' - chameleon - haya / kuatla
* '''uani''' - alligator; crocodile - haya / kuatla
* '''kuatla''' - reptile; snake - haya / kuatla [q]
* '''honu''' - turtle [sea] - haya / kuatla [q]
* '''teli''' - ass; donkey; mule - haya / tsina
* '''mya'a''' - meow; cat noise - haya / tsina
* '''neko''' - cat; feline - haya / tsina
* '''sikue''' - pig; pork; swine - haya / tsina
* '''unta''' - camel - haya / tsina
* '''poti''' - goat; ram - haya / tsina [q]
* '''nkoyo''' - lamb; sheep - haya / tsina [q]
* '''mita''' - canine; dog - haya / tsina [q]
* '''suaki''' - hare; rabbit - haya / tsina [q]
* '''uma''' - equine; horse - haya / tsina [q]
* '''uaka''' - ox; cow; bull - haya / tsina [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''katsi''' - dignity; sanctity; worth - tono
* '''talo''' - be patient; patience - tono
* '''kanto''' - mourn; grieve over sb's death - tono
* '''alo''' - be cunning; be sly - tono
* '''nalo''' - grin; laugh; smile - tono [q]
* '''amya''' - be fond of; like; prefer [people] - tono
* '''eto''' - be shy; timid; bashful - tono
* '''eno''' - be angry at; be displeased and annoyed - tono [q]
* '''simpa''' - be anxious; neurosis; anxiety - tono
* '''itsa''' - adore; affection; love - tono [q]
* '''kipe''' - favor; favorite; darling - tono
* '''tsihi''' - mercy; empathize - tono
* '''nkitso''' - be stressed; be tense; be nervous - tono
* '''kipo''' - aspire; hope; wish - tono [q]
* '''kipu''' - mood; mental state; frame of mind - tono
* '''tsimua''' - be vicious; fierce; ominous; inauspicious - tono
* '''tlota''' - be in a correct attitude - tono
* '''kone''' - awe; intimidate - tono
* '''noto''' - compassion; sympathize; sympathy - tono
* '''nomo''' - be fond of; like; prefer [things] - tono
* '''tsopo''' - prefer; preference - tono
* '''tloso''' - annoy; bother; disturb; harass; irritate - tono
* '''tono''' - emote; emotion; feel; sentiment - tono [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''kohue''' - regret; repent; feel remorse - tono
* '''noya''' - be content; happy; pleased - tono
* '''tokyo''' - be brave; bold; courage - tono
* '''tsuka''' - pride; hubris; arrogance - tono
* '''tsumi''' - guilt; sin; offense - tono
* '''nuku''' - detest; dislike; hate - tono
* '''unu''' - be callous; stone-faced; emotionless - tono
* '''umua''' - ache; pain; sorrow; be sore - tono
* '''uaho''' - feel absence; miss - tono
* '''uete''' - amuse; entertain; make sb laugh - tono
* '''uemye''' - be aloof; standoffish; unsociable - tono
* '''yampa''' - be bored; fed up with sth; sick of sth - tono
* '''yapu''' - be ashamed; disgrace; embarrassment - tono
* '''yanu''' - be depressed; dispirited; dismayed - tono
* '''yetsa''' - cry; tear; weep - tono [q]
* '''hyele''' - attract; titillate - tono
* '''yente''' - aghast; consternation; horror - tono
* '''kyomi''' - interest; interested; be interesting - tono
* '''kyopo''' - afraid; fear; frighten - tono
* '''yonto''' - be fanatical - tono
* '''kyohu / -hu''' - be drastic; extreme; aggressive - tono / eka
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''piyo''' - bee; honeybee - haya / tsunka
* '''kupe''' - arthropod; tick - haya / tsunka
* '''kupu''' - butterfly - haya / tsunka
* '''kute''' - bite; sting [of insect] - haya / tsunka
* '''metse''' - cricket; grasshopper - haya / tsunka
* '''nase''' - arachnid; spider - haya / tsunka
* '''nyamu''' - mosquito; fly; gnat - haya / tsunka
* '''nyolo''' - ant; insect - haya / tsunka
* '''sani''' - wasp - haya / tsunka
* '''seko''' - scorpion - haya / tsunka
* '''hotso''' - roach; cockroach - haya / tsunka
* '''hyesua''' - beetle - haya / tsunka
* '''tsati''' - hornet - haya / tsunka
* '''a'i''' - worm - haya / tsunka
* '''uese''' - louse - haya / tsunka
* '''yotsu''' - grub; larva - haya / tsunka
* '''pyoho''' - flea; mite; tick - haya / tsunka [q]
* '''tsunka''' - bug; insect; worm - haya / tsunka [q]
* '''tlakua''' - cricket; slug; snail - haya / tsunka [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''kana / -kan''' - lead; leading; leadership; leader - tlana / eka [q]
* '''tsata''' - council; committee; parliament - tlana
* '''tlanka''' - level; grade; rank - tlana
* '''tlana''' - human; person - tlana [q]
* '''anao''' - dwarf; pygmy; small person; midget - tlana [x]
* '''tsaniko''' - lecturer; speaker; storyteller - tlana [x]
* '''tanko''' - group; organization; team - tlana [q]
* '''kano''' - my dear; my darling - tlana
* '''nkatso''' - spy; secret agent - tlana
* '''hauanketlo''' - heathen; pagan; heretic; apostate - tlana [x]
* '''makue''' - initiation ceremony; rite of passage - tlana
* '''hanya''' - country; nation; state; national; region - tlana [q]
* '''tlema''' - banner; flag; ensign - tlana
* '''hisu''' - department; branch; section; division - tlana [q]
* '''tsikue''' - habit; custom; usual practice; tradition - tlana
* '''posa''' - divorce - tlana
* '''''' -  -
* '''mponi''' - ethnicity; folk; people - tlana
* '''omi''' - provost; chancellor; deputy - tlana
* '''koua''' - republic - tlana
* '''muha''' - monk; nun - tlana
* '''mutsa''' - society - tlana
* '''utli''' - casualty; victim (of an accident) - tlana
* '''munua''' - culture; civilization; cultural - tlana [q]
* '''uampa''' - government; political; politics - tlana
* '''uasa''' - skill; profession; trade; craft - tlana [q]
* '''kuate''' - double; twin [identical/fraternal] - tlana
* '''uatsu''' - constitution; law; statute - tlana
* '''kueli''' - rights; legal entitlement - tlana
* '''nyetsi''' - traditional; archetype; typical; classic - tlana
* '''yesu''' - art; fine arts; painting; literature - tlana
* '''yoni''' - ethic; moral; virtue - tlana [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''kamue''' - general; commander; military leader - kunta
* '''tlekan''' - commander [thousand] - kunta
* '''okan''' - commander [hundred] - kunta
* '''kunta''' - army; military force - kunta [q]
* '''uekan''' - commander [ten] - kunta
* '''kyatlo''' - commander; officer in charge - kunta
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''ahe''' - dolphin; porpoise - haya / uatsi
* '''nkahi''' - mollusks; crustaceans; shellfish - haya / uatsi [q]
* '''kehe''' - shark - haya / uatsi
* '''tepu''' - scales [of fish] - haya / uatsi
* '''eua''' - fin [of a fish] - haya / uatsi
* '''tlinka''' - herring; mackerel; carp - haya / uatsi
* '''pite''' - manatee; walrus - haya / uatsi
* '''tsinti''' - stingray - haya / uatsi
* '''simpu''' - clam; mussel; oyster - haya / uatsi
* '''poka''' - seal; pinniped - haya / uatsi
* '''mpoka''' - squid; ink fish; cuttlefish - haya / uatsi
* '''tona''' - tuna - haya / uatsi
* '''ole''' - crust; husk; shell - haya / uatsi
* '''tlohi''' - salmon; trout - haya / uatsi
* '''molo''' - cod [fish] - haya / uatsi
* '''kutsi''' - prawn; shrimp - haya / uatsi
* '''pukue''' - blowfish; puffer - haya / uatsi
* '''kuami''' - eel; water snake - haya / uatsi
* '''uatsi''' - fish - haya / uatsi [q]
* '''puetsa''' - mantis; octopus - haya / uatsi
* '''nyanku''' - whale - haya / uatsi
* '''kye'u''' - gills of fish - haya / uatsi
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''pahe''' - against; touching - tatse
* '''pa'e''' - apart from; other than; except for - tatse
* '''paye''' - beyond; exceeding; farther than - tatse
* '''pue''' - after; back; behind; rear - tatse [z]
* '''tahe''' - below; beneath; under - tatse [q]
* '''taye''' - about [pertaining to; on the topic of] - tatse
* '''te''' - of [belonging to; = GEN] - tatse [z]
* '''ka'e''' - to; towards; at [moving toward] - tatse
* '''kaye''' - around; encircling; surrounding - tatse [q]
* '''kue''' - like; similar to - tatse [z]
* '''nka'e''' - in spite of; regardless of - tatse
* '''mahe''' - around; approximate; close to - tatse
* '''ma'a''' - with [accompanied by / furnished with] - tatse [q]
* '''ma'e''' - before; in front - tatse [q]
* '''maue''' - as soon as; when - tatse
* '''maye''' - between; among  - tatse
* '''mue''' - without - tatse [z]
* '''nahe ''' - in [located inside of]; internal - tatse [q]
* '''nya''' - for [benefactive; BEN]; purpose of; by - tatse [z]
* '''nyahe''' - by means of; per; via - tatse
* '''nyaue''' - outside of; exterior to - tatse
* '''sahe''' - across; opposite; other side - tatse
* '''saye''' - along; following [a line] - tatse [q]
* '''hue / -hue''' - at [in the same location as] [LOC] - tatse / eka [z]
* '''tsahe''' - for [in exchange for] - tatse [q]
* '''tsa'e''' - across; through - tatse
* '''tsaue''' - so long as; provided that - tatse
* '''tsaye''' - since; until; up to; as far as - tatse
* '''tsue''' - position; stance; posture - tatse [z]
* '''tlaye''' - according to; based on - tatse
* '''uahe''' - instead of; rather than  - tatse
* '''ua'e''' - above; over / on - tatse [q]
* '''uaye''' - from [moving out of or away from] - tatse
* '''yahe''' - of [containing the measured quantity] - tatse
* '''ya'e''' - near; close to - tatse
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''pima''' - buttermilk - ina / hyali
* '''mputsa''' - cheese - ina / hyali
* '''supye''' - butter; cream; extract - ina / hyali
* '''uakahyo''' - cow's milk - ina / hyali [x]
* '''hyali''' - dairy; milk - ina / hyali [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''nkapa''' - alcohol; ale; beer - ina / inu [q]
* '''tsa'i''' - tea [leaves; plant] - ina / inu [q]
* '''kaua''' - coffee - ina / inu
* '''napya''' - wine - ina / inu
* '''tlayo''' - watered-down drink; mixed-drink - ina / inu
* '''inu''' - beverage; drink; liquid - ina / inu [q]
* '''kisue''' - soda water - ina / inu
* '''tsupu''' - mead [honey wine] - ina / inu
* '''yatso''' - ferment; brew; make honey; liquor - ina / inu
* '''hyota / -hyo''' - juice; lotion; extract; cream - ina / inu / eka [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''tame''' - be fried; pan-fry; sauté - ina / katso
* '''katso''' - meal; meal time - ina / katso
* '''aso''' - broil; grill; roast - ina / katso [q]
* '''kope''' - baste [cookery]; grease; oil - ina / katso
* '''sotsi''' - dish; platter; specific food - ina / katso
* '''kuha''' - cook; prepare food - ina / katso [q]
* '''hutsi''' - gruel; oatmeal; porridge - ina / katso
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''kasa''' - bamboo; parasol; umbrella - puku [q]
* '''tlapi''' - put on (clothes); don - puku
* '''pano''' - cloth; woven material; textiles - puku
* '''palo''' - cane; staff; walking stick - puku
* '''pesa''' - bolt of cloth - puku
* '''menka''' - cotton - puku
* '''kenua''' - denim; jeans - puku
* '''tsili''' - tailor; make clothes - puku
* '''tlinku''' - clink of jewels; tinkling of gem-pendants - puku
* '''ntoka''' - button; fasten; knot - puku
* '''hola''' - cloth; towel; headscarf - puku
* '''potsi''' - wallet; pouch; purse - puku
* '''motsi''' - bag; pouch; sack - puku
* '''tsosi''' - silk - puku
* '''oyo''' - bead; small round object; pearl - puku [q]
* '''mpuli''' - fluff; lint [feel nervous] - puku
* '''muti''' - fad; fashion - puku
* '''puku / -pu''' - attire; clothes; wear - puku / eka [q]
* '''numu''' - style; standard; pattern - puku [q]
* '''tsukua''' - tassel; ribbon; bow - puku
* '''kyalo''' - gem; jewel; precious stone - puku [q]
* '''kyapu''' - fleece; wool; woolen - puku [q]
* '''yole''' - zip; zipper - puku
* '''''' -  -
* '''nampa''' - blouse; shirt; vest - puku / monto
* '''taki''' - coat; jacket; robe - puku / monto
* '''anti''' - suspenders; garters; strap; sling - puku / monto
* '''ani''' - ring (jewelry); bracelet - puku / monto
* '''tsesa''' - apron  - puku / monto
* '''tlipa''' - ascot; cravat; necktie - puku / monto
* '''mitli''' - suit; tunic; tuxedo - puku / monto
* '''pono''' - face powder - puku / monto
* '''ntolo''' - locket; medallion; pendant - puku / monto
* '''uanku''' - spectacles; eyeglasses; -ocular; -scope - puku / monto
* '''yasi''' - cosmetics; makeup - puku / monto
* '''yeke''' - collar; neckband; neckline - puku / monto
* '''''' -  -
* '''sapa''' - boot; footwear; shoe - puku / yaka
* '''haka''' - drawers; pants; trousers - puku / yaka
* '''niye''' - undergarment; underwear - puku / yaka
* '''kona''' - dress; skirt - puku / yaka
* '''opi''' - belt; sash; strap - puku / yaka
* '''solo''' - socks; stockings; tights - puku / yaka
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''hata''' - error; mistake - omo
* '''matsi''' - perception; perceive; perceptive - omo
* '''tsaku''' - idea; thought; conception - omo [q]
* '''tasua''' - expect; presume; think [sth is likely] - omo
* '''haua''' - believe; confidence; trust - omo
* '''tsela''' - philosophic theory; philosophy - omo
* '''keti''' - compose; think up - omo
* '''senku''' - think poorly of someone - omo
* '''enu''' - forecast; predict; estimate - omo
* '''ketsua''' - resolution; decision; statement of intent - omo
* '''tlitsi''' - reasoning; capacity of the human mind - omo
* '''kiya''' - self-awareness; be self aware - omo
* '''siya''' - act without a plan; improvise [slang] - omo
* '''tlopa''' - forget; neglect; overlook - omo
* '''osa''' - know-how; savoir-faire - omo
* '''tlo'e''' - tide of thought; Zeitgeist - omo
* '''tlomi''' - fascinate; attract; obsess; captivate - omo
* '''moto''' - remember; memory - omo
* '''omo''' - consider; ponder; think - omo [q]
* '''toya''' - awareness; conscience; thinking - omo
* '''sonya''' - dream; imagine - omo
* '''tohyo''' - choose; decide; select - omo
* '''omyo''' - way of looking at a thing; view; opinion - omo
* '''onyo''' - learn; practice; study - omo [q]
* '''kuni''' - lucid dream - omo
* '''nutsu''' - unbelievable; incredible; dubious - omo
* '''unya''' - comprehend; know; understand - omo
* '''yota''' - deduce; infer; derive; extrapolate - omo
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''kani''' - sausage  - ina / kutsu
* '''tlenta''' - offal; mixed entrails; trivial matters - ina / kutsu
* '''peko''' - bacon; salt-cured meat - ina / kutsu
* '''tliha''' - minced meat; pickled meat - ina / kutsu
* '''ipu''' - dried meat; preserved fruit - ina / kutsu
* '''nyoki''' - dumpling; pot-sticker - ina / kutsu
* '''''' -  -
* '''tlasa''' - honey; nectar - ina / kyonko
* '''pani''' - vanilla; extract [fruit; tree; color] - ina / kyonko
* '''asi''' - salt - ina / kyonko [q]
* '''aho''' - chives; garlic; leak - ina / kyonko
* '''nkeli''' - cassia or cinnamon - ina / kyonko
* '''setsi''' - sage - ina / kyonko
* '''heki''' - oregano [plant/flavor] - ina / kyonko
* '''penyo''' - hot pepper; jalapeño; chili; paprika - ina / kyonko
* '''tsi'a''' - paprika; pepper - ina / kyonko
* '''tsini''' - sugar; sugarcane - ina / kyonko
* '''impi''' - ginger [fruit; tree; color] - ina / kyonko
* '''suka''' - acid; sour; vinegar - ina / kyonko
* '''puti''' - mint; spearmint - ina / kyonko
* '''utsi''' - parsley - ina / kyonko
* '''kyetsa''' - mustard; wasabi - ina / kyonko
* '''kyonko''' - flavoring; seasoning; spice - ina / kyonko
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''mali''' - fictitious; theoretical; virtual - nati
* '''nati''' - belief; myth; religion - nati
* '''tenyo''' - heaven; paradise - nati [q]
* '''kuli''' - soul; spirit; vigor - nati [q]
* '''putsu''' - goblin; monster; phantom; demon - nati
* '''puya''' - enchantment; magic; charm - nati
* '''puana''' - deity; spiritual; ghost - nati
* '''yompe''' - specter; apparition - nati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''kanka''' - corn; maize - ina / nkiye [q]
* '''mante''' - asparagus - ina / nkiye
* '''pati''' - eggplant, aubergine - ina / nkiye
* '''napo''' - turnip - ina / nkiye
* '''haue''' - carrot; radish - ina / nkiye
* '''pamya''' - okra - ina / nkiye
* '''ahya''' - potato; yam - ina / nkiye [q]
* '''tapyo''' - cassava [leaves] - ina / nkiye
* '''apyo''' - celery - ina / nkiye
* '''seto''' - olive - ina / nkiye
* '''tletsu''' - lettuce - ina / nkiye
* '''tiko''' - clove [Eugenia aromatica] - ina / nkiye
* '''nkiye''' - vegetables - ina / nkiye
* '''kopa''' - fungi; mushroom - ina / nkiye
* '''tohi''' - broccoli; cauliflower - ina / nkiye
* '''tlotsi''' - chives; onion; scallions - ina / nkiye
* '''polo''' - hops; seed cones - ina / nkiye
* '''noho''' - chickpea; garbanzo; hummus - ina / nkiye
* '''tohu''' - bean; pea; legume - ina / nkiye
* '''husu''' - artichoke - ina / nkiye
* '''ua'a''' - spinach - ina / nkiye
* '''ueke''' - lentil - ina / nkiye
* '''hyala''' - cucumber - ina / nkiye
* '''yotli''' - gourd; melon; squash - ina / nkiye [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''tsi'u''' - transitive; transitivity - naho
* '''nkalo''' - pronoun - naho
* '''hapu''' - consonant; the initial consonant - naho
* '''eka''' - affix: adhere; paste - naho
* '''katse''' - subjunctive; assumptive - naho
* '''konke''' - blank space on form; space between words - naho
* '''kamu''' - dictionary; encyclopedia; lexicon - naho
* '''kemi''' - passive; inactive - naho
* '''eme''' - verb tense - naho
* '''muno''' - table of contents - naho
* '''musa''' - vowel - naho
* '''imya''' - dialect; slang; vernacular - naho
* '''naho''' - grammar; order; rule - naho [q]
* '''nosa''' - subject; theme; topic - naho [q]
* '''penku''' - conjunction; connective - naho
* '''poso''' - radical [glyph] - naho
* '''pusa''' - adverb - naho
* '''ata / -tai''' - be named; name [so called] - naho / eka [q]
* '''oto''' - sound; [make] noise; tone; phone[me] - naho [q]
* '''tatse''' - preposition - naho
* '''tonua''' - allophone; allophony - naho
* '''ti'a''' - grammatical aspect - naho
* '''uele''' - abbreviate; contraction - naho
* '''uati''' - verb - naho
* '''tloko''' - syllable - naho
* '''tlome''' - Romanize; Romanization - naho
* '''yani''' - definition; meaning; symbolism - naho
* '''''' -  -
* '''ni''' - by [passive particle] - naho [z]
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''napa''' - grape; raisin - ina / punka
* '''nasi''' - pear [fruit; tree; color] - ina / punka
* '''tsatli''' - pineapple - ina / punka
* '''panto''' - tomato - ina / punka
* '''natlo''' - plum; prune [fruit; tree; color] - ina / punka
* '''ahua''' - avocado  [fruit; tree; color] - ina / punka
* '''tetsu''' - dates [fruit; tree; color]; jujube - ina / punka
* '''ti'u''' - fig [Ficus carica] - ina / punka
* '''ntimu''' - lemon - ina / punka
* '''isu''' - peel; rind - ina / punka
* '''piua''' - loquat [fruit; tree; color] - ina / punka
* '''poma''' - apple  [fruit; tree; color] - ina / punka
* '''motsa''' - banana - ina / punka
* '''mole''' - apricot [fruit; tree; color] - ina / punka
* '''tlonya''' - citron; grapefruit [fruit; tree] - ina / punka
* '''punka''' - fruit; fruit tree - ina / punka [q]
* '''puki''' - pomegranate [fruit; tree] - ina / punka
* '''tsuli''' - currant; gooseberry - ina / punka
* '''kuana''' - peach  [fruit; tree; color] - ina / punka
* '''suante''' - lime [fruit; tree; color] - ina / punka
* '''kuanto''' - cherry [tree; wood] - ina / punka
* '''muela''' - raspberry - ina / punka
* '''yako''' - berry; strawberry - ina / punka
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''ale''' - barley; oats; wheat - ina / tiya [q]
* '''ami''' - amylum; starch - ina / tiya
* '''panu''' - pastry; steamed bun; cake - ina / tiya
* '''pansamya''' - puff pastry - ina / tiya [x]
* '''tekyo''' - dough; noodle; pasta - ina / tiya
* '''pitsa''' - pancake; pizza - ina / tiya
* '''pinka''' - biscuit; cookie; cracker - ina / tiya
* '''tiya''' - bread; make bread - ina / tiya [q]
* '''moka''' - flour; wheat; white-faced - ina / tiya [q]
* '''tloke''' - rye [Secale cereale] - ina / tiya
* '''kopo''' - fermentation; yeast - ina / tiya
* '''ku'u''' - cereal; grain - ina / tiya
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''mahi''' - needle [for sewing] - mayo
* '''mpano''' - clamp; pincers; pliers; tongs - mayo
* '''hamo''' - hook; barb; check or tick mark - mayo [q]
* '''tamye''' - radar [antenna; detector; echo] - mayo
* '''tsanye''' - starter button; on switch - mayo
* '''mayo / -nyo''' - apparatus; device; equipment; tool [INSTR] - mayo / eka
* '''kele''' - shackles; fetters; manacle - mayo
* '''sempo''' - abacus; plan; scheme - mayo
* '''mehu''' - vacuum - mayo
* '''tsemua''' - candle; illuminate; wax - mayo
* '''mika''' - clippers; scissors; shears - mayo
* '''kinto''' - spanner; lever [on a machine]; wrench - mayo
* '''pola''' - shovel; spade; spatula [kitchen utensil] - mayo
* '''tlose''' - pestle; pound with a pestle - mayo
* '''tosi''' - dice; die - mayo
* '''pula''' - cauldron; kettle; pot - mayo
* '''mpula''' - lamp; lantern; light - mayo
* '''tsu'u''' - cork; plug - mayo
* '''tsunku''' - can; jar; pot; urn - mayo
* '''kyali''' - spear; lance; pike - mayo
* '''nyalo''' - call; number; telephone - mayo
* '''kyopa''' - match; tool start a fire - mayo
* '''''' -  -
* '''ntane''' - internet; network; web - mayo / kompu
* '''tleme''' - disc; sheet; CD - mayo / kompu
* '''kompu''' - computer; programmable device - mayo / kompu
* '''umyopi''' - email - mayo / kompu
* '''myokua''' - software [computer] - mayo / kompu
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''patla''' - field; pasture; plain - kata [q]
* '''kata''' - essence; nature; universe - kata [q]
* '''sama ''' - sun; star; solar; stellar - kata [q]
* '''take''' - scenery; scene; landscape; view - kata [q]
* '''tani''' - gully; ravine; valley - kata [q]
* '''tsamo''' - reef; coral reef; shoal rock - kata
* '''masu''' - countryside; areas outside the city - kata [q]
* '''kaya / -ku''' - earth; planet; world - kata / eka [q]
* '''tesa''' - sediment; deposit (geology) - kata
* '''heka''' - cliff; rock face - kata
* '''pele''' - volcano; volcanic - kata [q]
* '''penua''' - continent; island - kata [q]
* '''tlipenua''' - group/chain of islands; archipelago - kata [x]
* '''simo''' - hole; pit; abyss; hell - kata
* '''ilo''' - cave; cavern - kata
* '''tonta''' - permafrost; tundra; layer of frozen soil - kata [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''kohe''' - plateau; bluff; mesa - kata [q]
* '''soki''' - muddy; mud - kata
* '''okyo''' - clearing; glade - kata
* '''puna''' - dirt; earth; land; soil; mud - kata [q]
* '''muhi''' - environment; surrounding area; ecology - kata
* '''kunye''' - moon; lunar; satellite - kata [q]
* '''puani''' - bank; beach; coast; shore - kata [q]
* '''kuelo''' - gorge; strait; ravine; isthmus - kata
* '''ueto''' - stellar system; galaxy - kata
* '''yama''' - mountain; hill - kata [q]
* '''hyeka''' - sand; beach; finely ground rock - kata
* '''nyemi''' - cape; headland; promontory; peninsula - kata
* '''kyoma''' - barren place; desert - kata [q]
* '''yonka''' - lava; magma - kata
* '''kyompi''' - fine powder; dust - kata [q]
* '''hyotsi''' - flint; strike ~; ~stone - kata
* '''''' -  -
* '''pana''' - rain; rainy - kata / kihu [q]
* '''manka''' - chill; cold; cool - kata / kihu [q]
* '''pakyo''' - storm; violent commotion - kata / kihu [q]
* '''tsene''' - lightning; thunderbolt - kata / kihu
* '''heua''' - air; oxygen; sky - kata / kihu [q]
* '''sitsa''' - heat; hot; warm - kata / kihu
* '''kihu''' - weather; climate; atmosphere; situation - kata / kihu [q]
* '''kihua''' - clear; fine [weather] - kata / kihu
* '''tlolo''' - cool / warm [medium temperature] - kata / kihu
* '''kohu''' - fog; mist; vapor; steam - kata / kihu [q]
* '''tloua''' - dew - kata / kihu
* '''tsuali''' - thunder; rumble - kata / kihu
* '''yasa''' - air; wind; [news, style] - kata / kihu [q]
* '''nyepa''' - cloud - kata / kihu [q]
* '''yelo''' - freeze; hail; ice; sleet - kata / kihu [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''panta''' - marsh; swamp; wetlands; glade - kata / maya [q]
* '''naha''' - creek; river; stream - kata / maya [q]
* '''sanka''' - delta [geography] - kata / maya
* '''nampu''' - fountain; spring - kata / maya
* '''maya''' - fluid; water; wet - kata / maya [q]
* '''sela''' - waterfall; cascade; heavy rain - kata / maya
* '''tini''' - spiral; whirlpool - kata / maya [q]
* '''tipu''' - bottom; lowest part; seabed - kata / maya
* '''tsiua''' - lake; pond; pool - kata / maya
* '''konto''' - flow [the movement of liquid]; current - kata / maya [q]
* '''motso''' - undulation; wave; ripple [effect]; tide - kata / maya [q]
* '''hoko''' - trench; moat - kata / maya
* '''hono''' - harbor; port - kata / maya
* '''muana''' - ocean; sea - kata / maya [q]
* '''uanyo''' - bay; gulf [body of water] - kata / maya
* '''sueho''' - surf; the sound of waves - kata / maya
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''hanyo''' - magnet; magnetic body - kuaha
* '''sekyo''' - bacterium; germ - kuahu
* '''minta''' - sample; specimen - kuaha
* '''tsoho''' - data; information; resource - kuaha
* '''kuaha / -ua''' - study; science; -ology - kuaha / eka
* '''ya'a''' - medicine; drug; cure - kuahu [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''pasa''' - nausea; feel sick; disgust - keha
* '''saka''' - gender; sex - keha
* '''sana''' - health; hygiene; welfare - keha
* '''anta''' - breathe; suck in; absorb; inhale - keha [q]
* '''anka''' - pelvis; hip joint - keha
* '''apakipyo ''' - autism - keha [x]
* '''kaho''' - operculum; a covering flap [of skin] - keha
* '''hatsu''' - fever; temperature; pyrexia - keha
* '''asua''' - hide; pelt; skin; fur; leather - keha [q]
* '''samya''' - exhale; blow; puff - keha
* '''napye''' - scar; bruise; pockmark - keha
* '''keha''' - body [human]; health; anatomy - keha [q]
* '''pese''' - gland - keha
* '''tlempe''' - lymphatic fluid; lymph - keha
* '''tseno''' - thigh; crotch - keha
* '''tima''' - bleed; blood - keha
* '''sila''' - arteries; veins; blood vessel - keha
* '''ika''' - age; generation - keha
* '''''' -  -
* '''sipi''' - acne; pimple; zit; wart - keha
* '''niku''' - muscle; tendon - keha
* '''siua''' - nerve; bundle of neurons - keha
* '''oha''' - gape; yawn; open one's mouth - keha
* '''komi''' - allergic; allergy - keha
* '''oso''' - genitalia; groin - keha
* '''sohua''' - digest; digestion; digestive - keha
* '''uha''' - anus; buttock - keha
* '''hutse''' - cell (biology) - keha
* '''suyo''' - goiter; tumor; lump - keha
* '''suepa''' - blister; bleb [watery blister] - keha
* '''hueta''' - testicle - keha
* '''muetlo''' - sweat; perspiration - keha
* '''ueso''' - bone - keha [q]
* '''nyaua''' - virus; infectious organism - keha
* '''yela''' - fart; talk nonsense; rubbish! [euphemism] - keha
* '''yetlo''' - malnourished and sickly in appearance - keha
* '''pyoki / -pyo''' - disease; ill; sick - keha / eka
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''tapo''' - shoulder; upper arm - keha / yaka
* '''nema''' - knee; patella - keha / yaka
* '''nehe''' - fingernail; toenail; scratch - keha / yaka
* '''tila''' - finger; indicate; toe - keha / yaka [q]
* '''ile''' - hollow at the back of the knee - keha / yaka
* '''tsiue''' - elbow - keha / yaka
* '''sotla''' - foot; heel - keha / yaka [q]
* '''topi''' - ankle bone; ankle - keha / yaka
* '''tsopua''' - ulna (anatomy); bone of the forearm - keha / yaka
* '''sonyo''' - wrist; curl - keha / yaka
* '''ute''' - arm; armpit; forearm - keha / yaka [q]
* '''sune''' - shin - keha / yaka
* '''puatli''' - calf [of the leg] - keha / yaka
* '''yaka''' - appendage; leg; limb - keha / yaka [q]
* '''yato''' - hand; palm  - keha / yaka [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''ate''' - liver [organ] - keha / monto [q]
* '''panue''' - colon (large intestine) - keha / monto
* '''kehi''' - hiccup; belch; burp - keha / monto
* '''petso''' - abdomen; belly; stomach - keha / monto [q]
* '''pito''' - navel; belly button - keha / monto
* '''sikyo''' - womb; placenta; uterus - keha / monto
* '''poko''' - bladder; urinate; urine - keha / monto
* '''monto''' - trunk; torso - keha / monto
* '''kotsu''' - clavicle; collarbone - keha / monto
* '''moyo''' - heart; mind; centre; core - keha / monto [q]
* '''muta''' - back; spine; dorsal; vertebrae - keha / monto [q]
* '''puha''' - lung - keha / monto
* '''mune''' - breast; chest; cleavage - keha / monto [q]
* '''kupi''' - nipple; teat [on baby's bottle] - keha / monto
* '''uata''' - intestine; bowel; guts - keha / monto
* '''uenku''' - spleen - keha / monto
* '''myaku''' - heartbeat; pulse - keha / monto
* '''hyeku''' - kidney - keha / monto
* '''yo'i''' - rib; ribcage - keha / monto
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''kuanka''' - irrigate; wash with water - uati
* '''sino''' - curl [hair]; crimp; roll up - uati
* '''ponka''' - appreciate; enjoy; be grateful - uati
* '''nusu''' - steal; pilfer; snatch - uati [q]
* '''usa''' - stripe; streak; striation - uati
* '''sumu''' - puff; spout; spray; spurt - uati
* '''uampe''' - perfect; excellent; brought to the utmost degree - uati
* '''mo'a''' - explicit explanation; specify - uati
* '''saho''' - be drunk; intoxicated - uati
* '''tese''' - endure; to suffer; hardships - uati
* '''meli''' - kowtow; prostrate; bow - uati [q]
* '''ninka''' - television; watch ~ - uati
* '''kisi''' - deny; disclaim; disavow - uati
* '''keto''' - migrate; migration; mobile; portable - uati
* '''ntopa''' - break through; make a breakthrough - uati
* '''katlo''' - take risk; hazard; venture - uati
* '''kinta''' - be rampant; run wild; spree - uati
* '''peha''' - drill; penetrate; puncture - uati
* '''yetsu''' - fact; actual; real - uati
* '''munta''' - change; alter; transform; rearrange; revise - uati [q]
* '''natsua''' - let go; release - uati
* '''enke''' - be simple; not complicated; easy - uati
* '''yeno''' - complete; fill; full; total - uati [q]
* '''hila''' - analyze; analysis; parse - uati
* '''mitla''' - arrow; dart - uati [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''pami''' - invent; invention; concoct - uati
* '''soka''' - introduce; introduction - uati
* '''otlo''' - falsely accuse; defame - uati
* '''kimyo''' - strange; odd; weird; unusual - uati [q]
* '''sepu''' - mill; grain mill; millstone - uati
* '''hase''' - derive; derivative; derivation - uati
* '''amo''' - transport; carry - uati [q]
* '''yake''' - pursue; chase - uati
* '''keho''' - alarm; alert; warning signal - uati
* '''tsali''' - crime; offense; fault - uati
* '''keyo''' - description; qualification; adjective - uati
* '''tsama''' - pretend; feign; play a role - uati
* '''ketle''' - chain; linked - uati
* '''naua''' - rope; bind together; twist around; cord; string - uati
* '''hana''' - emit; give off; send out [up; forth] - uati
* '''uali''' - chart; diagram; graph; scheme - uati
* '''tloku''' - arch; arched - uati
* '''pahi''' - be compatible; conform; tolerate - uati
* '''anto''' - oath; pledge; swear - uati [q]
* '''sahya''' - right; correct; proper - uati [q]
* '''yape''' - exercise; do one's exercises - uati
* '''kihya''' - root; source; origin - uati [q]
* '''nkoha ''' - shake (a part of one's body); shrug (shoulders) - uati [q]
* '''kasi''' - infection; infect; influence - uati
* '''nesa''' - system; organization; form - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''seye''' - dowry; trousseau - uati
* '''nute''' - warn; admonish; advise against sth - uati
* '''niya''' - goal; purpose; reason - uati [q]
* '''tsepo''' - dissect; parse - uati
* '''myano''' - alliteration - uati
* '''toku''' - settle [a dispute]; resolve; solve - uati
* '''tsusu''' - focus; concentrate; be attentive; specialize - uati [q]
* '''olo''' - patrol; make one's rounds - uati
* '''katsua''' - slip; slide; slippery; polished - uati
* '''tipe''' - be counterfeit; fake; forge - uati
* '''nkeni''' - visit; be guest; patronize - uati [q]
* '''nala''' - illuminate; light; shine; glow - uati [q]
* '''opye''' - hug; embrace - uati
* '''tlakan''' - virile; manly - uati [x]
* '''masua''' - pipe [smoking utensil] - uati
* '''tlampi''' - distill; distillation - uati
* '''mpina''' - sound nice; be euphonic - uati
* '''nasua''' - climax; orgasm; upsurge - uati
* '''sota''' - sow; scatter; spread; broadcast; disperse - uati [q]
* '''tlipi''' - tie; bind or fasten together; kidnap - uati [q]
* '''akya''' - wake up; awaken; be awake - uati [q]
* '''anua''' - ask for quiet; request silence - uati
* '''yampo''' - mortar (bowl for grinding with pestle) - uati
* '''yatsua''' - sigh in regret or pity - uati
* '''kinyo''' - intervene; get involved - uati [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''tlako''' - dither; hesitate; pace back and forth; irresolute - uati
* '''topue''' - undertow; be dragged down - uati
* '''uane''' - trap; snare; trick; lure - uati
* '''patle''' - act spoiled; throw tantrum - uati
* '''pyete''' - be slimy [of rotten food]; viscous - uati
* '''tlena''' - gradual; sluggish - uati
* '''mate''' - be distressed; grieved; uneasy - uati
* '''nomya''' - act; action; activity; take action - uati
* '''kutla''' - be lumpy; rock pile; uneven - uati
* '''tlelo''' - toy; plaything - uati
* '''nkotsi''' - persist; persevere; stick to sth - uati
* '''nako''' - peck; tap; pick at - uati
* '''nipa''' - stretch back while extending legs - uati
* '''poyo''' - rich; abundant; wealthy - uati [q]
* '''nyopa''' - poor; impoverished - uati
* '''timpu''' - slop; swill; bilge - uati
* '''kyohi''' - refuse; decline; reject - uati
* '''ati''' - be normal; ordinary; plain - uati [q]
* '''yapa''' - an extra or unexpected gift or benefit - uati
* '''takue''' - demand; request; coerce - uati [q]
* '''kyosa''' - sex; copulation; fornicate - uati [q]
* '''omya''' - cut; carve; engrave; chisel - uati [q]
* '''kali''' - slant; slope; incline - uati
* '''uayo''' - set aside; isolate; separate - uati
* '''tlonye''' - accommodate; flexible; pragmatic - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''tosa''' - waste; squander; dissipate; splurge - uati
* '''kuampo''' - egotistical; arrogant; brassy - uati
* '''ma'u''' - spicy hot [taste]; fig. biting [criticism] - uati
* '''taka''' - esteem; respect; honor - uati
* '''penka''' - impetus; impulse; be impulsive - uati
* '''tapye''' - take (something, someone) seriously - uati
* '''keue''' - permanent; constant; fixed - uati
* '''pute''' - deficiency; deficit - uati
* '''taua''' - anticipate; expect; foresee - uati
* '''nama''' - mature; grow; growth; ripen - uati
* '''niko''' - experiment; examination; test - uati
* '''neha''' - butcher, slaughter, massacre - uati
* '''konu''' - raise one's hand [volunteer] - uati
* '''kyota''' - be crazy; deranged; insane; demented - uati
* '''uta''' - deliver; hand in; hand over; submit - uati
* '''huka''' - slash; swift cut with a blade - uati
* '''miya''' - core; pit; stone; dig out the center - uati
* '''muasi''' - be parallel; of equal rank; simultaneous - uati
* '''tehi''' - edit; retouch; fix up; alter - uati
* '''tanua''' - chat; converse; dialogue; talk - uati
* '''nonya''' - controversy; dispute - uati
* '''sinya''' - indoctrinate; brainwash - uati
* '''pita''' - be void; hollow; empty; blank - uati
* '''yotla''' - immerse; soak; steep; gradual - uati
* '''makua''' - iron; press; smooth out - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''kyanki''' - refrain; abstain; avert - uati
* '''tlapua''' - reckon; assess; estimate - uati
* '''tliya''' - effect; efficacy; result - uati
* '''nkasu''' - intrude; to charge in; to gate-crash - uati
* '''pinta''' - act tactfully; tactful; discreet - uati
* '''yola''' - rely on; depend on - uati
* '''tsuke''' - salt; pickle; cure [meat]; marinade - uati
* '''teue''' - reign [enthroned] - uati
* '''sunu''' - poison; narcotics; venom - uati
* '''tsato''' - chaotic; messy; in disorder - uati [q]
* '''mutsu''' - friction; rubbing; chafing; fig. disharmony; conflict - uati
* '''mpatso''' - comfort; console; stroke; caress - uati
* '''amyampa''' - fall in love with - uati [x]
* '''yakua''' - overwhelm; overpower; subdue - uati
* '''pemao''' - chess / play ~ - uati [x]
* '''kemu''' - experience; undergo - uati [q]
* '''teku''' - underestimate; underrate; undervalue - uati
* '''kima''' - at the minimum; at the very least - uati
* '''tlati''' - clear-headed; sober - uati
* '''tina''' - bend; fold; twist - uati
* '''umo''' - unify; unite; integrate; unity; combine; join - uati [q]
* '''poto''' - image; picture; photograph - uati
* '''matsa''' - nonsense; ridiculous talk; gibberish - uati
* '''iua''' - knead; massage; rub - uati
* '''neme''' - take over; ~ duties; ~ responsibilities - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''kitla''' - create; invent; make-up - uati
* '''kamya''' - stun; shock; bewilder; bewitch - uati
* '''sati''' - sadism; sadistic - uati
* '''ntayo''' - call sb away from a task/work - uati
* '''satsa''' - weave; knit - uati
* '''manti''' - facial tissue; napkin; paper towel - uati
* '''tapu''' - be ample; buxom; shapely - uati
* '''satsu''' - scrub; rub; scour - uati
* '''tsolo''' - lean meat; skinny and shriveled - uati
* '''nikya''' - swallow; take in - uati
* '''toso''' - be clumsy - uati
* '''taso''' - be firm; hard; stable and steady; level - uati
* '''kohya''' - castrate; fig. emasculate; neuter - uati
* '''nula''' - lick; lap [up] - uati
* '''komu''' - advertise; a commercial; advertisement - uati
* '''tsasu''' - cursive writing - uati
* '''muhya''' - neutral; apolitical; unbiased - uati
* '''kiho''' - as things allow; opportune moment; opportunity - uati
* '''nuta''' - be tedious; convoluted; boring; pedantic - uati
* '''ohua''' - luxurious; extravagant; wasteful - uati
* '''tsomye''' - smug; vain; shameless - uati
* '''tlisua''' - bribe; bribery - uati
* '''tome''' - preserve; maintain; conserve - uati
* '''napi''' - be mundane; routine; common - uati
* '''tsumu''' - be careful; cautious - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''ntaye''' - overgrown; unkempt [of hair]; matted - uati
* '''hyome''' - surface; top-side - uati
* '''sitsi''' - support; sustain; uphold - uati
* '''nkiha''' - judge; discriminate; discern - uati
* '''hyeko''' - balance; equilibrium - uati
* '''tsame''' - accumulate; collect; gather; cluster - uati
* '''tsuku''' - rumpled feathers; bedraggled; wet and limp - uati
* '''kenko''' - humble; humility; modesty - uati
* '''ule''' - affect; produce a change in sth; act on - uati
* '''neli''' - lethargic; listless; unenergetic; sluggish - uati
* '''niyo''' - be contained; content; substance - uati
* '''tsapa''' - effort; trouble; endeavor; struggle - uati
* '''nkumu''' - burden; cumbersome; difficult - uati
* '''huala''' - important; vital; main - uati
* '''tsumpa''' - buy; purchase - uati [q]
* '''elo''' - resign; quit - uati
* '''munye''' - be a problem; be a hassle; be difficult - uati
* '''kiso ''' - base; foundation; root; radical [chemistry] - uati [q]
* '''tole''' - deck of playing cards - uati
* '''teni''' - diary; journal; log - uati
* '''kapya''' - receive; accept; collect - uati [q]
* '''tsampo''' - bait; lure - uati
* '''sutse''' - register; enroll; log in - uati
* '''tihe''' - be dense; crowded; viscous - uati
* '''huma''' - be insubordinate; defy - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''poke''' - obscure; confuse; mix up; blur; mislead - uati
* '''suala''' - be heavy - uati
* '''notsa''' - ride horseback; mount; cavalry - uati
* '''apo''' - grasp firmly; make the most of - uati
* '''uehi''' - lofty; refined; exquisite - uati
* '''natsa''' - draw; paint; drawing; painting - uati
* '''tseka''' - pull; draw near; tug; tow; yank - uati
* '''kiue''' - stink; odor; pungent aroma - uati
* '''nasue''' - copy; duplicate; transcribe - uati
* '''sapo''' - light; easy; gentle; soft [not heavy] - uati
* '''hyoto''' - benefit; effectiveness; efficiency - uati
* '''haku''' - vomit; regurgitate; throw up - uati [q]
* '''kyono''' - comforting habit or ritual - uati
* '''tlaso''' - skin deep; superficial; shallow - uati
* '''soku''' - font; typeface; typeset - uati
* '''kutsua''' - invite; invitation - uati
* '''moha''' - far; distant; remote - uati
* '''sali''' - native; person from a particular place - uati
* '''esue''' - fail; lose - uati [q]
* '''hemya''' - stutter; stammer [speech impediment] - uati
* '''tsonyo''' - alert; warn; police - uati
* '''nupa''' - trash; garbage; waste - uati
* '''hasua ''' - edge; brink; lip; margin; rim; boundary - uati [q]
* '''tane''' - enjoy; benefit; have the use of - uati
* '''tsome''' - professional certification; certificate - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''tsana''' - meditation; meditate - uati
* '''kanti''' - deceive; cheat; swindle - uati
* '''tsite''' - deserve; be worthy of; merit - uati
* '''utsa''' - serve; service - uati
* '''tsipa''' - ephemeral; not constant; temporary - uati
* '''tsine''' - key; button [strike] - uati
* '''senyo''' - oval; ellipse; be elliptic - uati
* '''nahela''' - in [located inside of]; internal - uati [x]
* '''pasua''' - expand; inflate; swelling - uati [q]
* '''muli''' - comfortable; at ease - uati
* '''hueli''' - startle; surprise; amaze; astonish - uati
* '''ikua''' - wolf down food; devour ravenously - uati
* '''tsuye''' - take note of; pay attention to - uati
* '''hya'o''' - weird; unusual - uati
* '''itlo''' - equal; even; same - uati [q]
* '''kuesi''' - absence; be absent - uati
* '''tepye''' - beat; knead; pulse - uati
* '''nime''' - appoint; assign; designate - uati
* '''suani''' - be absent-minded; preoccupied; inattentive - uati
* '''tsisi''' - embroider; embroidery - uati
* '''tsipe''' - basic; fundamental; main; elementary - uati
* '''satse''' - brake [when driving] - uati
* '''tami''' - fix; mend; patch; repair - uati
* '''pyona''' - be brittle; fragile; crisp; crunchy - uati
* '''uala''' - really; truly; indeed; real; be true - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''tloka''' - lie; tell an untruth - uati
* '''henyo''' - resist; oppose; be opposite; fend off - uati [q]
* '''katsu''' - modest; self-effacing; modest remarks - uati
* '''tsulanasa''' - birthday party - uati [x]
* '''niki''' - persevere with; persist in; insist on - uati
* '''manye''' - manage; handle; run; deal with - uati
* '''hyotso''' - elasticity; elastic force; spring - uati
* '''meha''' - hit; slap; strike - uati
* '''neka''' - make reprisals; retaliate; revenge - uati
* '''enyo''' - performance; exhibition; to perform - uati
* '''sato''' - sense; perceive; be aware of; detect - uati
* '''hato''' - breed; incubate; hatch - uati
* '''mpahe''' - integrate; synthesize - uati
* '''ntasi''' - be excited; excite - uati
* '''sane''' - cover; sheath; encase; overlap - uati [q]
* '''ampe''' - arrange; set up; lay out; organize - uati
* '''uetsi''' - dispirited downcast [idiom]; in low spirits - uati
* '''hake''' - peel; skin; flay; shuck; shell - uati
* '''unua''' - address; direction for correspondence - uati
* '''salo''' - press; push down; keep under [control] - uati
* '''hote''' - an offering, sacrifice - uati
* '''tlahe''' - confluence; convergence - uati
* '''nkina''' - steep incline; water chute; sluice - uati
* '''tokya''' - inspect; examine; look over/around - uati [q]
* '''suta''' - live; reside; dwell; inhabit; settle - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''tohe''' - always [or routinely] cooperate or agree with - uati
* '''kati''' - be ancient; old; paleo-; classic - uati
* '''tsute''' - slip and fall; stagger; stumble - uati
* '''nyete''' - open; start; turn on - uati
* '''huna''' - be confused; be mixed up - uati
* '''empi''' - chalk; limestone; lye - uati
* '''yeto''' - authority; authoritative; power - uati
* '''tlima''' - plough; plow; turn the soil; till - uati
* '''tlela''' - bathe; clean; purify; wash - uati
* '''tonke''' - enter without permission; trespass; invade - uati
* '''uahi''' - be arbitrary; at will; at random - uati
* '''tsekua''' - condense; solidify; coagulate; clot (of blood) - uati
* '''kapo''' - relationship; connection; involvement - uati
* '''teme''' - impress; make an impression - uati
* '''toua''' - arbitrate; mediate - uati
* '''nyetle''' - quote; cite as evidence - uati
* '''huanu''' - illusion, fantasy, mirage - uati
* '''natla''' - put on airs; self-important; high and mighty - uati
* '''ipa''' - be different; distinct; not same/alike - uati
* '''hope''' - blush; flushed; redden - uati
* '''sipa''' - do harm to; cause trouble - uati
* '''tepa''' - distinguish; identify; recognize - uati
* '''kepyo''' - ticket; ballot; bank note - uati
* '''tano''' - describe; depict; portray; description - uati
* '''kuali''' - drill; bore; dig into - uati [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''hiyo''' - prolific; fertile; high yield; rich - uati
* '''hapa''' - retain; preserve; reserve; reservations - uati
* '''kayo''' - lose; lost; loss; misplace - uati
* '''hanka''' - fold; crease; wrinkle; pucker - uati
* '''kapi''' - ugly; repulsive; not nice - uati [q]
* '''mpekue''' - off the beaten track [go ~] - uati
* '''tsempe''' - rape; violate; force - uati
* '''mpale''' - turn over; flip over; overturn - uati [q]
* '''seta''' - be flat; silk; smooth - uati
* '''kuepa''' - escape; run away; flee - uati
* '''tsinka''' - be at a negative angle - uati
* '''tsi'e''' - famine; shortage of food; starve - uati
* '''tsunki''' - filter; strain; perforated screen - uati
* '''aya''' - be beautiful; be handsome; be pretty - uati [q]
* '''yeta''' - give; transfer; donate - uati [q]
* '''pela''' - cancel; cancellation - uati
* '''yome''' - be famous; fame - uati
* '''ketsu''' - unruly; rude - uati
* '''muna''' - care; concern; important; worry - uati
* '''seka''' - be dry; sharp; strict - uati
* '''kase''' - announce; report; newspaper - uati [q]
* '''temu''' - nurture; raise; foster; tend - uati
* '''koho''' - float; drift; be buoyant - uati
* '''muhe''' - sadness; grief; be sad - uati
* '''tlope''' - expire; fall due; run out; end of term - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''kumu''' - include; inclusion - uati
* '''nipi''' - be curious; inquisitive - uati
* '''hyoko''' - bulb; bulbous; bloated - uati
* '''tili''' - stain; sully; tarnish - uati
* '''toko''' - be devoted; fidelity; loyal; loyalty - uati
* '''tlesa''' - ease; alleviate; moderate; allay; mitigate - uati
* '''male''' - to display; to exhibit - uati [q]
* '''seua''' - care for; tend to; nurse - uati [q]
* '''hamu''' - ash; bit by bit - uati [q]
* '''kale''' - investigate; scout; detect - uati
* '''nyatsa''' - expose; reveal; lay bare; show - uati
* '''nuesi''' - flood; submerge; drown - uati
* '''mato''' - touch; contact; access - uati [q]
* '''nyonka''' - choke [on]; choke up; suffocate; strangle - uati
* '''neua''' - advise; urge; try persuade; exhort - uati [q]
* '''totso''' - eavesdrop; monitor [secretly] - uati
* '''sihya''' - desire; longing; appetite; craving - uati
* '''tetlo''' - bring up a situation - uati
* '''kahue''' - mirage; shadow - uati
* '''hatsa''' - luck; fate; fortune; chance - uati
* '''tleki''' - boast; brag; exaggerative; pompous - uati
* '''metsi''' - adopt; switch over to - uati
* '''enua''' - get over sth; cheer up - uati
* '''tomi''' - characteristic; distinctive feature; trait - uati
* '''kampo''' - catch cold; [common] cold - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''semye''' - explain; comment; annotate - uati
* '''nika''' - acerbity; be bitter; tart - uati
* '''kolo''' - notch; groove; indentation; hole - uati
* '''huamyo''' - perverse; unreasonable; absurd; ridiculous - uati
* '''huye''' - be deep; profound; abstruse - uati
* '''hipa''' - infiltrate; sneak into - uati
* '''peua''' - admit defeat; concede - uati
* '''yotsonai''' - lunch; dinner - uati [x]
* '''pisa''' - savage act; outrage; atrocity - uati
* '''kapa''' - be adequate; enough; suffice - uati
* '''tama''' - be good; well; proper; fine; complete - uati [q]
* '''penko''' - study intensively; dig into; delve - uati
* '''ayo''' - be/feel numb - uati
* '''yete''' - extraneous; redundant; superfluous - uati
* '''tlisa''' - glue; stick; paste - uati
* '''maha''' - add; more [than] - uati
* '''ehue''' - be kind; generous; friendly - uati
* '''tsampa''' - jump the gun; make a false start - uati
* '''muni''' - itch; itchiness - uati
* '''peta''' - map; chart; draft; cartographic - uati
* '''tsilo''' - be naked; bare; uncovered; exposed - uati
* '''mpuku''' - be complicated; complex; intricate - uati
* '''pena''' - go about; busy oneself; occupy onself - uati
* '''mpali''' - balloon; hot air balloon - uati
* '''tsinu''' - arouse; provoke; erogenous - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''ntasa''' - equator; circle around any sphere - uati
* '''pote''' - mortgage; pawn; detain in custody - uati
* '''huenka''' - flick; twang;  flip;  snap - uati
* '''tlaku''' - enmesh; wrap around; web; net - uati
* '''hueye''' - an outing; a night out; a soirée - uati
* '''ueni''' - blame; criticize; condemn - uati
* '''tloya''' - discover; uncover; find - uati
* '''asa''' - live; alive; living; life - uati [q]
* '''yalo''' - covet; envious; jealous - uati
* '''tela''' - cut up [inpieces]; shred; slice - uati
* '''heko''' - congratulate; congratulations - uati
* '''mete''' - be ambiguous; unclear; vague - uati
* '''mesa''' - example; precedent; model; for instance - uati
* '''pyata''' - appeal to; invoke; solicit; petition - uati
* '''tsunti''' - attend; take part in; participate - uati
* '''nkatsa''' - move liquid or gas; pump; reciprocating motion - uati
* '''nisa''' - compare; contrast; ratio - uati [q]
* '''hyepo''' - set; tune; calibrate; fix; adjust; modulate - uati
* '''ehya''' - be complete; intact; whole - uati
* '''tlapo''' - siphon; seep - uati
* '''umye''' - electric[al/ity] - uati [q]
* '''ulo''' - crop rotation - uati
* '''haso''' - special; unique; distinguished - uati
* '''tsule''' - wire; string; thread - uati [q]
* '''kotsi''' - evidence; proof; prove - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''puka''' - be corrupt; decay; rot - uati
* '''mitsu''' - stare at; fix attention on sth - uati
* '''enta''' - record; take note; mark - uati
* '''yeku''' - circulate; distribute; circulation; distribution - uati
* '''keye''' - course; class; lesson - uati
* '''myeto''' - show fear or surprise on face - uati
* '''tsoye''' - sit with feet hanging - uati
* '''opya''' - symptom; indication - uati
* '''inya''' - be hungry; hunger - uati [q]
* '''haki''' - true; real; authentic - uati [q]
* '''kuhu''' - object; differ; challenge; protest - uati
* '''nkopa''' - delusion; paranoia - uati
* '''metsu''' - to open the eyes [wide] - uati
* '''pina''' - be clever; intelligent; wise; smart - uati
* '''youa''' - be weak; feeble - uati [q]
* '''pitle''' - discriminate;  discrimination - uati
* '''tanya''' - damage; break; ruin; destroy - uati
* '''uapa''' - visit; call on; seek - uati
* '''nkanu''' - short [in height and from end edge] - uati
* '''tsoma''' - tobacco [plant; leaves]; smoke - uati [q]
* '''tsenta''' - overdo it; overcook; exaggerate - uati
* '''tetsa''' - implicate; involve - uati
* '''kete''' - polarization; polarized - uati
* '''monka''' - expert; adept; experienced; a professional - uati
* '''tsume''' - mellow and rich; simple and kind; relaxed - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''hitsua''' - just; morally fair; righteous - uati
* '''some''' - be dyed; be stained; be tinted - uati
* '''tlani''' - curse; damn; epithet - uati
* '''sale''' - gesture; sign; signal - uati
* '''tsuala''' - prosper; be prosperous - uati
* '''nkilo''' - be bright; clear; resonant; distinct - uati
* '''ketsi''' - rough; coarse (in texture) - uati
* '''tiyo''' - netherworld; hades; infernal - uati
* '''kinte''' - invert; swapped; upside-down - uati
* '''apa''' - close; stop up; shut; obstruct; turn off - uati [q]
* '''uesa''' - threaten; coerce; intimidate - uati
* '''ohya''' - drive; pilot; operate [a vehicle]; refer to - uati
* '''myatsua''' - point out mistakes or weak points for correction - uati
* '''uenya''' - strain after something; make efforts - uati
* '''a''' - exist; be; yes [COP] - uati [z]
* '''tsitla''' - adorn; festoon; garland; decorate - uati
* '''homa''' - inform; notice; notify; note; message - uati
* '''totla''' - be accurate; be exact; be precise - uati
* '''sonka''' - ode; eulogy; praise in writing - uati
* '''nolo''' - be cursed; be jinxed [slang] - uati
* '''kelo''' - castrate; a castrate; neuter - uati
* '''uatse''' - correlate with; correspond to - uati
* '''ntopi''' - cliché; stereotype; truism - uati
* '''tseua''' - longevity; ability live long; long lived - uati
* '''patse''' - horrifying; atrocious; terrible - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''ano''' - again; repeat; iteration; layer - uati [q]
* '''yaha''' - be scarce; barren - uati
* '''teha''' - accomplish; achieve; finish; succeed - uati
* '''hanu''' - edition; version - uati
* '''hanku''' - be tough and durable; tenacious - uati
* '''tsanka''' - tire; bored with; be fed up of; tired - uati
* '''sita''' - accompany; be with; keep company - uati
* '''kyaua''' - be belligerent - uati
* '''toma''' - deplete; exhaust; use-up; run out - uati
* '''kanta''' - generous; magnanimous - uati
* '''ntaua''' - derogatory sense; negative connotation - uati
* '''utse ''' - exclude; ignore; leave out - uati [q]
* '''sika''' - sip; smack one's lips; suck; savor - uati [q]
* '''nkotsi''' - march; parade; demonstration - uati
* '''siku''' - an unforeseen event; accident; misfortune - uati
* '''nihi''' - glutton; greedy; piggish - uati
* '''tlatso''' - be final; be last; time limit; deadline - uati
* '''tlato''' - recite rhythmically; chant; intone  - uati
* '''punta''' - betray; rebel; revolt - uati
* '''patsa''' - grate; shred - uati
* '''mutla''' - be absolute; unconditional - uati
* '''ueno''' - ink; typeface - uati
* '''tloye''' - gnaw; pick at; wear down - uati
* '''tsema''' - crowded to bursting point; filled to overflowing - uati
* '''hisa''' - split; divide equally; share - uati [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''satsi''' - recruit; cast; enlist - uati
* '''saku''' - deadlock; result in a stalemate; impasse - uati
* '''ohyo''' - evaluate; assess; examine - uati
* '''emya''' - happen; occur; take place - uati
* '''netsa''' - be advantageous; have advantages - uati [q]
* '''natsi''' - poem; poetry; verse - uati
* '''masue''' - be nimble; agile; lithe; graceful - uati
* '''nyota''' - thirst; be thirsty - uati
* '''mela''' - continue; endure; last - uati
* '''suetsa''' - marrow; quintessence; pith - uati
* '''nkusa''' - sneeze; act of sneezing - uati
* '''tipa''' - align; fit; be suitable - uati [q]
* '''tasa''' - hunt; seek; look for - uati
* '''kuanta''' - lenient; spacious; wide - uati
* '''teyo''' - call on; find; look for [sb] - uati
* '''nopi''' - pile; stack; heap - uati
* '''nyoto''' - write quickly; jot - uati [q]
* '''koye''' - be deliberate; on purpose - uati
* '''inti''' - self-restraint; discipline - uati
* '''atsu''' - thick; chunky; solid; stocky - uati [q]
* '''yaue''' - use; employ; apply; make use of - uati [q]
* '''enue''' - stubborn; obstinate - uati
* '''kesa''' - keep score; tally; calculate; compute - uati
* '''tlali''' - defeat; overpower; beat - uati
* '''hoso''' - hold; keep; store - uati [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''tsanto''' - practice of meditation - uati
* '''tsoka''' - bump; collide with; strike - uati
* '''tasue''' - smash, shatter, break into pieces - uati
* '''telo''' - circumstances; situation; state; condition - uati
* '''tsonka''' - public; common; open; fair - uati [q]
* '''eti''' - case; instance; occurrence - uati
* '''yento''' - retire (from society, esp. from working) - uati
* '''teka''' - cure; heal; treat; therapy - uati
* '''tena''' - block; hinder; obstruct; thwart; prevent - uati
* '''hena''' - piece; part; fraction; strip; scrap - uati
* '''petsa''' - be delicate; soft; tender [inexperienced]; mild - uati
* '''yote''' - aid; assist; help - uati
* '''uli''' - filling material; stuffing; lining; filling - uati
* '''huali''' - to inherit; to carry on; to succeed - uati
* '''kalo''' - substitute for; replace; supersede - uati
* '''pali''' - be saved/spared from [something] - uati
* '''nkila''' - blink; glance; appear in a flash - uati
* '''tsoku''' - be direct; immediate; straightforward - uati
* '''nopa''' - pull; stretch; draw sth out - uati [q]
* '''tsanua''' - outlook; prospect; look ahead; look forward to - uati
* '''puhe''' - impatient; eager to; anxious to - uati
* '''mitse''' - disappear; vanish - uati
* '''tlehe''' - esteemed; honest; candid; sincere - uati
* '''ntalo''' - deliberate; consider - uati
* '''mpasu''' - make do; manage; get by with - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''tsise''' - unfamiliar at first ; an acquired taste - uati
* '''tliki''' - sulfur; brimstone [color and element] - uati
* '''heme''' - tremble; shiver; shake; vibrate - uati
* '''motsue''' - violate s/o or s/th - uati
* '''tsuemi''' - sideline; pastime; hobby - uati
* '''kimu''' - duty; responsibility; obligation - uati
* '''hikya''' - be ancient; old - uati [q]
* '''tiku''' - extract; withdraw; pick-up - uati
* '''myasu''' - aim; alignment; target - uati
* '''tseko''' - wood charcoal; coal; carbon - uati
* '''kanke''' - rigid; inflexible; hard; stiff - uati
* '''motla''' - trash; throw away; dispose of - uati
* '''kisa''' - tear; split; separate - uati
* '''tsompa''' - worship; adoration / prayer - uati [q]
* '''kihyo''' - business; trade; commerce - uati [q]
* '''kapye''' - card [small stiff paper] - uati
* '''henka''' - bias; prejudice - uati
* '''pehu''' - admire; revere - uati
* '''yeua''' - taste; try; sample - uati
* '''make''' - be idle; lazy; negligent; careless - uati
* '''hute''' - flush [out]; purge; rinse - uati
* '''pinya''' - industrious, diligent, hardworking - uati
* '''hita''' - throw; cast; expel - uati [q]
* '''muaka''' - dump; pour; empty out - uati
* '''patsu''' - penalize; punish - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''hasu''' - conjecture; guess; supposition; assumption - uati
* '''putsi''' - intercept; waylay; ambush - uati
* '''kota''' - details; particulars - uati
* '''kupa''' - die; death; [be] dead - uati
* '''muati''' - risk one's life; be in extreme danger - uati
* '''utsu''' - outer space; empty; vacant; unoccupied - uati
* '''kema''' - work; labor; task; job - uati
* '''pusue''' - be superfluous or useless; superfluities - uati
* '''kasu''' - lend; loan; borrow - uati
* '''simya''' - spend; pay out; expense - uati
* '''kyeha''' - get along well; compatible - uati
* '''otsi''' - comply with; abide by; obey - uati
* '''ikyo''' - inspire; incite; instigate - uati
* '''soye''' - index; list - uati
* '''sepa''' - injury; wound; hurt; wound; injure - uati
* '''kosa''' - cut down; mow; eliminate; scythe; sickle - uati
* '''kuasu''' - arbitrary; subjective - uati
* '''tele''' - shave; scrape; peel - uati
* '''mutsi''' - urgent; emergency - uati
* '''huaka''' - tear down; demolish; dismantle - uati
* '''ueko''' - barter; bargain - uati [q]
* '''tlola''' - intersperse; place between; wedge - uati
* '''tlahi''' - convenient; be easy; facilitate - uati [q]
* '''tsami''' - pluck; pull off; pull out; unplug; extract - uati
* '''kyoso''' - compete; competition; match - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''amye''' - be alone; lonely - uati
* '''yanku''' - beg; implore; plead - uati
* '''kanko''' - print; publish; publication; periodical - uati
* '''siye''' - adapt; adjust; get used to sth - uati
* '''ueti''' - remove sb from their post; to dismiss - uati
* '''tloho''' - fall behind; lag; backward; retrogress - uati
* '''keta''' - behave; conduct oneself - uati
* '''uaya''' - ascend; rise; climb; go up; ascent - uati [q]
* '''tlona''' - feed; fuel; nourish - uati
* '''sunta''' - trend; tendency - uati
* '''muto''' - sexiness; sexy; sensual; voluptuous - uati
* '''paue''' - be bland; tedious - uati
* '''suli''' - tired; weary; strain; wear out; taxing - uati
* '''kitsi''' - texture; grain (of wood) - uati
* '''oue''' - subtle; profound; sophisticated - uati
* '''tsita''' - remove; take away; withdraw - uati
* '''uame''' - certain; fixed; sure - uati
* '''tiye''' - medal prize; trophy - uati
* '''tsena''' - funeral; encoffin a corpse; carry burial - uati
* '''totsi''' - investment; to invest - uati
* '''uahu''' - husky; burly; beefy; tall and strong - uati
* '''tlopye''' - rough and coarse; brutish; brutal - uati
* '''holo''' - dig; excavate; scoop out - uati
* '''soko''' - rescue; pluck from danger - uati
* '''kiti''' - accelerate; expedite; speed-up - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''tinta''' - act; play role of  ~ - uati
* '''kuaya''' - praise; applaud; cheer - uati
* '''tsa'u''' - household duties; housework; chore - uati
* '''ualo''' - bring; fetch; get - uati
* '''tlomya''' - crawl; creep; lie prostrate - uati
* '''kane ''' - dispel; refute; repudiate - uati [q]
* '''anapao''' - hangover [warped-head] - uati [x]
* '''yame''' - abolish; annul; abrogate - uati
* '''pusu''' - shake; shock; vibrate - uati
* '''tsihua''' - undertaking; project; activity; program - uati
* '''mona''' - safe; secure; safety; security - uati
* '''pueto''' - be ready/willing do sth - uati
* '''puamanai''' - supper; dinner - uati [x]
* '''nkapi''' - kiss; kiss - uati
* '''hami''' - be pregnant; to carry a child - uati
* '''totsue''' - feeling after cracking one's back - uati
* '''kanue''' - canvas [sail; paitning surface] - uati
* '''tsoto''' - surrender; capitulate; give up - uati
* '''tsiya''' - freedom; liberty; independent - uati
* '''hasa''' - personal; private; secret - uati
* '''kyaho''' - practice; train; drill - uati
* '''tinto''' - extend; reach; stretch - uati
* '''moya''' - mark; symbol; write; spell - uati [q]
* '''tsoyo''' - one of a pair [missing ~] - uati
* '''nasa''' - be born; give birth - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''tinua''' - be firm; resolute; strong - uati [q]
* '''ane''' - take care of; attend to; look after - uati
* '''yano''' - avoid; shun; evade - uati
* '''puta''' - be wrong; false - uati
* '''saha''' - annals; history - uati
* '''tsota''' - breed; reproduce; propagate - uati
* '''tlepa ''' - teach; instruct; educate - uati [q]
* '''tolo''' - entice; tempt; seduce; allure - uati
* '''muapa''' - set apart for a particular use; appropriate - uati
* '''nkampo''' - segment into equal pieces - uati
* '''mesi''' - superstition; be superstitious - uati
* '''tesue''' - encourage; motivate; support - uati
* '''apya''' - be clean; neat; pure; not dirty - uati
* '''uetsa''' - balance up; offset; counterbalance - uati
* '''myana''' - variety; variation; vary - uati
* '''onte''' - will; willpower; determination - uati
* '''kopu''' - knock on a door; rap on something - uati
* '''ntela''' - interact; interplay; interrelated - uati
* '''hueya''' - be a slut; floozy; prostitute; prostitution - uati
* '''tsisa''' - pump [up]; inflate - uati
* '''myene''' - be dazed; stare blankly; distracted - uati
* '''pila''' - crush; grind; pulverize - uati
* '''tsopa''' - pair; a mate; a couple; couple - uati
* '''mota''' - recall; bring mind; reminisce - uati
* '''matse''' - blend; mix; various; stir; merge - uati [q]
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''sutsu''' - muttering; whisper; mouthing words - uati
* '''tenya''' - be elegant; in good taste; refined - uati
* '''tlaho''' - to ease; to relieve; relief - uati
* '''tseta''' - cross [over]; intersect; meeting point - uati [q]
* '''meka''' - be holy; sacred - uati
* '''tseti''' - serious; severe; critical - uati
* '''tseye''' - be exhilarated; be stimulated; be invigorated - uati
* '''tleka''' - be mean; be petty; be cruel - uati
* '''mane''' - prohibit; forbid; ban - uati
* '''kape''' - usurp; overstep one's authority - uati
* '''konte''' - convey; distribute; send - uati [q]
* '''sotso''' - surgical operation; operation; surgery - uati
* '''munya''' - wander about unhurriedly; linger; loiter - uati
* '''mpana''' - wide; broad; extensive; vast; width - uati [q]
* '''mohe''' - install; place; put - uati
* '''tsale''' - splinter; shard; slice; sliver - uati
* '''tatso''' - drift about; wander; roam - uati
* '''hutsu''' - go out to eat/drink - uati
* '''tsomo''' - stand or walk on tiptoe - uati
* '''mutsue''' - disappointed; lose hope; despair - uati
* '''motsua''' - creepy; unnerving; disturbing - uati
* '''hela ''' - comb [fine-toothed] - uati
* '''matsua''' - be flavored; smell; hint of; taste - uati
* '''apu''' - be subsidiary; auxiliary; option - uati
* '''uehyo''' - be available - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''kuetsu''' - precious; valuable; rare - uati
* '''saua''' - damp[ness]; humid[ity]; moist[ness]; wet - uati
* '''pinto''' - swallow it whole; act without thinking - uati
* '''yolo''' - armor; shell - uati
* '''tlipu ''' - suspended by hanging; hung - uati
* '''sutsi''' - recommend; recommendation - uati
* '''nape''' - be cooperative; cooperate; collaborate - uati
* '''tsuya''' - be main; principal; major; primary - uati
* '''hali''' - wonder; marvel - uati
* '''keli''' - pity; pitiable; pitiful - uati
* '''ka'u''' - sit cross-legged - uati
* '''kiha''' - high; tall; above average; long - uati [q]
* '''hopu''' - busy; despondent; hurried - uati
* '''supa''' - prescription; recipe; formula; cookbook - uati
* '''uanta''' - confer; consult; hold a conference - uati
* '''tomo''' - offer; supply; provide; furnish - uati
* '''ku'a''' - to subdue; to overthrow - uati [q]
* '''kuetsa''' - cigarette - uati
* '''petle''' - noise imitative of a fart; raspberry - uati
* '''yoti''' - game; play; sport - uati
* '''uko''' - be sumptuous; a luxury - uati
* '''tlaki''' - unimpeded; at ease; free from worry; fluent - uati
* '''potsa''' - blot; erase; wipe out - uati
* '''napu''' - treaty; agreement; promise; pact - uati
* '''senta''' - mimic; satirize; mock; irony; sarcasm - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''posu''' - award; prize; reward - uati
* '''nipue''' - be dull [not sharp]; blunt - uati
* '''pelo''' - advance; improve; progress - uati
* '''yomuanai''' - breakfast - uati [x]
* '''mpoho''' - gift; a present; an offering - uati [q]
* '''kame''' - be artless; innocent; naive - uati
* '''suama''' - sew; seam; mend; stitch - uati
* '''tepe''' - conceal; cover; shield; shelter - uati
* '''sili''' - skim (through a book); dip into; dabble - uati
* '''pako''' - be fresh; new; young; meso- - uati [q]
* '''minte''' - keepsake; souvenir; memorabilia - uati
* '''kula''' - take up time; spend time - uati
* '''onko''' - aloud; be loud - uati
* '''huta''' - bury; buried; interred - uati
* '''tseyo''' - loose; loosen; relax - uati
* '''humpa''' - differentiate; distinguish; discriminate - uati
* '''milo''' - bubble; foam; suds - uati
* '''huku''' - courteously wait everyone sit before eating - uati
* '''sinta''' - finacial credit - uati
* '''tetla''' - contribution; donation; offer - uati
* '''paha''' - be evil; fierce; vicious; ugly; coarse - uati
* '''mohi''' - discredit; smear sb's name; bring shame upon - uati
* '''tsehue''' - pick teeth; toothpick - uati
* '''sumi''' - repress emotional expression - uati
* '''kote ''' - divulge; leak out - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''seku''' - to plan; to lay out; to design; policy - uati
* '''sata''' - administer; govern; manage; control - uati [q]
* '''nuka''' - joke; banter; tease; mock - uati
* '''pake''' - ring; hoop; loop; (chain) link - uati
* '''silo''' - tender; puerile; soft and immature - uati
* '''seya''' - seal; sign; stamp - uati
* '''tsuna''' - join; connect; link up; communicate - uati [q]
* '''paka''' - stupid; foolish; silly; clumsy - uati
* '''etle''' - postpone; defer; stall; stave off; prolong - uati [q]
* '''muka''' - facing; towards sb/st - uati
* '''tosu''' - fragrant; sweet smelling; aromatic - uati
* '''hape''' - pellet; pill; chunk - uati [q]
* '''ehua''' - worsen; impair; make worse - uati
* '''noko''' - continue unchanged; remain; stay behind - uati
* '''tsopi''' - retreat; withdraw; recede - uati
* '''tomua''' - hire; rent; charter; lease out; [slave] - uati
* '''tampi''' - taboo; to avoid sth (as taboo) - uati
* '''tonye''' - be automatic; voluntary - uati
* '''ueki''' - misfortune; crisis; critical situation; disaster - uati
* '''tlotsua''' - corrode; erode; rust - uati
* '''opa''' - be dangerous; danger; peril; endanger - uati
* '''ueku''' - review; look back; appraise - uati
* '''tloue''' - vacation; to go on ~ - uati
* '''kosi''' - be formal; be official; be ceremonial - uati [q]
* '''manta''' - logic; principle - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''noma''' - thing; matter; object; noun - uati
* '''kuyo''' - intrinsic to sth; inherent; native; essential; innate - uati
* '''uasi''' - acquire; obtain; get; take - uati [q]
* '''muanya''' - opening made by parting; gap; hole - uati
* '''kyo'a''' - quiet; silence; soundless - uati
* '''tsento''' - diagnosis; determine cause - uati
* '''uento''' - be prey; victim - uati
* '''tlotso''' - loot; plunder; rob - uati
* '''tsuto''' - be curly-haired - uati
* '''hate''' - develop; make full use of; evolve - uati
* '''tsatla''' - pop knuckles; crack bones - uati
* '''tasi''' - be comical; funny; amusing - uati
* '''tlatsa''' - fire; flame; burn - uati [q]
* '''huli''' - moan; hum; mutter; mumble; murmur - uati
* '''nyana''' - algorithm; program [computer]; function - uati
* '''tonya''' - collapse; disintegrate; crumble - uati
* '''sula''' - melt; fuse; dissolve - uati
* '''tsina''' - tame; domesticate; docile - uati
* '''kito''' - subsist; survive - uati
* '''tlipua''' - glide; soar - uati
* '''tsula''' - celebration; party; social gathering; festival - uati
* '''uatli''' - inferior; of lower quality - uati
* '''tlompa''' - bomb; explosive; explode - uati
* '''uapi''' - blemish; defect; flaw - uati
* '''mako''' - absorb; assimilate; ingest - uati
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''''' -  -
* '''nulo''' - smear; daub; apply - uati
* '''su'u''' - still; calm; quiet; not moving; static; stasis - uati
* '''ono''' - delight - uati
* '''koha''' - wistfulness; nostalgia; be homesick - uati
* '''nyauela''' - outside of; exterior to - uati [x]
* '''soya''' - omit; delete; leave out - uati
* '''pasue''' - drain; divert water; run dry - uati
* '''saya''' - soothe; be calm; relax - uati
* '''pa'a''' - be well-ordered; regular; organized - uati
* '''atlo''' - fairness; justice; righteousness - uati
* '''yempu''' - handle; deal with; cope; get by with - uati
* '''hoyo''' - companion; fellow; friend - uati [q]
* '''enku''' - confidential; secret; hush-hush - uati
* '''yesa''' - still; calm; not moving; peace; tranquil - uati
* '''umpa''' - hinge; pivot; fulcrum - uati
* '''keua''' - abandon; discard; spurn; forsake - uati
* '''nohya''' - bundle; pack; wrap - uati
* '''koma''' - conceal; hide away [lurk] - uati
* '''soyo''' - be abstract; abstraction - uati
* '''sonu''' - outcome; result; conclusion; as a result - uati


= Verbs =
= Verbs =


Notes:
== Tense ==
 
== Aspect ==
 
== Mood ==


    Verbs roots are either active or stative by default
= Derivation =
        Voice/valency suffixes can be added to conjugate/derive a new stem that switches active vs. stative
        Verb arguments are either active or stative as well, as defined by their head noun or determiner
        The verb & it's voice/valency determine which type of arguments are used
    For word orders below:
        S = active argument (more agentive: think nominative/ergative)
        O = stative argument (more patientive: think accusative/absolutive)
    Word orders:
        Stative intransitive verb: VO
        Stative transitive verb: VOS
        Active intransitive verb: VS
        Active transitive verb: VSO


= Lexicon =


= links =


* akana.conlang.org/wiki/Gezoro /
== Roots ==
* akana.conlang.org/wiki/Kataputi#Basic_word_order
* akana.conlang.org//wiki/Kuyʔūn
* akana.conlang.org/wiki/Lotoka
* akana.conlang.org/wiki/Mhakh_Thandim
* akana.conlang.org/wiki/Ndak_Ta/Grammar_-_Additional_stuff
* akana.conlang.org/wiki/Ndok_Aisô
* akana.conlang.org/wiki/Ronc_Tyu/Serial_verb_constructions
* andes.org/q_grammar.html
* citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.584.1943&rep=rep1&type=pdf
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee_language
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickasaw_language
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_grammar#Coverbs
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choctaw_language
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Nahuatl_grammar
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_grammar /
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koasati_language
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakota_language
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscogee_language#Grammar
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechuan_languages#Grammar /
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_grammar /
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaqui_language
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuchi_language
* pomax.github.io/nrGrammar/
* zompist.com/quechua.html
* zompist.com/vergram.html#Valence

Latest revision as of 11:51, 8 February 2022

Introduction

Amal is meant to be a personal (or artistic) conlang and despite appearances and structure is not intended as an IAL. Amal is phonologically inspired by Semitic languages but incorporates aspects and lemma of numerous natural languages, in an effort to be euphonious and easy to use/learn.

Amal is an agglutinative language. Its vocabulary consists of basic roots which can be extended into different parts of speech, their meaning changed or modified, with various suffixes. Most of the suffixes are optional, so that there is a choice of what sort of information to convey with a given word.

Phonology

Consonants

consonants
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Labiovelar Glottal
Plosives p   b t   d k   g ʔ
Nasals m n
Fricatives s ʃ x
Approximants l j w h~ɦ
Trill r~ɹ

Note: The glottal stop /ʔ/ q, is used as a "buffer" to keep vowels apart when adding suffixes. /x/ and /h~ɦ/ are actually allophones.

Spelling

  • /ʔ/ is written as q
  • /ʃ/ always as sh
  • /h~ɦ/ as h
  • /j/ as y

Latin letters that only appear in loan words include c, f, j, v, z.

Allophony

Vowels

vowels
Front Central Back
Close i~ɪ u~ʊ
Mid e~ɛ o
Open a~ə

The vowels can be marked with an acute accent — á, é, í, ú — for two purposes: to mark stress if it does not follow the most common pattern, or to differentiate words that are otherwise spelled identically.

Diphthongs

Phonotactics

Syllable Structure

Roots and Word Formation

Vowel Concordance

Word Order

Nouns

Case

Gender

Plurality

Pronouns

Case

Direct Object Incorporation

Pronominal Suffixes

Numbers

Verbs

Tense

Aspect

Mood

Derivation

Lexicon

Roots