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Senjecas weather: Difference between revisions

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==Pronunciation table==
==Pronunciation table==
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:1000px;"
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:1150px;"
!p
! colspan="6" | <center>'''peműko'''<br>(labial)</center>
!b
!f
!v
!m̃
!m
|
|
|
|
!t
! colspan="6" | '''riisűko'''<br>(dental)
!d
!l
|
|
|
|
!
! colspan="6" | '''muitűko'''<br>(alveolar)
!s
!z
!r
!n
|
|
|
|
!k
! colspan="6-" | '''vainűko'''<br>(palatal)
!g
!x
![[Wikipedia:Gha|ƣ]]
!h
![[Wikipedia:Yogh|ȝ]]
|
|
|
|
!š
! colspan="2" |
!s̨
|
|
|
|
!i
! colspan="6" | '''ṡ̨uuše̋nos'''<br>(vowels with प)
!e
!a
![[Wikipedia:Ogonek#Similar diacritics|oo]]
!o
!u
|
|
|
|
!ĭ
! colspan="3" | '''nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos'''<br>(weak vowels)
|-
|-
|/p/
! <center>p</center>
|/b/
! b
|/ɸ/
! f
|/β/
! v
|/m̥/
! m̃
|/m/
! m
|
|
|
|
|/t/
! t
|/d/
! d
|/θ/
! þ
|/ð/
! ð
|/l̥/
! ɫ
|/l/
! l
|
|
|
|
|/ʦ/
! ṡ
|/ʣ/
! ż
|/s/
! s
|/z/
! z
|/ɾ̥/
! r
|/n/
! n
|
|
|
|
|/k/
! k
|/g/
! g
|/ç/
! x
|/ʝ/
! [[Wikipedia:Gha|ƣ]]
|/j̊/
! h
|/j/
! [[Wikipedia:Yogh|ȝ]]
|
|
|
|
|/sʷ/
! š
|/sʲ/
! s̨
|
|
|
|
|/i/
! i  
|/e/
! e
|/ä/
! a
|/ɒ/
! [[Wikipedia:O|ɔ]]
|/o/
! o
|/u/
! u
|
|
|
|
|/ɪ/
! ı
|/ɛ/
! ɛ
|/ʊ/
! y
|-
! <center>प</center>
! ब
! फ
! भ
! म़
! म
|
|
! त
! द
! थ
! ध
! ल़
! ल
|
|
! च
! ज
! स
! स़
! र
! न
|
|
! क
! ग
! क़
! [[Wikipedia:Gha|ग़]]
! ह
! [[Wikipedia:Yogh|य]]
|
|
! स्व
! स्य
|
|
! इ ई<br>पि पी
! ए एै<br>पे पै
! अ आ<br>प पा
! ऒ ॵ<br>पॊ पॏ
! ओ औ<br>पो पौ
! उ ऊ<br>पु पू
|
|
! पं
! पऺ
! पॅ
|-
| /p/
| /b/
| /ɸ/
| /β/
| /m̥/
| /m/
!
!
| /t/
| /d/
| /θ/
| /ð/
| /l̥/
| /l/
!
!
| /ʦ/
| /ʣ/
| /s/
| /z/
| /ɾ̥/
| /n/
!
!
| /k/
| /g/
| /ç/
| /ʝ/
| /j̊/
| /j/
!
!
| /sʷ/
| /sʲ/
!
!
| /i/
| /e/
| /ä/
| /ɒ/
| /o/
| /u/
!
!
| /ɪ/
| /ɛ/
| /ʊ/
|}
|}


==Notes==
==Notes==
*[[Wikipedia:Affix|''afx'']] = a word formed from a root and an affix, ''e.g.'', '''ƣosı̋ɠo''', blizzard < '''ƣo''', ''emphati;c prefix'' + '''sı̋ɠo''', snow storm.
#[[Wikipedia:Affix|''afx'']] = a word formed from a root and an affix, ''e.g.'', '''ƣosı̋ɠo''', blizzard < '''ƣo''', ''emphati;c prefix'' + '''sı̋ɠo''', snow storm.
*''cpd'' = a compound of two or more roots, ''e.g.'', '''ṡűṡa''', ''t.v.'' whirl-, swirl-, (-around) + '''m̃e̋e̋e''', wind = '''ṡusm̃e̋e̋e''', whirlwind.
#''cpd'' = a compound of two or more roots, ''e.g.'', '''ṡűṡa''', ''t.v.'' whirl-, swirl-, (-around) + '''m̃e̋e̋e''', wind = '''ṡusm̃e̋e̋e''', whirlwind.
*''drv'' = a word derived from a root, ''e.g.'', '''m̃e̋e̋e''', wind < '''m̃e̋e̋a''', to blow.
#''drv'' = a word derived from a root, ''e.g.'', '''m̃e̋e̋e''', wind < '''m̃e̋e̋a''', to blow.
*These words are not numbered, as only original roots are numbered.
#These words are not numbered, as only original roots are numbered.
*At the end  is a legend, Total: Total: 47/2+0/0.4%. This means that there are 47 root words ([[Wikipedia:Lemma (morphology)|lemmata]]) of which two are verbs and none are adjectives which can be treated as stative verbs. The last number means that 0.4 percent of the vocabulary is verbs.
#There are 49 root words ([[Wikipedia:Lemma (morphology)|lemmata]]) of which 2 are verbs and none are adjectives which can be treated as stative verbs. Thus .04 percent of the vocabulary is verbs.




==Precipitation - '''aamfőőlra'''==
==Precipitation - '''aamfőőlra'''==
===Rain - '''sűűm̃e'''===
===Rain - '''sűűm̃e'''===
*cpd '''aamfőőlra''', precipitation [< '''a̋a̋me''', water; '''főőla''', ''i.v.'' fall].
*''cpd'' '''aamfőőlra''', precipitation ['''a̋a̋me''', water; '''főőla''', ''i.v.'' fall].
*cpd '''ȝeƣsűűm̃|o''', sleet. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' sleet [< '''ȝe̋ƣo''', ice; '''sűűm̃e''', rain].
*''cpd'' '''ȝeƣsűűm̃|o''', sleet. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' sleet ['''ȝe̋go''', ice; '''sűűm̃e''', rain].
*001 '''ka̋in|o''', mist, fog, haze [> Viscayan ''<u>kain</u>'', fog] . '''-a''', ''i.v.'' mist, fog (up). '''-i''', ''adj.'' misty, foggy, hazy. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' mist, fog (up), befog. '''-ı̋ho''', fog bank. '''-ka̋ðo''', shroud of mist. '''-la̋þo''', foggy weather. '''–ta''', mistiness, fogginess, haziness.
*001 '''ka̋in|o''', fog [> [[Wikipedia:Biscayan dialect|Biscayan]] '''<u>kain</u>''', fog]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' fog (up). '''-i''', ''adj.'' foggy. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' fog (up), befog. '''-ı̋ho''', fog bank. '''-la̋þo''', foggy weather. '''–ta''', fogginess.
*002 '''musűro''', heavy rainfall, cloudburst; '''~om sűűm̃a''', rain heavily [> Telugu ''<u>musur</u>u'', constant rain].
*002 '''me̋iƣ|o''', mist, haze [> Old Greek ''ο<u>μίχ</u>λη'', mist]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' mist. '''-i''', ''adj.'' misty, hazy. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' mist. '''-ı̋ho''', fog bank. '''-ka̋ðo''', shroud of mist. '''–ta''', mistiness haziness.
*003 '''rő|so''', dew [> Latin ''<u>rōs</u>'', dew]. '''-si''', ''adj.'' dewy. '''-sı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' bedew, dew. '''-s̈e̋ibo''', dewdrop.
*003 '''musűre''', heavy rainfall, cloudburst; '''~om sűűm̃a''', rain heavily [> [[Wikipedia:Telugu language|Telugu]] ''<u>musur</u>u'', constant rain].
*004 '''sűűm̃|e''', [''anim.''] rain [> Old Greek ''<u>ὑ</u>ει'', rain]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' rain. '''-főőla''', rainfall. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' rain. ''-se̋ibo''', raindrop.
*004 '''rő|so''', dew [> Latin ''<u>rōs</u>'', dew]. '''-si''', ''adj.'' dewy. '''-sı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' bedew, dew. '''-s̈e̋ibo''', dewdrop.
*005 '''ṡa̋d|o''', shower [> PUr *''<u>śad</u>a'', rain]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' shower.
*005 '''sűűm̃|e''', [''anim.''] rain [> Old Greek ''<u>ὑ</u>ει'', rain]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' rain. '''-főőla''', rainfall. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' rain. ''-se̋ibo'', raindrop.
*006 '''ṡı̋n|o''', drizzle [> Tamil ''<u>ciṇ</u>ukku'', drizzle]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' drizzle.
*006 '''ṡa̋d|o''', shower [> Proto-Uralic *''<u>śad</u>a'', rain]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' shower.
*007 '''že̋l|o''', downpour [> Georgian ''<u>zɣwel</u>'', pour down]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' pour (down).
*007 '''ṡı̋n|o''', drizzle [> Tamil ''<u>ciṇ</u>ukku'', drizzle]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' drizzle.
*008 '''že̋l|o''', downpour [> Georgian ''<u>zɣwel</u>'', pour down]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' pour (down).
 
===Snow/Ice - '''tőm̃o'''/'''ȝe̋go'''===
*009 '''alűngo''', snow bank [> [[Wikipedia:Greenlandic language|Greenland Inupik]] ''<u>alut</u>sinniq'', snow cliff].
*''cpd'' '''haþȝe̋go''', thin coating of ice on rock.
*010 '''ȝe̋|go''', ice [> English ic<u>icle</u>]. '''-ƣl̨űűno''', falling graupel. '''-ƣtőm̃o''', fallen graupel.
*011 '''ke̋r|o''', frozen crust on snow [> Finnish ''<u>ker</u>te'', thin crust on snow]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' form a crust on snow.
*012 '''kı̋rmo''', thin covering of snow [> Turkish ''<u>kɨr</u>aɣu'', hoarfrost].
*013 '''l̨űűn|o''', falling snow [> Korean 눈 ''<u>nun</u>'', snow]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' snow. '''–ko''', flurry. '''-pa̋vo''', snowflake. '''-ri''', ''adj.'' snowy, niveous. '''-ro''', snowfall.
*014 '''műƣro''', soft snow [> [[Wikipedia:Chaplino dialect|Chaplino]] ''<u>muʁ</u>ája'', soft snow].
*015 '''m̃a̋ṡo''', wet snow [> [[Wikipedia:Saami|Saami]] ''<u>vuoǯ</u>'ǯe'', wet bare ice].
*016 '''m̃őpo''', sleeping hole in the snow [> [[Wikipedia:Enets language|Enets]] ''<u>báʔ</u>a'', sleeping place].
*017 '''nila̋ƣo''', freshwater ice [> [[Wikipedia:Greenlandic language|Inupik]] ''<u>nilaɣ-</u>'', glazed frost].
*018 '''őőko''', ice hole.
*''cpd'' '''pustőm̃o''', [[Wikipedia:Firn|firn]] ['''pűṡa''', ''t.v.'' compress; '''tőm̃o''', fallen snow].
*019 '''rı̋no''', snow on trees [> [[Wikipedia:Saami|Saami]] ''<u>rid</u>ne'', rime on trees].
*020 '''rűƣ|a''', ''i.v.'' melt [''of ice''] [> [[Wikipedia:Iñupiat|Western Canadian Inupik]] ''<u>aujaq</u>'', summer]. '''-o''', melting ice or snow.
*021 '''sőso''', muddy snow [> Finnish ''<u>sos</u>e'', mash].
*022 '''sűð|o''', frost [> [[Wikipedia:Mansi language|Mansi]] ''<u>šaĺ</u>'', frost]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' frost. '''-i''', ''adj.'' frosty. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' frost.
*023 '''s̨őmo''', hoarfrost, rime [> Japanese しも ''<u>shim</u>ó'', frost].
*024 '''s̨űng|o''', [[Wikipedia:Frazil ice|frazil ice]], grease ice, slush. '''-i''', ''adj.'' slushy.
*025 '''ṡ̨a̋a̋to''', icicle.
*026 '''ṡ̨a̋g|o''', frozen snow [> Korean 차 ''<u>cha</u>'', cold]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' become frozen [''of snow''].
*027 '''tő|m̃o''', fallen snow [> Georgian თოვლი ''<u>tov</u>li'', snow]. '''-m̃da̋ko''', blanket of snow ['''da̋ko''', blanket]. '''-m̃ka̋ði''', ''adj.'' snow-, -covered, –capped ['''ka̋ða''', ''t.v.'' cover]. '''-m̤̃e̋e̋o''', snowdrift ['''m̃e̋e̋e''', wind]. '''-m̃i''', ''adj.'' snowy, niveous. '''-m̃rı̋ı̋no''', [[Wikipedia:Sastrugi|sastruga]] ['''rı̋ı̋no''', ridge].
*028 '''t̨ől|o''', hail [> Turkish ''<u>dol</u>u'', hail]. '''-ðűűo''', hailstorm ['''ðűűo''', storm]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' hail. '''-ta̋a̋ino''', hailstone ['''ta̋a̋ino''', stone].
 
 
==Wind - '''m̃e̋e̋e'''==
*''cpd'' '''aamṡűṡo''', waterspout ['''a̋a̋me''', flowing water; '''ṡűṡa''', ''i.v.'' whirl].
*029 '''anṡa̋ƣo''', wind off the land [> [[Wikipedia:Nunivak Cup'ig language|Nunivak]] ''<u>ancaʁ</u>nǝq'', outgoing tide].
*030 '''a̋nþe''', north wind [> Etruscan ''<u>anth</u>a'', north wind].
*031 '''a̋rƣ|a''', windward [> [[Wikipedia:Greenlandic language|Inupik]] ''<u>asus</u>uuʁ-'', against wind]. '''-ɛþim''', ''adv.'' windward. '''-i''', ''adj.'' windward.
*032 '''ha̋inṡe''', very cold wind [> [[Wikipedia:Gipuzkoan dialect|Gipuzkoan]] ''<u>antz</u>igar'', very cold wind].
*033 '''kana̋ke''', wind from off the sea [> Alaskan Yupik ''<u>kanak</u>ǝq'', wind from the sea].
*''pol'' '''m̃e̋e̋|e''', wind [''anim.'']; '''ðuu~''', storm wind ['''ðűűo''', storm]; '''reið~''', fair wind  ['''re̋iða''', ride]; '''tar~''', crosswind ['''ta̋ra''', ''t.v.'' cross]; '''þoos~''', headwind ['''þőősa''', ''t.v.'' oppose] ['''m̃e̋e̋a''', ''t.v.'' blow]. '''-i''', ''adj.'' windy. '''-ke''', breeze, zephyr;
*''pol'' '''na̋bo''', gust [< '''na̋ba''', burst].
*034 '''ne̋nge''', south wind [> Japanese みなみかぜ ''<u>mìn</u>amikaze'', south wind].
*035 '''pőőðe''', east wind.
*''cpd'' '''sausm̃e̋e̋e''', [[Wikipedia:Halny|foehn]] ['''sa̋usi''', ''adj.'' dry].
*036 '''űmto''', draft [> [[Wikipedia:Greenlandic language|Inupik]] ''<u>uss</u>aʁniq'', draft].
*037 '''za̋le''', west wind [> Turkish ''<u>yel</u>'', wind].
 
 
==Storms - '''ðűűos'''==
*038 '''ðűű|o''', storm [> Greek ''<u>θΰ</u>ω'', storm]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' storm, be stormy. '''-i''', ''adj.'' stormy, inclement. '''-ko''', squall.
*''cpd'' '''ðuum̃ðűűo''', dust storm ['''ðűűm̃o''', dust].
*''cpd'' '''ðuum̃ne̋vo''', dustcloud ['''ðűűm̃o''', dust; '''ne̋vo''', cloud].
*039 '''he̋l|e''', [''anim.''] lightning [> Georgian ელვა ''<u>el</u>va'', lightning]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' lightning. '''-pa̋a̋ugo''', lightning flash ['''pa̋a̋ugo''', flash].
*''cpd'' '''ȝersűűm̃e''', monsoon ['''ȝe̋ra''', season; '''sűűm̃e''', rain].
*''cpd'' '''lila̋þo''', foul weather ['''lı̋o''', mud; '''la̋þo''', weather].
*''drv'' '''ƣosı̋go''', blizzard [< '''ƣo-''', ''emphatic prefix''; '''sı̋go''', snow storm].
*040 '''sı̋go''', snow storm [> Mongolian ''<u>siɣ</u>urɣa(n)'', snow storm].
*041 '''sűr|e''', [''anim.''] whirlwind, cyclone, twister; '''aus̈űre''', typhoon ['''a̋usa''', east]; '''m̃es̈űre''', hurricane ['''m̃e̋sa''', west] [> Tamil ''<u>cūr</u>_ai'', whirlwind]. '''-i''', ''adj.'' cyclonic.
*042 '''tőn|o''', thunder [> Latin ''<u>ton</u>āre'', thunder]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' thunder. '''-ðűűo''', thunderstorm. '''-he̋lo''', thunderbolt. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' thunder. '''-ƣőrmo''', thunderclap.
 


==Snow/Ice==
==Clouds - '''ne̋vos'''==
*008 alűngo, snow bank [PEsk *aluŋ-, snow bank > Greenland Inupik alutsinniq, snow cliff].
*''cpd'' '''ðuune̋vo''', storm cloud, thundercloud, nimbostratus cloud ['''ðűűo''', storm].
*cpd haþȝe̋go, thin coating of ice on rock [< ?; ȝe̋go, ice].
*''cpd'' '''gumne̋vo''', cumulus cloud ['''gűmo''', heap].
*009 ȝe̋|go, ice [PIE *yeg-, ice > English icicle]. -ƣl̨űűno, falling graupel. -ƣtőm̃o, fallen graupel.
*043 '''mőko''', cirrus cloud.
*010 ke̋r|o, frozen crust on snow [PUr *ke/irte, thin snow or ice crust >  Finnish kerte, thin crust on snow]. -a, i.v. form a crust on snow.
*044 '''ne̋v|o''', cloud. [> English <u>neb</u>ulous]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' cloud, become cloudy. '''-ðı̋ho''', cloud bank. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' cloud over, becloud. '''-mi''', ''adj.'' cloudy, clouded. '''-m̃e̋e̋o''', clouddrift ['''m̃e̋e̋o''', drift]. '''-ri''', ''adj.'' cloudy, overcast.
*011 kı̋rmo, thin covering of snow [PAlt *k`ĭrma, hoarfrost > Turkish  kɨraɣu, hoarfrost].
*''cpd'' '''suum̃ne̋vo''', raincloud ['''sűűm̃e''', rain].
*012 l̨űűn|o, falling snow [PAlt *ĺū̀ńi, snow > Korean nun, snow]. -a, i.v. snow. –ko, flurry. -pa̋vo, snowflake. -ri, adj. snowy, niveous. -ro, snowfall.
*045 '''še̋rgo''', cloudy sky [> Dutch ''<u>zwerk</u>'', heavens].
*013 műƣro, soft snow [PEsk *muʁru-, soft snow > Chaplino muʁája, soft snow].
*014 m̃a̋ṡo, wet snow [PUr *waća, wet snow > Saami vuoǯ'ǯe, wet bare ice].
*015 m̃őpo, sleeping hole in the snow [PUr *mop, sleeping hole in snow > Enets báʔa, sleeping place].
*016 nila̋ƣo, freshwater ice [PEsk *ńila-ɣ, freshwater ice > Greenlandic Inupik nilaɣ-, glazed frost].
*017 őőko, ice hole [?].
*cpd pustőm̃o, firn [< pűṡa, t.v. compress; tőm̃o, fallen snow].
*018 rı̋no, snow on trees [PUr *rine, snow on trees > Sami ridne, rime on trees].
*019 rűƣ|a, i.v. melt [of ice] [PEsk. *aru-(ɣ-), melt > Western Canadian Inupik aujaq, summer]. -o, melting ice.
*020 sőso, muddy snow [PUr *sose, snow squash > Finnish sose, mash].
*021 sűð|o, frost [PUr *śuδ́a, frost > Mansi šaĺ, frost]. -a, i.v. frost. -i, adj. frosty. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. frost.
*022 s̨őmo, hoarfrost, rime [PAlt *si̯òmì, hoarfrost > Japanese shimó, frost].
*023 s̨űng|o, frazil ice, grease ice, slush [?]. -i, adj. slushy.
*024 ṡ̨a̋a̋to, icicle [?].
*025 ṡ̨a̋g|o, frozen snow [PAlt. *č`i̯aga, frozen snow > Korean ha-, cold]. -a, i.v. become frozen [of snow].
*026 tő|m̃o, fallen snow [PKar *(ś)tow-, snow > Georgian tov-, snow]. -m̃da̋ko, blanket of snow [< da̋ko, blanket]. -m̃ka̋ði, adj. snow-, -covered,–capped [< ka̋ða, t.v. cover]. -m̤̃e̋e̋o, snowdrift [< m̃e̋e̋e, wind]. -m̃i, adj. snowy, niveous. -m̃rı̋ı̋no, sastruga [< rı̋ı̋no, ridge].
*027 t̨ől|o, hail [PAlt *ti̯òlú, hail > Turkish dolu, hail]. -ðűűo, hailstorm [< ðűűo, storm]. -a, i.v. hail. -ta̋a̋ino, hailstone [< ta̋a̋ino, stone].


==Wind - m̃e̋e̋e==
*cpd aamṡűṡo, waterspout [< a̋a̋me, flowing water; ṡűṡa,  i.v. whirl].
*028 anṡa̋ƣo, wind off the land [PEsk *aŋca-ʁ-, outgoing wind > Nunivak ancaʁnǝq, outgoing tide].
*029 a̋nþe, north wind [> Etruscan antha, north wind].
*030 a̋rƣ|a, windward [PEsk ? > Inupik asusuuʁ-, against wind]. '''-ĕþim''', ''adv.'' windward. '''-i''', ''adj.'' windward.
*031 ha̋inṡe, very cold wind [PBas *Hainc-, very cold wind > Gipuzkoan antzigar, very cold wind].
*032 kana̋ke, wind from off the sea [PEsk *kanak, wind from the sea > Alaskan Yupik kanakǝq, wind from the sea].
*pol m̃e̋e̋|e, wind [anim.] [< m̃e̋e̋a, t.v. blow]. -i, adj. windy. -ke, breeze, zephyr; ðuu~, storm wind [< ðűűo, storm]; reið~, fair wind  [< re̋iða, ride]; tar~, crosswind [< ta̋ra, t.v. cross]; þoos~, headwind [< þőősa, t.v. oppose].
*pol na̋bo, gust [< na̋ba, burst].
*033 ne̋nge, south wind [< PAlt *ńéŋńi, south wind > Japanese mìnami, south wind].
*034 pőőðe, east wind.
*cpd  sausm̃e̋e̋e, [[Wikipedia:Halny|foehn]] [< sa̋usi, adj. dry].
*035 űmto, draft [PEsk *umtǝ-, draft > Inupik ussaʁniq, draft].
*036 za̋le west wind [PAlt *zăli, wind > Turkish yel, wind].


==Storms==
==Fair sky - '''ga̋no'''==
*037 ðűű|o, storm [PIE *dhū, storm > Greek θΰω, storm]. -a, i.v. storm, be stormy. -i, adj. stormy, inclement. -ko, squall.
*046 '''ga̋no''', clear, fair sky [> Japaneseあめ ''<u>ám</u>e'' sky].
*cpd ðuum̃ðűűo, dust storm [< ðűűm̃o, dust; ðűűo, storm].
*047 '''őv|o''', heat of the sun. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' heat [''by the sun'']. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' heat [''by the sun''].
*cpd ðuum̃ne̋vo, dustcloud [< ðűűm̃o, dust; ne̋vo, cloud].
*048 '''tulı̋mo''', rainbow [> [[Wikipedia:Iñupiat|Inupik]] ''<u>tulim</u>(m)aq'', rainbow].
*038 he̋l|e, [anim.] lightning [PKar *(h)el-, ligntning > Georgian el-, glimmer (of lightning)]. -a, i.v. lightning. -pa̋a̋ugo, lightning flash.  
*049 '''vı̋ı̋l|o''', fine-, good-, pleasant-, -weather [> English <u>bli</u>the]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' be fine, good, pleasant [''weather'']. '''-i''', ''adj.'' fine, good, pleasant [''weather''].
*cpd ȝersűűm̃e, monsoon [< ȝe̋ra, season; sűűm̃e, rain].
*cpd lila̋þo, foul weather [< lı̋o, mud; la̋þo, weather].
*drv ƣosı̋go, blizzard [< ƣo-, emphatic prefix; sı̋go, snow storm].
*039 sı̋go, snow storm [PAlt *sigí, snow storm > Mongolian siɣurɣa(n), snow storm].
*040 sűr|e, [anim.] whirlwind, cyclone, twister; aus̈űre, typhoon [< a̋usa, east]; m̃es̈űre, hurricane [< m̃e̋sa, west] [PDrav *sur_-, whirlwind > Tamil cūr_ai, whirlwind]. -i, adj. cyclonic.
*041 tőn|o, thunder [PIE *(s)tena-, thunder > Lat. tonāre, thunder]. -a, i.v. thunder. -ðűűo, thunderstorm. -he̋lo, thunderbolt. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. thunder. -ƣőrmo, thunder-clap.


==Clouds==
*cpd ðuune̋vo, storm cloud, thundercloud, nimbostratus cloud [< ðűűo, storm; ne̋vo, cloud].
*cpd gumne̋vo, cumulus cloud [< gűmo, heap; ne̋vo, cloud].
*042 mőko, cirrus cloud [?].
*043 ne̋v|o, cloud. [PIE *nebh-lā-, cloud > English nebulous]. -a, i.v. cloud, become cloudy. -ðı̋ho, cloud bank. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. cloud over, becloud. -mi, adj. cloudy, clouded. -m̃e̋e̋o, clouddrift [< m̃e̋e̋o, drift]. -ri, adj. cloudy, overcast.
*cpd  suum̃ne̋vo, raincloud [< sűűm̃e, rain; ne̋vo, cloud].
*044 še̋rgo, cloudy sky [PIE *swerg, cloudy sky > Dutch zwerk, heavens].


==Fair==
[[Senjecas wildlife]]
*045 ga̋no, clear, fair sky [PAlt *ŋăńa, clear sky > Japanese áme sky].
*046 őv|o, heat of the sun. -a, i.v. heat [by the sun]. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. heat [by the sun].
*047 tulı̋mo, rainbow [PEsk *tulima-, rainbow > Inupik tulim(m)aq,  rainbow].
*048 vı̋ı̋l|o, fine-, good-, pleasant-, -weather [PIE *bhlī, fine > English blithe]. -a, i.v. be fine, good, pleasant [weather]. -i, adj. fine, good, pleasant [''weather''].

Latest revision as of 17:52, 4 May 2024

Pronunciation table

peműko
(labial)
riisűko
(dental)
muitűko
(alveolar)
vainűko
(palatal)
ṡ̨uuše̋nos
(vowels with प)
nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos
(weak vowels)
p
b f v m t d þ ð ɫ l ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š i e a ɔ o u ı ɛ y
म़ ल़ स़ क़ ग़ स्व स्य इ ई
पि पी
ए एै
पे पै
अ आ
प पा
ऒ ॵ
पॊ पॏ
ओ औ
पो पौ
उ ऊ
पु पू
पं पऺ पॅ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ɪ/ /ɛ/ /ʊ/

Notes

  1. afx = a word formed from a root and an affix, e.g., ƣosı̋ɠo, blizzard < ƣo, emphati;c prefix + sı̋ɠo, snow storm.
  2. cpd = a compound of two or more roots, e.g., ṡűṡa, t.v. whirl-, swirl-, (-around) + m̃e̋e̋e, wind = ṡusm̃e̋e̋e, whirlwind.
  3. drv = a word derived from a root, e.g., m̃e̋e̋e, wind < m̃e̋e̋a, to blow.
  4. These words are not numbered, as only original roots are numbered.
  5. There are 49 root words (lemmata) of which 2 are verbs and none are adjectives which can be treated as stative verbs. Thus .04 percent of the vocabulary is verbs.


Precipitation - aamfőőlra

Rain - sűűm̃e

  • cpd aamfőőlra, precipitation [a̋a̋me, water; főőla, i.v. fall].
  • cpd ȝeƣsűűm̃|o, sleet. -a, i.v. sleet [ȝe̋go, ice; sűűm̃e, rain].
  • 001 ka̋in|o, fog [> Biscayan kain, fog]. -a, i.v. fog (up). -i, adj. foggy. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. fog (up), befog. -ı̋ho, fog bank. -la̋þo, foggy weather. –ta, fogginess.
  • 002 me̋iƣ|o, mist, haze [> Old Greek ομίχλη, mist]. -a, i.v. mist. -i, adj. misty, hazy. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. mist. -ı̋ho, fog bank. -ka̋ðo, shroud of mist. –ta, mistiness haziness.
  • 003 musűre, heavy rainfall, cloudburst; ~om sűűm̃a, rain heavily [> Telugu musuru, constant rain].
  • 004 rő|so, dew [> Latin rōs, dew]. -si, adj. dewy. -sı̋d̨a, t.v. bedew, dew. -s̈e̋ibo, dewdrop.
  • 005 sűűm̃|e, [anim.] rain [> Old Greek ει, rain]. -a, i.v. rain. -főőla, rainfall. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. rain. -se̋ibo, raindrop.
  • 006 ṡa̋d|o, shower [> Proto-Uralic *śada, rain]. -a, i.v. shower.
  • 007 ṡı̋n|o, drizzle [> Tamil ciṇukku, drizzle]. -a, i.v. drizzle.
  • 008 že̋l|o, downpour [> Georgian zɣwel, pour down]. -a, i.v. pour (down).

Snow/Ice - tőm̃o/ȝe̋go

  • 009 alűngo, snow bank [> Greenland Inupik alutsinniq, snow cliff].
  • cpd haþȝe̋go, thin coating of ice on rock.
  • 010 ȝe̋|go, ice [> English icicle]. -ƣl̨űűno, falling graupel. -ƣtőm̃o, fallen graupel.
  • 011 ke̋r|o, frozen crust on snow [> Finnish kerte, thin crust on snow]. -a, i.v. form a crust on snow.
  • 012 kı̋rmo, thin covering of snow [> Turkish kɨraɣu, hoarfrost].
  • 013 l̨űűn|o, falling snow [> Korean 눈 nun, snow]. -a, i.v. snow. –ko, flurry. -pa̋vo, snowflake. -ri, adj. snowy, niveous. -ro, snowfall.
  • 014 műƣro, soft snow [> Chaplino muʁája, soft snow].
  • 015 m̃a̋ṡo, wet snow [> Saami vuoǯ'ǯe, wet bare ice].
  • 016 m̃őpo, sleeping hole in the snow [> Enets báʔa, sleeping place].
  • 017 nila̋ƣo, freshwater ice [> Inupik nilaɣ-, glazed frost].
  • 018 őőko, ice hole.
  • cpd pustőm̃o, firn [pűṡa, t.v. compress; tőm̃o, fallen snow].
  • 019 rı̋no, snow on trees [> Saami ridne, rime on trees].
  • 020 rűƣ|a, i.v. melt [of ice] [> Western Canadian Inupik aujaq, summer]. -o, melting ice or snow.
  • 021 sőso, muddy snow [> Finnish sose, mash].
  • 022 sűð|o, frost [> Mansi šaĺ, frost]. -a, i.v. frost. -i, adj. frosty. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. frost.
  • 023 s̨őmo, hoarfrost, rime [> Japanese しも shimó, frost].
  • 024 s̨űng|o, frazil ice, grease ice, slush. -i, adj. slushy.
  • 025 ṡ̨a̋a̋to, icicle.
  • 026 ṡ̨a̋g|o, frozen snow [> Korean 차 cha, cold]. -a, i.v. become frozen [of snow].
  • 027 tő|m̃o, fallen snow [> Georgian თოვლი tovli, snow]. -m̃da̋ko, blanket of snow [da̋ko, blanket]. -m̃ka̋ði, adj. snow-, -covered, –capped [ka̋ða, t.v. cover]. -m̤̃e̋e̋o, snowdrift [m̃e̋e̋e, wind]. -m̃i, adj. snowy, niveous. -m̃rı̋ı̋no, sastruga [rı̋ı̋no, ridge].
  • 028 t̨ől|o, hail [> Turkish dolu, hail]. -ðűűo, hailstorm [ðűűo, storm]. -a, i.v. hail. -ta̋a̋ino, hailstone [ta̋a̋ino, stone].


Wind - m̃e̋e̋e

  • cpd aamṡűṡo, waterspout [a̋a̋me, flowing water; ṡűṡa, i.v. whirl].
  • 029 anṡa̋ƣo, wind off the land [> Nunivak ancaʁnǝq, outgoing tide].
  • 030 a̋nþe, north wind [> Etruscan antha, north wind].
  • 031 a̋rƣ|a, windward [> Inupik asusuuʁ-, against wind]. -ɛþim, adv. windward. -i, adj. windward.
  • 032 ha̋inṡe, very cold wind [> Gipuzkoan antzigar, very cold wind].
  • 033 kana̋ke, wind from off the sea [> Alaskan Yupik kanakǝq, wind from the sea].
  • pol m̃e̋e̋|e, wind [anim.]; ðuu~, storm wind [ðűűo, storm]; reið~, fair wind [re̋iða, ride]; tar~, crosswind [ta̋ra, t.v. cross]; þoos~, headwind [þőősa, t.v. oppose] [m̃e̋e̋a, t.v. blow]. -i, adj. windy. -ke, breeze, zephyr;
  • pol na̋bo, gust [< na̋ba, burst].
  • 034 ne̋nge, south wind [> Japanese みなみかぜ mìnamikaze, south wind].
  • 035 pőőðe, east wind.
  • cpd sausm̃e̋e̋e, foehn [sa̋usi, adj. dry].
  • 036 űmto, draft [> Inupik ussaʁniq, draft].
  • 037 za̋le, west wind [> Turkish yel, wind].


Storms - ðűűos

  • 038 ðűű|o, storm [> Greek θΰω, storm]. -a, i.v. storm, be stormy. -i, adj. stormy, inclement. -ko, squall.
  • cpd ðuum̃ðűűo, dust storm [ðűűm̃o, dust].
  • cpd ðuum̃ne̋vo, dustcloud [ðűűm̃o, dust; ne̋vo, cloud].
  • 039 he̋l|e, [anim.] lightning [> Georgian ელვა elva, lightning]. -a, i.v. lightning. -pa̋a̋ugo, lightning flash [pa̋a̋ugo, flash].
  • cpd ȝersűűm̃e, monsoon [ȝe̋ra, season; sűűm̃e, rain].
  • cpd lila̋þo, foul weather [lı̋o, mud; la̋þo, weather].
  • drv ƣosı̋go, blizzard [< ƣo-, emphatic prefix; sı̋go, snow storm].
  • 040 sı̋go, snow storm [> Mongolian siɣurɣa(n), snow storm].
  • 041 sűr|e, [anim.] whirlwind, cyclone, twister; aus̈űre, typhoon [a̋usa, east]; m̃es̈űre, hurricane [m̃e̋sa, west] [> Tamil cūr_ai, whirlwind]. -i, adj. cyclonic.
  • 042 tőn|o, thunder [> Latin tonāre, thunder]. -a, i.v. thunder. -ðűűo, thunderstorm. -he̋lo, thunderbolt. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. thunder. -ƣőrmo, thunderclap.


Clouds - ne̋vos

  • cpd ðuune̋vo, storm cloud, thundercloud, nimbostratus cloud [ðűűo, storm].
  • cpd gumne̋vo, cumulus cloud [gűmo, heap].
  • 043 mőko, cirrus cloud.
  • 044 ne̋v|o, cloud. [> English nebulous]. -a, i.v. cloud, become cloudy. -ðı̋ho, cloud bank. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. cloud over, becloud. -mi, adj. cloudy, clouded. -m̃e̋e̋o, clouddrift [m̃e̋e̋o, drift]. -ri, adj. cloudy, overcast.
  • cpd suum̃ne̋vo, raincloud [sűűm̃e, rain].
  • 045 še̋rgo, cloudy sky [> Dutch zwerk, heavens].


Fair sky - ga̋no

  • 046 ga̋no, clear, fair sky [> Japaneseあめ áme sky].
  • 047 őv|o, heat of the sun. -a, i.v. heat [by the sun]. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. heat [by the sun].
  • 048 tulı̋mo, rainbow [> Inupik tulim(m)aq, rainbow].
  • 049 vı̋ı̋l|o, fine-, good-, pleasant-, -weather [> English blithe]. -a, i.v. be fine, good, pleasant [weather]. -i, adj. fine, good, pleasant [weather].


Senjecas wildlife