Swadesh list for Ghudaz: Difference between revisions
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The following is the [[Swadesh list]] for the [[Ghudaz]] language. Adjectives are given in the order (masculine, feminine). To form a gender-neutral adjective form appropriate for nonbinary people, one generally removes the final '''k'''/'''g'''/'''d''' from the masculine form, or (for adjectives ending in -'''õ'''/'''uv''') replaces the final -'''õ'''/'''uv''' with '''o'''. Exceptions listed in parentheses below (but these are usually non-standard anyway and vary in usage from place to place). | The following is the [[Swadesh list]] for the [[Ghudaz]] language. Adjectives are given in the order (masculine, feminine). To form a gender-neutral adjective form appropriate for nonbinary people, one generally removes the final '''k'''/'''g'''/'''d''' from the masculine form, or (for adjectives ending in -'''õ'''/'''uv''') replaces the final -'''õ'''/'''uv''' with '''o'''. Exceptions listed in parentheses below (but these are usually non-standard anyway and vary in usage from place to place). | ||
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# blood : '''orõ''' | # blood : '''orõ''' | ||
# bone : '''bet''' | # bone : '''bet''' | ||
# fat (n.) : '''''' | # fat (n.) : '''mrõjn''' | ||
# egg : '''dves''' | # egg : '''dves''' | ||
# horn : '''''' | # horn : '''dvalt''' | ||
# tail : '''tvod''' | # tail : '''tvod''' | ||
# feather : '''rõf''' | # feather : '''rõf''' | ||
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# tooth : '''dolyv''' | # tooth : '''dolyv''' | ||
# tongue : '''nas''' | # tongue : '''nas''' | ||
# fingernail : '''''' | # fingernail : '''fjorãk''' | ||
# foot : '''gyr''' | # foot : '''gyr''' | ||
# leg : '''vdes''' | # leg : '''vdes''' | ||
# knee : '''''' | # knee : '''lemfgãf''' | ||
# hand : '''bjud''' | # hand : '''bjud''' | ||
# wing : '''zot''' | # wing : '''zot''' | ||
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# neck : '''kjad''' | # neck : '''kjad''' | ||
# back : '''nud''' | # back : '''nud''' | ||
# breast : '''''' | # breast : '''gyn''' | ||
# heart : '''zorõl''' | # heart : '''zorõl''' | ||
# liver : '''nyshk''' | # liver : '''nyshk''' | ||
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# bite : '''zjyd-''' | # bite : '''zjyd-''' | ||
# suck : '''tvaf-''' | # suck : '''tvaf-''' | ||
# spit : '''''' | # spit : '''dryt-''' | ||
# vomit : '''shryz-''' | # vomit : '''shryz-''' | ||
# blow : '''fem-''' | # blow : '''fem-''' | ||
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# warm : '''boznok, boznof''' | # warm : '''boznok, boznof''' | ||
# cold : '''dvarok, dvarof''' | # cold : '''dvarok, dvarof''' | ||
# full : '''''' | # full : '''dõlok, dõlof''' | ||
# new : '''shuk, shuf''' | # new : '''shuk, shuf''' | ||
# old : '''aryk, aryf''' | # old : '''aryk, aryf''' | ||
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# dirty : '''ghumvjõ, ghumvjuv''' | # dirty : '''ghumvjõ, ghumvjuv''' | ||
# straight : '''surynk, surymf''' | # straight : '''surynk, surymf''' | ||
# round : '''''' | # round : '''nudfynk, nudfymf''' | ||
# sharp : '''gymek, gymef''' | # sharp : '''gymek, gymef''' | ||
# dull : '''movk, movf''' | # dull : '''movk, movf''' | ||
Latest revision as of 08:16, 7 April 2019
The following is the Swadesh list for the Ghudaz language. Adjectives are given in the order (masculine, feminine). To form a gender-neutral adjective form appropriate for nonbinary people, one generally removes the final k/g/d from the masculine form, or (for adjectives ending in -õ/uv) replaces the final -õ/uv with o. Exceptions listed in parentheses below (but these are usually non-standard anyway and vary in usage from place to place).
- I : akh
- you (singular) : ev
- he : shak
- we : akh
- you (plural) : ev
- they : sha
- this : fed, fes
- that : ghõd, ghõs (demonstrative), sjok, sjof (relative clause)
- here : fajd, fajs
- there : ghõjd, ghõjs
- who : zofe (question), sjok, sjof (relative clause)
- what : juj
- where : ajde (question), sjof... ajd (relative clause)
- when : shãde (question), sjok... shãd (relative clause)
- how : zjãke
- not : suj
- all : tuk, tuf
- many : bobynk, bobymf
- some : balgynk, balgymf
- few : savk, savf
- other : õvõ, õvuv
- one : balk, balf
- two : lek, lef
- three : sak, saf
- four : nõk, nõf
- five : sjug, sjuv
- big : ulok, ulof
- long : dryk, dryf
- wide : dõks, dõvz (n. dõs)
- thick : nodõ, noduv
- heavy : dõlok, dõlof
- small : muvtjõ, muvtjuv
- short : ghõzjõ, ghõzjuv
- narrow : tonõ, tonuv
- thin : jãk, jãf
- woman : farof
- man : kask
- person : zvorof
- child : nãk
- wife : fafekh
- husband : kaskekh
- mother : fjasof
- father : dvarylok
- animal : bremvjurk (edible), utshaz (general)
- fish : dolãn
- bird : inkar
- dog : vjurkht
- louse : dõ
- snake : zjãkhp
- worm : sul
- tree : ykhos
- forest : jolspreg
- stick : korkht
- fruit : javõmbo
- seed : ashp
- leaf : sjos
- root : ghõl
- bark : esus
- flower : sjãgh
- grass : tekhas
- rope : skesh
- skin : rãn
- meat : aft
- blood : orõ
- bone : bet
- fat (n.) : mrõjn
- egg : dves
- horn : dvalt
- tail : tvod
- feather : rõf
- hair : bu
- head : shõd
- ear : tyd
- eye : õ
- nose : tiz
- mouth : gõn
- tooth : dolyv
- tongue : nas
- fingernail : fjorãk
- foot : gyr
- leg : vdes
- knee : lemfgãf
- hand : bjud
- wing : zot
- belly : rykh
- guts : tuvt
- neck : kjad
- back : nud
- breast : gyn
- heart : zorõl
- liver : nyshk
- drink : dol-
- eat : uvs-
- bite : zjyd-
- suck : tvaf-
- spit : dryt-
- vomit : shryz-
- blow : fem-
- breathe : mrãs-
- laugh : bus-
- see : ghõ-
- hear : dlõs-
- know : jub-
- think : nil-
- smell : daf-
- fear : khruv- (verb), khruvek (noun)
- sleep : khus-
- live : tryk-
- die : bek-
- kill : tygdyk
- fight : tur-
- hunt : sar-
- hit : du-
- cut : ok-
- split : tyn-
- stab : kjez-
- scratch : fjõr-
- dig : gyf-
- swim : jev-
- fly (v.) : nukhas-
- walk : ubob-
- come : sur-
- lie (down) : nõr-
- sit : gãt-
- stand : ub-
- turn : tvab-
- fall : syr-
- give : net-, des-
- hold : dvakh
- squeeze : tyj-
- rub : mrãs-
- wash : fuvr-
- wipe : mjyr-
- pull : ãd-
- push : ãd-
- throw : jag-
- tie : srõs-
- sew : dvonef-
- count : nyrod-
- say : bõ-
- sing : len-
- play : klas-
- float : drõsh-
- flow : nãrod-
- freeze : njõg-
- swell (n.) : khusek
- sun : ghjuvn
- moon : safrópa
- star : doren
- water : tovek
- rain : tovek
- river : tyj (underground), uvbjã (aboveground)
- lake : berãkh
- sea : brakht
- salt : sebf
- stone : gã
- sand : solkf
- dust : solkf
- earth : sã
- cloud : sjuvshãf
- fog : sjuvshãf
- sky : prets
- wind : ed
- snow : fjykhs
- ice : gjospen
- smoke : sesjot
- fire : boz
- ashes : bozuk
- burn : aps-
- road : sjat
- mountain : dvãd
- red : durok, durof
- green : favek, favef (More specific term than srõ-, but a subset of it.)
- yellow : ektõ, ektuv (More specific term than uno-, but a subset of it.)
- white : unok, unof (Note: This can refer to yellow or orange as well as white proper.)
- black : srõk, srõf (Note: This can refer to blue, purple or green as well as black proper.)
- night : dvar
- day : khus
- year : khule
- warm : boznok, boznof
- cold : dvarok, dvarof
- full : dõlok, dõlof
- new : shuk, shuf
- old : aryk, aryf
- good : rãk, rãf
- bad : shuvg, shuvv
- rotten : ghãvk, ghãvf
- dirty : ghumvjõ, ghumvjuv
- straight : surynk, surymf
- round : nudfynk, nudfymf
- sharp : gymek, gymef
- dull : movk, movf
- smooth : dozrynk, dozrymf
- wet : tjorynk, tjorymf
- dry : javõ, javuv
- correct : led, les
- near : fajd, fajs, dvarynk, dvarymf
- far : ghõjd, ghõjs
- right : gõlk, gõlf
- left : dulk, dulf
- at : ajd
- in : n
- with : ajd (comitative), sa (instrumental)
- and : suffix -en (nouns), shaken, shafen (verbs)
- if : (shãd...) -bu
- because : brytuv
- name : bosuv"
