|
|
| (27 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| ==Sound changes==
| | ''This page has been scrubbed in preparation for the introduction of a new set of languages descended from proto-Dreamlandic.'' |
| :''See [[Lenian languages]].''
| |
| | |
| ==Grammar==
| |
| ===Noun classes===
| |
| Paleo-Pabappa did not have an established syllable order such as that used by Late Andanese.
| |
| | |
| Paleo-Pabappa retains the single-consonant forms of the CV classifiers, which appear only before stems beginning in vowels. In Proto-[[Kava]] and proto-Eastern Subumpamese, these were replaced with reduplicated CVC forms, and in the [[Gold language]], they were replaced with the ordinary CV classifiers but later disappeared entirely.
| |
| | |
| ====Animate Group I====
| |
| #'''pu''': Pregnant women and epicenes; verbs of emotion.
| |
| #:Becomes '''p-''' before vowel-initial stems.
| |
| #'''pi''': Adult females; worms.
| |
| #:Becomes '''p-''' before vowel-initial stems and takes epicene verb agreement.
| |
| #'''tə''': Adult males; rabbits and hares.
| |
| #:Becomes '''p-''' before vowel-initial stems and takes epicene verb agreement.
| |
| | |
| Note that the feminine prefix ''pi-'' is historically cognate to the ''m-'' group below, which by the time of paleo-Pabappa had come to be a category for children rather than women. In fact, the prefix was originally identical with ''mi-'' "milk; breast", but underwent a sound change due to being always used as a prefix whereas ''mi-'' could also appear in standalone form.
| |
| | |
| In addition to losing their vowels before vowel stems, these three stems disappear entirely before ''p-''stems on the conditions that:
| |
| #The ''p-''stem is not another noun. (For example, one must say '''pipèpu''' "her crab", not ''*pèpu''.)
| |
| | |
| ====Animate Group II====
| |
| #'''ni''': Maidens, young girls; certain female body parts; ducklike birds.
| |
| #:Becomes '''m-''' before stems beginning in ''u-'' and '''ń-''' before other vowel-initial stems.
| |
| #'''mu''': Young children; most other birds.
| |
| #:Becomes '''m-''' before vowel-initial stems.; appears as ''mə-'' in a few words.
| |
| #'''pe''': Crustaceans; sea life.
| |
| #:Becomes '''m-''' before vowel-initial stems.
| |
| | |
| ====Animate Group III====
| |
| Nouns in this group must be padded with one of the human identifier prefixes in order to form disyllabic prefixes.
| |
| | |
| #'''pa''': Sheep and goats.
| |
| #'''ńe''': Snakes.
| |
| #'''hə''': Frogs, amphibians.
| |
| #:Becomes '''f-''' before vowel-initial stems.
| |
| #'''li''': Turtles.
| |
| #'''la''': Mice and rodents.
| |
| #'''ča''': Flying insects.
| |
| #'''ke''': Cats.
| |
| #'''po''': Ants, crawling insects.
| |
| #:Becomes '''p-''' before vowel-initial stems and takes epicene verb agreement.
| |
| | |
| | |
| "Po-" is historically identical to the prefix for pregnant women and epicenes, but was never of the same level on the animacy hierarchy. <---POSSIBLY JUST DELETE THIS ENTIRELY FROM ALL LANGUAGES
| |
| | |
| These prefixes can also be used to denote the habitats of the animals. e.g. ča = sky, hə = swamp, ke = forest, la & ńe = underground
| |
| | |
| ====Inanimate Group I====
| |
| Most words in this group are words for plants or objects made from plants.
| |
| | |
| #'''ši''': Some types of trees.
| |
| #'''hə''': Corals.
| |
| #'''ti''': Flower blossoms.
| |
| #:Contracts to ''t-'' before a vowel.
| |
| #'''ma''': Very tall grasses.
| |
| #'''pe''': Money; some grasses.
| |
| #'''mu''': Fruit; buildings.
| |
| #'''me''': Alcohol, soap, and mixed formulas.
| |
| #'''fo''': Some types of grass.
| |
| #'''pu''': Succulent fruit; grass, clover, small plants; round objects; some trees;
| |
| #'''nə''': Claws, sharp objects; certain fruits.
| |
| #'''fu''': Wind and air; claws and other hard body parts.
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| ====Inanimate Group II====
| |
| This group contains body parts and certain things typically held close to one's person.
| |
| | |
| #'''ti''': Teeth.
| |
| #:Contracts to ''t-'' before a vowel.
| |
| #'''ko''': Bones.
| |
| #'''ni''': Feminine hygiene products.
| |
| #'''i''': Edible body parts.
| |
| #'''to''': Blood and bodily humors.
| |
| #'''pa''': Clothes.
| |
| #'''fo''': Some words for clothes.
| |
| #'''mi''': Milk, inedible body parts.
| |
| | |
| The prefix ''mi-'' is historically identical with the feminine prefix ''pi-''. The "teeth" prefix ''ti-'' is historically homophonous with, but not related to, the "flower blossom" prefix.
| |
| | |
| ====Inanimate Group III====
| |
| This group contains landforms and other objects most usually found in the locative rather than as the agent or patient of a verb.
| |
| | |
| #'''ə''': Open places.
| |
| #'''o''': Furniture and land formations.
| |
| #'''po''': Oceanographic formations.
| |
| #'''mu''': Fruit; buildings.
| |
| #'''pe''': Ocean and sea.
| |
| #'''ča''': Tall trees; the sky.
| |
| #'''pi''': Water, weather.
| |
| #'''me''': Kingdoms and empires.
| |
| #'''pu''': Celestial objects.
| |
| | |
| The prefix ''ča-'' "trees; sky" is in fact a single morpheme even going back to the days of Mumba, and not a merger of a velar with a palatal.
| |
| | |
| ====Inanimate Group IV====
| |
| This group contains handheld objects and alienable possessions.
| |
| | |
| #'''yo''': Handheld objects; coins.
| |
| #'''ši''': Certain other handheld objects.
| |
| #'''ri''': Some other handheld objects.
| |
| #'''hə''': Corals; still other handheld objects.
| |
| #'''ke''': Wheels.
| |
| #'''pu''': Round objects; arrows, weapons, and handheld tools.
| |
| #'''a''': Whips.
| |
| | |
| The prefix ''ke-'' can be used for large circular objects; ''yo-'' for small ones, and ''pu-'' for spheres.<ref>If coins are round, that is.</ref>
| |
| | |
| ====Uses of noun classes====
| |
| Note that some noun classes had little use as nouns; for example '''li-''' "turtle" was only used in a few words for turtles. Instead, they were productive primarily as verbs, such as "to walk slowly", "to be hard", etc.
| |
| | |
| ===Later history of Paleo-Pabappa===
| |
| Paleo-Pabappa did not evolve into [[Pabappa]]. Instead, Paba's people shifted to speaking the [[Gold language]] as it was introduced from [[AlphaLeap]], and quickly developed a distinctive dialect of it that ultimately came to be called Pabappa. However, Paleo-Pabappa still survived inside [[Subumpam]], since the two nations of northeastern Subumpam had joined the Subumpamese Union after seceding from Paba. The other Subumpamese people considered Paleo-Pabappa to be just another of the many Subumpamese languages, as it shared similarities with neighboring languages such as [[Gala language|Galà]] and proto-Eastern Subumpamese.
| |
| | |
| Paleo-Pabappa split into three languages: one for each of the two Pabap nations in Subumpam, and one for people in Paba who had not yet shifted to speaking [[Gold language|Gold]]. However, Subumpam was soon wiped out in [[Vegetable War|a catastrophic war]], and Paba's strong national government drove the remnant speakers of Paleo-Pabappa into learning what was to eventually become [[Pabappa]].
| |
