Siye Dialects: Difference between revisions

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None of the dialects participate in the recent (2248/49) voicing changes of Standard Siye
None of the dialects participate in the post-2245 voicing changes of Standard Siye


==Siye (Susu)==
==Siye (Susu)==


The dialect of Siye dismissively known as Susu has as its principal feature the collapse of the affricates into the fricatives. This creates surprisingly few problems, so much so that some broad-minded Simayamka consider Susu 'barely a dialect' (a compliment). The main grammatical feature of Susu is the replacement of the directional suffix /tu/ [su], now homophonous with the directional suffix /su/ [su], with [sa].
The dialect of Siye dismissively known as Susu has as its principal feature the collapse of the affricates into the fricatives. This creates surprisingly few problems, so much so that some broad-minded Simayamka consider Susu 'barely a dialect'. This is intended as a compliment. The main grammatical feature of Susu is the replacement of the directional suffix /tu/ [su], now homophonous with the directional suffix /su/ [su], with /sa/ [sa].  


{{IPA|[tʃ]}} > {{IPA|[ʃ]}}   /kilu/ 'fortress', Standard {{IPA|[ʧʰi.lu]}}, Susu {{IPA|[ʃi.lu]}}
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Examples
! Meaning
! Standard Spelling
! Standard Pronunciation
! Susu Pronunciation
|-
!
| fortress
| /kilu/
| {{IPA|[ˈʧʰi.lu]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈʃi.lu]}}
|-
!
| hudzu-priest
| /kutum/
| {{IPA|[ˈxu.dzʊⁿ]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈxu.sʊⁿ]}}
|-
!
| wisemen
| /pimuyamka/
| {{IPA|[ˈtçʰi.mu.ˌjæⁿ.ka]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈçi.mu.ˌjæⁿ.ka]}}
|-
|}


{{IPA|[ts]}} > {{IPA|[s]}} /kutum/ 'hudzu-priest', Standard {{IPA|[xu.dzʊⁿ]}}, Susu  {{IPA|[xu.sʊⁿ]}}
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Cases
! Case Number
! Case Suffix
! Notes
|-
! Nominative
| 1, 1a
| -0
|
|-
! Absolutive
| 1, 1b
| -0
|
|-
! Accusative
| 2
| -a, -ha, -0
|
|-
! Ergative
| 3
| -ya, -na
|
|-
! Genitive
| 4
| -ne, (etym.) -e
|
|-
! Possessive
| 5
| -me
|
|-
! Ablative
| 6
| -sum
|
|-
! Locative
| 7
| -kem
|
|-
! Allative-Dative
| 8
| -su
| from Siye -su, -tu
|-
! Instrumental
| 10
| -ʃi
| from Siye -ki
|-
! Comitative
| 13
| -ni
|
|-
! Adverbial
| 11
| -ku
|
|-
! Equative
| 12
| -pu
|
|-
! Animate Instrumental
| 14
| -neʃi
|
|-
! Elative
| 15
| -nemsum
|
|-
! Inessive
| 16
| -nemʃim
|
|-
! Illative
| 17
| -nemsu
|
|-
! Abessive
| 18
| -neto
|
|-
! Causal
| 19
| -neya
|
|-
|}


{{IPA|[tç]}} > {{IPA|[ç]}} /pimuyamka/ 'wisemen', Standard {{IPA|[tçʰi.mu.jæⁿ.ka]}}, Susu {{IPA|[çi.mu.jæⁿ.ka]}}
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! General Directionals
! Abbreviation
! Meaning
! Notes
|-
! -{{IPA|[ʃi]}}-
| DIR.STAT
| in place
|
|-
! -{{IPA|[na]}}-
| DIR.SUPER
| up
|
|-
! -{{IPA|[nu]}}-
| DIR.SUB
| down
|
|-
! -{{IPA|[su]}}-
| DIR.ABL
| away from
|
|-
! -{{IPA|[sa]}}-
| DIR.ALL
| towards
| Replaces -{{IPA|[su]}}- from Siye -{{IPA|[tsu]}}-
|-
|}


==Siye (Tsishi)==
==Siye (Tsishi)==
Line 15: Line 175:
The Tsishi dialect features the coalescence of the high vowels and the creation of new phonemes from allophones.
The Tsishi dialect features the coalescence of the high vowels and the creation of new phonemes from allophones.


l > ʎ/_i /lusili/, 'town, city' Standard {{IPA|[lu.ʃi.li]}}, Tsishi {{IPA|[li.ʃi.ʎi]}}
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Examples
! Meaning
! Standard Spelling
! Standard Pronunciation
! Tsishi Pronunciation
|-
!
| town, city
| /lusili/
| {{IPA|[ˈlu.ʃi.li]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈli.ʃi.ʎi]}}
|-
!
| lustful(ly)
| /omnuni/
| {{IPA|[ˈɔⁿ.nu.ni]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈɔⁿ.ni.ɲi]}}
|-
|}


n > ɲ/_i /omnuni/ 'lustful(ly)', Standard {{IPA|[ɔⁿ.nu.ni]}}, Tsishi {{IPA|[ɔⁿ.nu.ɲi]}}
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Cases
! Case Number
! Case Suffix
! Notes
|-
! Nominative
| 1, 1a
| -0
|
|-
! Absolutive
| 1, 1b
| -0
|
|-
! Accusative
| 2
| -{{IPA|[a]}}, -0
| from Tide -ŋa
|-
! Ergative
| 3
| -{{IPA|[ja]}}, -{{IPA|[na]}}
| from Tide -ɲa, Thide -sa
|-
! Genitive
| 4
| -{{IPA|[ne]}}
| from Tide -ŋë, Thide -kë
|-
! Possessive
| 5
| -{{IPA|[me]}}
| possibly from Tide definite pronoun /me/, Thide /me/
|-
! Ablative
| 6
| -{{IPA|[sɪⁿ]}}
| from Siye -sum
|-
! Locative
| 7
| -{{IPA|[kɛⁿ]}}
| from Tide -këŋ
|-
! Allative-Dative
| 8
| -{{IPA|[si]}}
| from Siye -su
|-
! Dative-Benefactive
| 9
| -{{IPA|[tsu]}}
| from Siye -tu
|-
! Instrumental
| 10
| -{{IPA|[tʃi]}}
| from Siye -ki
|-
! Comitative
| 13
| -{{IPA|[ɲi]}}
| from Siye -ni
|-
! Adverbial
| 11
| -{{IPA|[xi]}}
| from Siye -ku
|-
! Equative
| 12
| -{{IPA|[ɸi]}}
| from Siye -pu
|-
! Animate Instrumental
| 14
| -{{IPA|[netʃi]}}
| from Siye -ne + eki, instrumental postposition from instrumental case of inanimate pronoun 'e'
|-
! Elative
| 15
| -{{IPA|[nɛⁿsɪⁿ]}}
| from Siye -ne + emsum, analogical ablative of emtu 'inner' from emtu 'innards'
|-
! Inessive
| 16
| -{{IPA|[nɛⁿʃɪⁿ]}}
| from Siye -ne + emkim, analogical locative of emtu 'inner' from emtu 'innards'
|-
! Illative
| 17
| -{{IPA|[nɛⁿsi]}}
| from Siye -ne + emtu, locative postposition 'inner' from emtu "innards"
|-
! Abessive
| 18
| -{{IPA|[neto]}}
| from Siye -ne + to "without", from Thide tʰo "absence"
|-
|}


u > i
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! General Directionals
! Abbreviation
! Meaning
! Notes
|-
! -{{IPA|[tʃi]}}-
| DIR.STAT
| in place
|
|-
! -{{IPA|[na]}}-
| DIR.SUPER
| up
|
|-
! -{{IPA|[ni]}}-
| DIR.SUB
| down
|
|-
! -{{IPA|[si]}}-
| DIR.ABL
| away from
|
|-
! -{{IPA|[tsi]}}-
| DIR.ALL
| towards
|
|-
|}


===Changes in Tsishi===
===Changes in Tsishi===
Line 27: Line 341:
ʧ > ʃʃ {{IPA|[-ʃʃi]}} INS vs {{IPA|[-ʃi]}} INCL
ʧ > ʃʃ {{IPA|[-ʃʃi]}} INS vs {{IPA|[-ʃi]}} INCL


ʦ > ss {{IPA|[-ssi]}} DAT vs {{IPA|[-si]}} ALL vs {{IPA|[-s◌̃ɪ]}} ABL
ʦ > ss {{IPA|[-ssi]}} DAT vs {{IPA|[-si]}} ALL vs {{IPA|[-sɪⁿ]}} ABL


ʎ > ll {{IPA|[ʃilli]}} 'house', {{IPA|[ʧili]}} 'fort' {{IPA|[liʃillisi]}} 'to the town'
ʎ > ll {{IPA|[ˈʃilli]}} 'house', {{IPA|[ˈʧili]}} 'fort' {{IPA|[liʃillisi]}} 'to the town'


ɲ > nn {{IPA|[-nni]}} COM {{IPA|[-ni]}} DIR.SUB
ɲ > nn {{IPA|[-nni]}} COM {{IPA|[-ni]}} DIR.SUB
Line 47: Line 361:
==Ye==
==Ye==


Ye has two variations, rural and urban. Urban Ye has restored the Standard Siye vowels, but Rural Ye has kept the original vowel changes.
Ye has two variations, Rural and Urban.


{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
Line 56: Line 370:
! Notes
! Notes
|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative-Absolutive
| 1, 1a
| 1, 1a
| -0
|
|-
! Absolutive
| 1, 1b
| -0
| -0
|  
|  
Line 78: Line 387:
! Vocative
! Vocative
| 20
| 20
| -i
| -{{IPA|[i]}}
| alleged from restored Tide -ŋi (the lost Case 4.); actually an adoption of Rural Ye -i from Early Siye Equative -pu
|  
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| 4
| 4
| -ne, (etym.) -e
| -{{IPA|[ne]}}
| from Tide -ŋe/i, Thide -ke/i
|  
|-
|-
! Possessive
! Possessive
| 5
| 5
| -me
| -{{IPA|[me]}}
| possibly from Tide definite pronoun /me/, Thide /me/
|  
|-
|-
! Ablative
! Ablative
| 6
| 6
| -sum
| -{{IPA|[ɛⁿ]}}, -0
| from Tide -suŋ
|  
|-
|-
! Locative
! Locative
| 7
| 7
| -kem
| -{{IPA|[kæⁿ]}}
| from Tide -ke/iŋ
|  
|-
|-
! Allative-Dative
! Allative-Dative
| 8
| (8) 9
| -su
| -{{IPA|[θi]}}
| from Tide -su
|  
|-
! Dative-Benefactive
| 9
| -tu
| from Tide -tu
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Instrumental
| 10
| 10
| -ki
| -{{IPA|[xi]}}
| from Thide -gi
|  
|-
|-
! Comitative
! Comitative
| 13
| 13
| -ni
| -{{IPA|[ni]}}
| from Tide -ŋe/i, Thide -ke/i
|  
|-
! Adverbial
| 11
| -ku
| from Tide -ku, Thide -ku
|-
! Equative
| 12
| -pu
| from Tide -bu
|-
! Animate Instrumental
| 14
| -neki
| from Siye -ne + eki, instrumental postposition from instrumental case of inanimate pronoun 'e'
|-
|-
! Elative
! Elative
| 15
| 15
| -nemsum
| -{{IPA|[kɛⁿ]}}
| from Siye -ne + emsum, analogical ablative of emtu 'inner' from emtu 'innards'
| LOC + ABL
|-
|-
! Inessive
! Inessive
| 16
| 16
| -nemkim
| -{{IPA|[kæⁿxi]}}
| from Siye -ne + emkim, analogical locative of emtu 'inner' from emtu 'innards'
| LOC + LOC
|-
|-
! Illative
! Illative
| 17
| 17
| -nemtu
| -{{IPA|[kæⁿθi]}}
| from Siye -ne + emtu, locative postposition 'inner' from emtu "innards"
| LOC + ALL
|-
|-
! Abessive
! Abessive
| 18
| 18
| -neto
| -{{IPA|[nito]}}
| from Siye -ne + to "without", from Thide tho "absence"
| COM + to
|-
|}
 
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! General Directionals
! Abbreviation
! Meaning
! Notes
|-
! -{{IPA|[xi]}}-
| DIR.STAT
| in place
|
|-
! -{{IPA|[nɔ]}}-
| DIR.SUPER
| up
|
|-
! -{{IPA|[ni]}}-
| DIR.SUB
| down
| Older {{IPA|[ny]}}
|-
! -{{IPA|[i]}}-, -{{IPA|[0]}}-
| DIR.ABL
| away from
| Older {{IPA|[y]}}, {{IPA|[hy]}}; Ye absence of Directional implies DIR.ABL
|-
|-
! Causal
! -{{IPA|[θi]}}-
| 19
| DIR.ALL
| -neya
| towards
| from -ne + eya, analogical causal of clause-final causal -ya
| Older {{IPA|[θy]}}
|-
|-
|}
|}


{|class="wikitable"
|-
! PAM Suffixes
! Abbreviation
! Aspect
! Polarity
! Mood
! Notes
! Early Siye
|-
! -{{IPA|[mɔ]}}-
| IPFV.POS.REAL (PAM1, P1)
| Imperfective
| Positive
| Realis
|
| -mea-
|-
! -{{IPA|[nɔ]}}-
| PFV.POS.REAL (PAM2, P2)
| Perfective
| Positive
| Realis
|
| -nea-
|-
! -{{IPA|[me]}}-
| IPFV.POS.IRL (PAM3, P3)
| Imperfective
| Positive
| Irrealis
|
| -me-
|-
! -{{IPA|[ne]}}-
| PFV.POS.IRL (PAM4, P4)
| Perfective
| Positive
| Irrealis
|
| -ne-
|-
! -{{IPA|[mɔ:]}}-
| IPFV.POS.REAL (PAM5, P5)
| Imperfective
| Negative
| Realis
| 
| -meau-
|-
! -{{IPA|[nɔ:]}}-
| PFV.POS.REAL (PAM6, P6)
| Perfective
| Negative
| Realis
|
| -neau-
|-
! -{{IPA|[me:]}}-
| IPFV.POS.IRL (PAM7, P7)
| Imperfective
| Negative
| Irrealis
| Subjunctive
| -meu-
|-
! -{{IPA|[ne:]}}-
| PFV.POS.IRL (PAM8, P8)
| Perfective
| Negative
| Irrealis
| Contrafactual
| -neu-
|-
|}


===Urban Ye===


s, ɸ, ʃ > h
1. In pre-Ye, {{IPA|a}} and {{IPA|um}} had become {{IPA|[ɑ]}} and {{IPA|[ʌⁿ]}}.


tʃ > ʃ
2. The fricatives coalesce into h: s, ɸ, ʃ , x > h.


ts > s
3. The affricates become fricatives: tʃ, ts, tç > ʃ, s, ç


tç > ç
4. The Great Ye Vowel Shift; ɛⁿ > æⁿ, ɑ > ɔ, æⁿ > ɪɘⁿ, Cæⁿ > Cjɘⁿ, ɔⁿ > ɒⁿ, u > y, ʌⁿ > ɛⁿ


w, j > 0 /kiwa/ 'red' Standard {{IPA|[ʧʰi.ʋɑ]}}, Urban Ye {{IPA|[xɑ:]}}, Rural Ye {{IPA|[xɔ:]}}
5. The semi-vowels and h disappear, precipitating a round of vowel dominance contraction: h, w, j > 0


h > 0 /eleyemputsuma/, Standard {{IPA|[e.le.jɛⁿ.ɸu.tsu.mɑ]}}, Urban Ye {{IPA|[e.lɛⁿ:.ʔu.θu.mɑ]}}, Rural Ye {{IPA|[e.lɛⁿ:.ʔy.θy.mɔ]}}
6. The remaining fricatives increase distance from one another: ʃ, s, ç > x, θ, s


ʃ > x /kilusu/ 'towards the fortress' Standard {{IPA|[ʧʰi.lu.su]}}, Urban Ye {{IPA|[xi.lu:]}}
7. y > i (22nd century)


s > θ /kamsutu/ 'cloak', Standard {{IPA|[kæⁿ.su.tsu]}}, Urban Ye {{IPA|[kʰæⁿ.ʔu.θu]}}
{|class="wikitable"
 
|-
ç > s /pitake/ 'beast', Standard {{IPA|[tçʰi.tɑ.ke]}}, Urban Ye {{IPA|[si.tɑ.ke]}}, Rural Ye {{IPA|[si.tɔ.ke]}}
! Examples
 
! Meaning
===Rural Ye===
! Standard Spelling
 
! Standard Pronunciation
ɛⁿ > æⁿ /-kem/ loc., Standard {{IPA|[gɛⁿ]}}, Rural Ye {{IPA|[gæⁿ]}}
! Rural Ye Pronunciation
 
! Notes
ɑ > ɔ /pala/ 'what?', Standard/Urban Ye {{IPA|[pɑ.lɑ]}}, Rural Ye {{IPA|[pɔ.lɔ]}}
|-
 
!
æⁿ > ɪɘⁿ  Mostly found in local words of pre-Siye origin - Rural Ye /ansa/ 'Martian duck' {{IPA|[ɪɘⁿ.sjɘⁿ]}}
| red
 
| /kiwa/
Cæⁿ > Cjɘⁿ /kamsutu/ 'cloak', Standard {{IPA|[kæⁿ.su.tsu]}}, Rural Ye {{IPA|[kʰjɘⁿ.y.θy]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈʧʰi.ʋɑ]}}
 
| {{IPA|[ˈxɔ:]}}
ɔⁿ  > ɒⁿ /omnum/ 'ecstasy', Standard {{IPA|[ɔⁿ.nʌⁿ]}}, Rural Ye {{IPA|[ɒⁿ.nɛⁿ]}}
|
|-
!
| I am seeing it.
| /eleyemputsuma/
| {{IPA|[e.le.ˈjɛⁿ.ɸu.ˌtsu.mɑ]}}
| {{IPA|[e.ˈlɛⁿ:.ʔi.ˌθi.mɔ]}}
|
|-
!
| towards the fortress
| /kilusu/
| {{IPA|[ˈʧʰi.lu.su]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈxi.li.θi]}}
|
|-
!
| cloak
| /kamsutu/
| {{IPA|[ˈkæⁿ.su.tsu]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈkʰjɘⁿ.i.θi]}}
|
|-
!
| beast
| /pitake/  
| {{IPA|[ˈtçʰi.tɑ.ke]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈsi.tɔ.ke]}}
|
|-
!
| loc.
| /-kem/  
| {{IPA|[gɛⁿ]}}
| {{IPA|[kæⁿ]}}
|
|-
!
| what?
| /pala/  
| {{IPA|[ˈpa.la]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈpɔ.lɔ]}}
|
|-
!
| Martian duck
| /amsa/
|
| {{IPA|[ˈɪɘⁿ.sjɘⁿ]}}
| Mostly found in local words of pre-Siye origin
|-
!
| ecstasy
| /omnum/  
| {{IPA|[ˈɔⁿ.nʌⁿ]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈɒⁿ.nɛⁿ]}}
|
|-
|}


u > y  /kilu/ 'towards the fortress', Standard {{IPA|[ʧʰi.lu.su]}}, Rural Ye {{IPA|[xi.ly:]}}
===Tadji===


ʌⁿ > ɛⁿ /omnum/ 'ecstasy', Standard {{IPA|[ɔⁿ.nʌⁿ]}}, Rural Ye {{IPA|[ɒⁿ.nɛⁿ]}}
Tadji is a daughter language of Tide and a sister language to Tiye. It is descended from the ruling caste dialect used before the Great Revolt. It is beyond the scope of this document to explore the complexities of Tadji, so here it will merely be stated that Siye-speakers often use Tadji as an onomastic resource.

Latest revision as of 11:46, 25 March 2019

None of the dialects participate in the post-2245 voicing changes of Standard Siye

Siye (Susu)

The dialect of Siye dismissively known as Susu has as its principal feature the collapse of the affricates into the fricatives. This creates surprisingly few problems, so much so that some broad-minded Simayamka consider Susu 'barely a dialect'. This is intended as a compliment. The main grammatical feature of Susu is the replacement of the directional suffix /tu/ [su], now homophonous with the directional suffix /su/ [su], with /sa/ [sa].

Examples Meaning Standard Spelling Standard Pronunciation Susu Pronunciation
fortress /kilu/ [ˈʧʰi.lu] [ˈʃi.lu]
hudzu-priest /kutum/ [ˈxu.dzʊⁿ] [ˈxu.sʊⁿ]
wisemen /pimuyamka/ [ˈtçʰi.mu.ˌjæⁿ.ka] [ˈçi.mu.ˌjæⁿ.ka]
Cases Case Number Case Suffix Notes
Nominative 1, 1a -0
Absolutive 1, 1b -0
Accusative 2 -a, -ha, -0
Ergative 3 -ya, -na
Genitive 4 -ne, (etym.) -e
Possessive 5 -me
Ablative 6 -sum
Locative 7 -kem
Allative-Dative 8 -su from Siye -su, -tu
Instrumental 10 -ʃi from Siye -ki
Comitative 13 -ni
Adverbial 11 -ku
Equative 12 -pu
Animate Instrumental 14 -neʃi
Elative 15 -nemsum
Inessive 16 -nemʃim
Illative 17 -nemsu
Abessive 18 -neto
Causal 19 -neya
General Directionals Abbreviation Meaning Notes
-[ʃi]- DIR.STAT in place
-[na]- DIR.SUPER up
-[nu]- DIR.SUB down
-[su]- DIR.ABL away from
-[sa]- DIR.ALL towards Replaces -[su]- from Siye -[tsu]-

Siye (Tsishi)

The Tsishi dialect features the coalescence of the high vowels and the creation of new phonemes from allophones.

Examples Meaning Standard Spelling Standard Pronunciation Tsishi Pronunciation
town, city /lusili/ [ˈlu.ʃi.li] [ˈli.ʃi.ʎi]
lustful(ly) /omnuni/ [ˈɔⁿ.nu.ni] [ˈɔⁿ.ni.ɲi]
Cases Case Number Case Suffix Notes
Nominative 1, 1a -0
Absolutive 1, 1b -0
Accusative 2 -[a], -0 from Tide -ŋa
Ergative 3 -[ja], -[na] from Tide -ɲa, Thide -sa
Genitive 4 -[ne] from Tide -ŋë, Thide -kë
Possessive 5 -[me] possibly from Tide definite pronoun /me/, Thide /me/
Ablative 6 -[sɪⁿ] from Siye -sum
Locative 7 -[kɛⁿ] from Tide -këŋ
Allative-Dative 8 -[si] from Siye -su
Dative-Benefactive 9 -[tsu] from Siye -tu
Instrumental 10 -[tʃi] from Siye -ki
Comitative 13 -[ɲi] from Siye -ni
Adverbial 11 -[xi] from Siye -ku
Equative 12 -[ɸi] from Siye -pu
Animate Instrumental 14 -[netʃi] from Siye -ne + eki, instrumental postposition from instrumental case of inanimate pronoun 'e'
Elative 15 -[nɛⁿsɪⁿ] from Siye -ne + emsum, analogical ablative of emtu 'inner' from emtu 'innards'
Inessive 16 -[nɛⁿʃɪⁿ] from Siye -ne + emkim, analogical locative of emtu 'inner' from emtu 'innards'
Illative 17 -[nɛⁿsi] from Siye -ne + emtu, locative postposition 'inner' from emtu "innards"
Abessive 18 -[neto] from Siye -ne + to "without", from Thide tʰo "absence"
General Directionals Abbreviation Meaning Notes
-[tʃi]- DIR.STAT in place
-[na]- DIR.SUPER up
-[ni]- DIR.SUB down
-[si]- DIR.ABL away from
-[tsi]- DIR.ALL towards

Changes in Tsishi

Recent (2250) changes in the Tsishi dialect have produced geminate consonants and closed oral syllables.

ʧ > ʃʃ [-ʃʃi] INS vs [-ʃi] INCL

ʦ > ss [-ssi] DAT vs [-si] ALL vs [-sɪⁿ] ABL

ʎ > ll [ˈʃilli] 'house', [ˈʧili] 'fort' [liʃillisi] 'to the town'

ɲ > nn [-nni] COM [-ni] DIR.SUB

Siye (Tsushi)

Tsushi is a newly (2250) recorded dialect or sub-dialect of Tsishi. Hypercorrection of the consonants preceding Tsishi i < u, i has resulted in:

[xi] for /ki/ [tʃi]

[ɸi] for initial /pi/ [tç]

[ʃu] for non-initial /pu/ [ɸu]

[si] for /si/ [ʃi]

Ye

Ye has two variations, Rural and Urban.

Cases Case Number Case Suffix Notes
Nominative-Absolutive 1, 1a -0
Accusative 2 -[ɔ]
Ergative 3 -[nɔ]
Vocative 20 -[i]
Genitive 4 -[ne]
Possessive 5 -[me]
Ablative 6 -[ɛⁿ], -0
Locative 7 -[kæⁿ]
Allative-Dative (8) 9 -[θi]
Instrumental 10 -[xi]
Comitative 13 -[ni]
Elative 15 -[kɛⁿ] LOC + ABL
Inessive 16 -[kæⁿxi] LOC + LOC
Illative 17 -[kæⁿθi] LOC + ALL
Abessive 18 -[nito] COM + to
General Directionals Abbreviation Meaning Notes
-[xi]- DIR.STAT in place
-[nɔ]- DIR.SUPER up
-[ni]- DIR.SUB down Older [ny]
-[i]-, -[0]- DIR.ABL away from Older [y], [hy]; Ye absence of Directional implies DIR.ABL
-[θi]- DIR.ALL towards Older [θy]
PAM Suffixes Abbreviation Aspect Polarity Mood Notes Early Siye
-[mɔ]- IPFV.POS.REAL (PAM1, P1) Imperfective Positive Realis -mea-
-[nɔ]- PFV.POS.REAL (PAM2, P2) Perfective Positive Realis -nea-
-[me]- IPFV.POS.IRL (PAM3, P3) Imperfective Positive Irrealis -me-
-[ne]- PFV.POS.IRL (PAM4, P4) Perfective Positive Irrealis -ne-
-[mɔ:]- IPFV.POS.REAL (PAM5, P5) Imperfective Negative Realis -meau-
-[nɔ:]- PFV.POS.REAL (PAM6, P6) Perfective Negative Realis -neau-
-[me:]- IPFV.POS.IRL (PAM7, P7) Imperfective Negative Irrealis Subjunctive -meu-
-[ne:]- PFV.POS.IRL (PAM8, P8) Perfective Negative Irrealis Contrafactual -neu-


1. In pre-Ye, a and um had become [ɑ] and [ʌⁿ].

2. The fricatives coalesce into h: s, ɸ, ʃ , x > h.

3. The affricates become fricatives: tʃ, ts, tç > ʃ, s, ç

4. The Great Ye Vowel Shift; ɛⁿ > æⁿ, ɑ > ɔ, æⁿ > ɪɘⁿ, Cæⁿ > Cjɘⁿ, ɔⁿ > ɒⁿ, u > y, ʌⁿ > ɛⁿ

5. The semi-vowels and h disappear, precipitating a round of vowel dominance contraction: h, w, j > 0

6. The remaining fricatives increase distance from one another: ʃ, s, ç > x, θ, s

7. y > i (22nd century)

Examples Meaning Standard Spelling Standard Pronunciation Rural Ye Pronunciation Notes
red /kiwa/ [ˈʧʰi.ʋɑ] [ˈxɔ:]
I am seeing it. /eleyemputsuma/ [e.le.ˈjɛⁿ.ɸu.ˌtsu.mɑ] [e.ˈlɛⁿ:.ʔi.ˌθi.mɔ]
towards the fortress /kilusu/ [ˈʧʰi.lu.su] [ˈxi.li.θi]
cloak /kamsutu/ [ˈkæⁿ.su.tsu] [ˈkʰjɘⁿ.i.θi]
beast /pitake/ [ˈtçʰi.tɑ.ke] [ˈsi.tɔ.ke]
loc. /-kem/ [gɛⁿ] [kæⁿ]
what? /pala/ [ˈpa.la] [ˈpɔ.lɔ]
Martian duck /amsa/ [ˈɪɘⁿ.sjɘⁿ] Mostly found in local words of pre-Siye origin
ecstasy /omnum/ [ˈɔⁿ.nʌⁿ] [ˈɒⁿ.nɛⁿ]

Tadji

Tadji is a daughter language of Tide and a sister language to Tiye. It is descended from the ruling caste dialect used before the Great Revolt. It is beyond the scope of this document to explore the complexities of Tadji, so here it will merely be stated that Siye-speakers often use Tadji as an onomastic resource.

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