|
|
| (20 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| * ''See also'': [[Ilya/lexicon|Ilya dictionary]]
| | <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="inuse" style="background: #fcc; border: 1px solid #aaa; margin: 0 2.5%; padding: 0 10px"> |
| * ''See also'': [[Ilya/phrases|Ilya phrases]]
| | <font size="3">'''This project has been abandoned.'''</font><br /> |
| | | </div> |
| == Phonology == | | [[User:Masako|masako]] ([[User talk:Masako|talk]]) |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 600px;"
| |
| |+ '''consonants'''
| |
| |-
| |
| <!-- Heading row --> | |
| !
| |
| !Bilabial
| |
| !Alveolar
| |
| !Palatal
| |
| !Velar
| |
| !Labiovelar
| |
| !Glottal
| |
| |- align="center" <!-- Stops -->
| |
| ! Plosives
| |
| | {{IPA|p b}}
| |
| | {{IPA|t d}}
| |
| |
| |
| | {{IPA|k g}}
| |
| |
| |
| | {{IPA|ʔ}} ('''q''')
| |
| |- align="center"
| |
| ! Nasals
| |
| | {{IPA|m}}
| |
| | {{IPA|n}}
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |- align="center"
| |
| ! Fricatives
| |
| |
| |
| | {{IPA|s}}
| |
| | {{IPA|ʃ}} ('''sh''')
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |- align="center"
| |
| ! Approximants
| |
| |
| |
| | {{IPA|l}}
| |
| | {{IPA|j}} ('''y''')
| |
| |
| |
| | {{IPA|w}}
| |
| | {{IPA|h}}
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Trill
| |
| |
| |
| | align="center"|{{IPA|r}}
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| <small>Note: The glottal stop /ʔ/ '''q''', is used as a "buffer" to keep vowels apart when adding suffixes.</small> | |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+vowels
| |
| !
| |
| !Front
| |
| !Central
| |
| !Back
| |
| |- style="text-align:center;"
| |
| !Close
| |
| |i~ɪ || || u~ʊ
| |
| |- style="text-align:center;"
| |
| !Mid
| |
| |e~ɛ || || o
| |
| |- style="text-align:center;"
| |
| !Open
| |
| | || a~ə ||
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| Vowel length is productive and is marked by an [[WP:Acute_accent|acute]] accent. '''á é í ú'''
| |
| | |
| == Nouns ==
| |
| | |
| === Number ===
| |
| | |
| Ilya nouns can be singular, dual, or plural.
| |
| | |
| * '''kop-á''' - dog
| |
| ** '''kop-ik''' - (two) dogs
| |
| *** '''kop-im''' - dogs
| |
| | |
| === Gender ===
| |
| | |
| Ilya does not have grammatical gender. However, where desired, masculine individuals may be distinguished by the suffix XXX, and feminine ones by XXX :
| |
| | |
| * '''kop-á''' - dog
| |
| | |
| === Some ===
| |
| | |
| === Case ===
| |
| | |
| === Vocative ===
| |
| | |
| === Affect (diminutive and augmentative) ===
| |
| | |
| == Pronouns ==
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 200px;"
| |
| !
| |
| ! ''singular''
| |
| ! ''plural''
| |
| |-align=center | |
| ! 1
| |
| | '''-an'''
| |
| | '''-uk'''
| |
| |-align=center
| |
| ! 2
| |
| | '''-ti''' / '''-e'''
| |
| | '''-ut'''
| |
| |-align=center
| |
| ! 3
| |
| | '''-u''' / '''-a''' / '''il'''
| |
| | '''-um'''
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| === Demonstrative pronouns ===
| |
| | |
| === Case ===
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 400px;"
| |
| |-
| |
| !
| |
| ! nominative
| |
| ! accusative
| |
| ! genitive
| |
| ! dative
| |
| |-
| |
| | '''1s''' || '''-an''' || '''eyan''' || '''nai''' || '''iban'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | '''2s''' || '''-ti''' / '''-e''' || '''eti''' / '''eye''' || '''tai''' || '''ibti'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | '''3s''' || '''-u''' / '''-a''' || '''eya''' || '''ai''' || '''ibu'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | '''1p''' || '''-uk''' || '''eyuk''' || '''kai''' || '''ibuk'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | '''2p''' || '''-ut''' / '''-í''' || '''eyut''' || '''wai''' || '''ibut'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | '''3p''' || '''-um''' || '''eyum''' || '''mai''' || '''imbu'''
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ==== direct object incorporation ====
| |
| | |
| Direct object pronouns are incorporated to the verb inflection. So, instead of '''eya rayeshan''' (I saw her), '''rayeshana''' is grammatical. The DO pronouns are not used when the object is specified. So, instead of '''kawal rayeshanu''' (I saw (it) the horse), '''kawal rayeshan''' is grammatical.
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 400px;"
| |
| |-
| |
| ! verb
| |
| ! tense / aspect / mood
| |
| ! subject
| |
| ! object
| |
| |-
| |
| | '''ray''' || '''-esh''' || '''-an''' || '''-a'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | see || simple past || 1sg || 3sg.FEM
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="4" style="text-align: center;" | ''I saw her.''
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| == Prepositions ==
| |
| | |
| == Attributives ==
| |
| | |
| == Numbers ==
| |
| | |
| === Cardinal ===
| |
| | |
| === Ordinal ===
| |
| | |
| == Questions ==
| |
| | |
| === Affirmation & Negation ===
| |
| | |
| === Content Questions ===
| |
| | |
| === Answering ===
| |
| | |
| == Verbs ==
| |
| | |
| === Tense ===
| |
| | |
| === Aspect ===
| |
| | |
| === Mood ===
| |
| | |
| === Other modifiers ===
| |
| | |
| == Syntax ==
| |
| | |
| === Negation ===
| |
| | |
| === Conjunction ===
| |
| | |
| === Reported Speech ===
| |
| | |
| === Subordinate clauses ===
| |
| | |
| === Relative clauses ===
| |
