User:Masako/sandbox: Difference between revisions
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... | = verbs = | ||
'''Ilya''' relies on verbs and their modifiers to express many subtleties of meaning, the '''Ilya''' verb can generally function as a verb, adjective, or preposition, but the rules of use are very simple. | |||
== verb modifiers == | |||
* '''i-''' - reflexive [REFL] | |||
:: '''iwagana''' - <small>REFL-1sg-see-PROG</small> - ''I see myself.'' | |||
* '''ba-''' - negative [NEG] | |||
* '''-sh''' - past tense [PST] | |||
* '''-é''' - interrogative [Q] | |||
:: '''yeshgané''' - <small>2sg.OBJ-PST-see-Q</small> - ''Were you seen?'' | |||
* '''-a''' - progressive [PROG] | |||
* '''-ó''' - habitual [HAB] | |||
= nouns = | |||
== noun modifiers == | |||
=== number === | |||
* '''x''' - horse | |||
* '''x''' - horses | |||
=== noun classes === | |||
* '''x-''' - people; places | |||
* '''x-''' - trees; weather; natural phenomena | |||
* '''x-''' - groups of objects; collective | |||
* '''x-''' - tools; artifacts | |||
* '''x-''' - body parts and functions | |||
* '''x-''' - animals; noises | |||
* '''x- / a-''' - abstract; null | |||
== pronouns == | |||
Both subject and object are marked on the verb. | |||
* '''wa-''' - first person singular | |||
* '''ha(n)-''' - first person plural | |||
* '''ya-''' - second person singular | |||
* '''(q)a-''' - second person plural | |||
=== prefixes === | |||
There are no personal pronouns - they aren’t needed, since persons are indicated on the verb. There are a limited number of deictics and quantifiers: | |||
* '''ku-''' - this | |||
* '''shu-''' - that (by you) | |||
* '''u-''' - that (over there); other; another | |||
* '''wi-''' - same; the same | |||
* '''ni-''' - each; every | |||
* '''le-''' - some | |||
* '''ba-''' - none | |||
= adpositions = | |||
== locative affixes == | |||
* '''x-''' - static location | |||
* '''x-''' - inside of an object | |||
* '''x-''' - under water | |||
* '''x-''' - into water | |||
* '''x-''' - on top of | |||
* '''x-''' - under | |||
* '''x-''' - through | |||
* '''x-''' - out of | |||
* '''x-''' - above or over | |||
* '''x-''' - in the air | |||
* '''x-''' - across | |||
<br> | |||
* '''x-''' - on / at / away from | |||
* '''x-''' - along / back to | |||
* '''x-''' - over there | |||
* '''x-''' - to / towards | |||
Revision as of 12:33, 11 January 2016
verbs
Ilya relies on verbs and their modifiers to express many subtleties of meaning, the Ilya verb can generally function as a verb, adjective, or preposition, but the rules of use are very simple.
verb modifiers
- i- - reflexive [REFL]
- iwagana - REFL-1sg-see-PROG - I see myself.
- ba- - negative [NEG]
- -sh - past tense [PST]
- -é - interrogative [Q]
- yeshgané - 2sg.OBJ-PST-see-Q - Were you seen?
- -a - progressive [PROG]
- -ó - habitual [HAB]
nouns
noun modifiers
number
- x - horse
- x - horses
noun classes
- x- - people; places
- x- - trees; weather; natural phenomena
- x- - groups of objects; collective
- x- - tools; artifacts
- x- - body parts and functions
- x- - animals; noises
- x- / a- - abstract; null
pronouns
Both subject and object are marked on the verb.
- wa- - first person singular
- ha(n)- - first person plural
- ya- - second person singular
- (q)a- - second person plural
prefixes
There are no personal pronouns - they aren’t needed, since persons are indicated on the verb. There are a limited number of deictics and quantifiers:
- ku- - this
- shu- - that (by you)
- u- - that (over there); other; another
- wi- - same; the same
- ni- - each; every
- le- - some
- ba- - none
adpositions
locative affixes
- x- - static location
- x- - inside of an object
- x- - under water
- x- - into water
- x- - on top of
- x- - under
- x- - through
- x- - out of
- x- - above or over
- x- - in the air
- x- - across
- x- - on / at / away from
- x- - along / back to
- x- - over there
- x- - to / towards
