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Azirian numbers: Difference between revisions

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This is an overview of number systems in various Azirian languages. Currently only Zariva is represented, but I plan on including representative samples of many other languages.
This is an overview of number systems in various Azirian languages.
 
== Jarda ==
 
In Jarda, numbers can be represented in any base which is convenient, up to base 12.
 
* 1: ju {{IPA|[ju]}}
* 2: řal {{IPA|[ɻal]}}
* 3: đağ {{IPA|[ɟaɣ]}}
* 4: kun {{IPA|[kun]}}
* 5: raz {{IPA|[raz]}}
* 6: kóv {{IPA|[kov]}}
* 7: noś {{IPA|[nɔɕ]}}
* 8: řóm {{IPA|[ɻom]}}
* 9: kóř {{IPA|[koɻ]}}
* 10: jum {{IPA|[jum]}}
* 11: vaź {{IPA|[vaʑ]}}
* 12: źév {{IPA|[ʑev]}}
 
== Jirra ==
 
The Jirra language is related to Lindiga. Compare these numbers with the corresponding Lindiga words:
 
* 1: swai {{IPA|[sʷai]}}
* 2: koči {{IPA|[kotʃi]}}
* 3: miči {{IPA|[mitʃi]}}
* 4: sirwi {{IPA|[siɾʷi]}}
* 5: ngwëswi {{IPA|[ŋwəzʷi]}}
* 6: issi {{IPA|[issʲi]}}
* 7: xasci {{IPA|[xasci]}}
* 8: kwasi {{IPA|[kʷazʲi]}}
* 9: ütti {{IPA|[ʉttʲi]}}
* 10: cië {{IPA|[ciə]}}
 
== Lindiga ==
 
* 1: rsai {{IPA|[ʂɛi]}}
* 2: koti {{IPA|[kɔʧi]}}
* 3: miti {{IPA|[miʧi]}}
* 4: siři {{IPA|[ʃiɽi]}}
* 5: ngüorsi {{IPA|[ŋuəʐi]}}
* 6: issi {{IPA|[iʃʃi]}}
* 7: chaski {{IPA|[xaski]}}
* 8: pasi {{IPA|[paʒi]}}
* 9: ykki {{IPA|[ykki]}}
* 10: kie {{IPA|[kiə]}}
 
Lindiga is also the source for basic numbers in the Minza language: šei, koči, miči, širi, ňuoži, iši, xaski, paži, yki, kie.
 
== Siralla ==
 
Siralla numbers use base 8:
 
* 1: ik {{IPA|[ik]}}
* 2: nar {{IPA|[nar]}}
* 3: gar {{IPA|[ɡar]}}
* 4: zek {{IPA|[zɛk]}}
* 5: chek {{IPA|[tʃɛk]}}
* 6: rev {{IPA|[rɛv]}}
* 7: yel {{IPA|[jɛl]}}
* 8: kemel {{IPA|[kɛmɛl]}}
 
Numbers after 8 add the suffix -mel: ikmel "nine", narmel "ten", etc.
 
== Tirelat ==
 
Tirelat uses base 12.
 
* 1: lii {{IPA|[liː]}}
* 2: dłaa {{IPA|[dɮaː]}}
* 3: kim {{IPA|[kim]}}
* 4: reega {{IPA|[reːɡa]}}
* 5: vakki {{IPA|[vakki]}}
* 6: zem {{IPA|[zɛm]}}
* 7: telił {{IPA|[tɛliɬ]}}
* 8: syt {{IPA|[sɨt]}}
* 9: lañu {{IPA|[laŋu]}}
* 10: nidi {{IPA|[nidi]}}
* 11: foža {{IPA|[fɔʒa]}}
* 12: kaž {{IPA|[kaʒ]}}
 
== Virelli ==
 
Virelli, as is typical of Zireen languages, uses base 8.
 
* 1: hú {{IPA|[hú]}}
* 2: zá {{IPA|[zá]}}
* 3: néri {{IPA|[néʐì]}}
* 4: ņa’i {{IPA|[ɲàʔì]}}
* 5: séða {{IPA|[séðà]}}
* 6: háka {{IPA|[hákà]}}
* 7: gira {{IPA|[ɣìʐà]}}
* 8: hļú {{IPA|[ɬʲú]}}
 
== Vizaki ==
 
Another Zireen language which uses base 8.
 
* 1: a {{IPA|[a]}}
* 2: ti {{IPA|[ti]}}
* 3: fhei {{IPA|[hei]}}
* 4: nyy {{IPA|[nɨː]}}
* 5: šia {{IPA|[ʃia]}}
* 6: t'aša {{IPA|[tʼaʃa]}}
* 7: yša {{IPA|[ɨʃa]}}
* 8: zei {{IPA|[zei]}}


== Zariva ==
== Zariva ==


The Zariva number system uses a combination of base 5 and base 7.
The [[Zariva]] number system uses a combination of base 5 and base 7.


The numbers 1-7 are:
The numbers 1-7 are:


* 1: ai
* 1: ai {{IPA|[ai]}}
* 2: ilai ("twice one")
* 2: ilai {{IPA|[ilai]}} ("twice one")
* 3: ith
* 3: ith {{IPA|[iθ]}}
* 4: sai
* 4: sai {{IPA|[sai]}}
* 5: min
* 5: min {{IPA|[min]}}
* 6: minda ("one more than 5")
* 6: minda {{IPA|[minda]}} ("one more than 5")
* 7: thú
* 7: thú {{IPA|[θuː]}}


Certain multiples of 5 and 7 have specific names:
Certain multiples of 5 and 7 have specific names:


* 10: hi
* 10: hi {{IPA|[hi]}}
* 15: mist
* 15: mist {{IPA|[mist]}}
* 25: ming
* 25: ming {{IPA|[miŋ]}}
* 125: léshek
* 125: léshek {{IPA|[leːʃɛk]}}
* 15,625 (125<sup>2</sup>): agálik
* 15,625 (125<sup>2</sup>): agálik {{IPA|[aɡaːlik]}}
* 1,953,125 (125<sup>3</sup>): nuruthkest
* 1,953,125 (125<sup>3</sup>): nuruthkest {{IPA|[nuruθkɛst]}}


* 49: thúsi
* 49: thúsi {{IPA|[θuːsi]}}


The numbers from 1 to 125 use various combinations of 5 and 7 with the
The numbers from 1 to 125 use various combinations of 5 and 7 with the
Line 30: Line 135:
(two more), il- (twice), ith (3) and sai (4).
(two more), il- (twice), ith (3) and sai (4).


* 8: thúra (7+1)
* 8: thúra {{IPA|[θuːra]}} (7+1)
* 9: anghi (10-1)
* 9: anghi {{IPA|[aŋhi]}} (10-1)
* 10: hi
* 10: hi {{IPA|[hi]}}
* 11: hina (10+1)
* 11: hina {{IPA|[hina]}} (10+1)
* 12: hinad (10+2)
* 12: hinad {{IPA|[hinad]}} (10+2)
* 13: adammist (15-2)
* 13: adammist {{IPA|[adammist]}} (15-2)
* 14: ilthu (2*7)
* 14: ilthu {{IPA|[ilθu]}} (2*7)
* 15: mist
* 15: mist {{IPA|[mist]}}
* 16: mistra (15+1)
* 16: mistra {{IPA|[mistra]}} (15+1)
* 17: mistrad (15+2)
* 17: mistrad {{IPA|[mistrad]}} (15+2)
* 18: mistith (15+3)
* 18: mistith {{IPA|[mistiθ]}} (15+3)
* 19: mistsai (15+4)
* 19: mistsai {{IPA|[mistsai]}} (15+4)
* 20: mistmin (15+5)
* 20: mistmin {{IPA|[mistmin]}} (15+5)
* 21: ithú (3*7)
* 21: ithú {{IPA|[iθuː]}} (3*7)
* 22: ithúra (3*7+1)
* 22: ithúra {{IPA|[iθuːra]}} (3*7+1)
* 23: adamming (25-2)
* 23: adamming {{IPA|[adammiŋ]}} (25-2)
* 24: amming (25-1)
* 24: amming {{IPA|[ammiŋ]}} (25-1)
* 25: ming
* 25: ming {{IPA|[miŋ]}}
* 26: mingna (25+1)
* 26: mingna {{IPA|[miŋna]}} (25+1)
* 27: mingnad (25+2)
* 27: mingnad {{IPA|[miŋnad]}} (25+2)
* 28: saithú (4*7)
* 28: saithú {{IPA|[saiθuː]}} (4*7)
* 29: saithúra (4*7+1)
* 29: saithúra {{IPA|[saiθuːra]}} (4*7+1)
* 30: ilmist (2*15)
* 30: ilmist {{IPA|[ilmist]}} (2*15)
* 31: ilmistra (2*15+1)
* 31: ilmistra {{IPA|[ilmistra]}} (2*15+1)
* 32: mingthú (25+7)
* 32: mingthú {{IPA|[miŋθuː]}} (25+7)
* 33: mingthúra (25+7+1)
* 33: mingthúra {{IPA|[miŋθuːra]}} (25+7+1)
* 34: amminthú (5*7-1)
* 34: amminthú {{IPA|[amminθuː]}} (5*7-1)
* 35: minthú (5*7)
* 35: minthú {{IPA|[minθuː]}} (5*7)
* 36: minthúra (5*7+1)
* 36: minthúra {{IPA|[minθuːra]}} (5*7+1)
* 37: minthúrad (5*7+2)
* 37: minthúrad {{IPA|[minθuːrad]}} (5*7+2)
* 38: mingadammist (25+15-2)
* 38: mingadammist {{IPA|[miŋadammist]}} (25+15-2)
* 39: mingilthú (25+2*7)
* 39: mingilthú {{IPA|[miŋilθuː]}} (25+2*7)
* 40: mingmist (25+15)
* 40: mingmist {{IPA|[miŋmist]}} (25+15)
* 41: mingmistra (25+15+1)
* 41: mingmistra {{IPA|[miŋmistra]}} (25+15+1)
* 42: mindathú (6*7)
* 42: mindathú {{IPA|[mindaθuː]}} (6*7)
* 43: mindathúra (6*7+1)
* 43: mindathúra {{IPA|[mindaθuːra]}} (6*7+1)
* 44: anithmist (3*15-1)
* 44: anithmist {{IPA|[aniθmist]}} (3*15-1)
* 45: ithmist (3*15)
* 45: ithmist {{IPA|[iθmist]}} (3*15)
* 46: ithmistra (3*15+1)
* 46: ithmistra {{IPA|[iθmistra]}} (3*15+1)
* 47: adanthúsi (7*7-2)
* 47: adanthúsi {{IPA|[adanθuːsi]}} (7*7-2)
* 48: anthúsi (7*7-1)
* 48: anthúsi {{IPA|[anθuːsi]}} (7*7-1)
* 49: thúsi (7*7)
* 49: thúsi {{IPA|[θuːsi]}} (7*7)


After 49, multiples of 7 are less frequently used, and it starts to look
After 49, multiples of 7 are less frequently used, and it starts to look
more like a base-5 system.
more like a base-5 system.
== Zharranh ==
Zharranh uses a base 8 system. Numbers 1-8:
* 1: žar {{IPA|[ʒar]}}
* 2: k{{IPA|ɭ}}iĵu {{IPA|[kɭiʝu]}}
* 3: tiva {{IPA|[tiva]}}
* 4: ziđa {{IPA|[zid̪a]}}
* 5: ni{{IPA|ʈ}}a {{IPA|[niʈa]}}
* 6: disa {{IPA|[disa]}}
* 7: krina {{IPA|[krina]}}
* 8: mimi {{IPA|[mimi]}}
Numbers 9-15 are formed by adding the prefix mi- to numbers 1-8 (e.g. nine is "mižar" and 10 is "{{IPA|mikɭiĵu}}").
== Zireen languages ==
Zireen languages commonly use base eight. Numbers above eight are represented by various means: prefixes (such as Zharranh "mi-"), suffixes (such as Yasaro "-na"), or just saying "eight one", "eight two", and so on as separate words. Here is a comparison of basic numbers in some of the Zireen languages:
{| cellpadding="2"
!
| Virelli
| Vizaki
| Zharranh
| Jaradh
| Yasaro
| Simik
|-
! one
| hú
| a
| žar
| jar
| àu
| vá:
|-
! two
| zá
| ti
| k{{IPA|ɭ}}iĵu
| griizhiu
| nhúlu
| zain
|-
! three
| néri
| fhei
| tiva
| t'iiwa
| làku
| yaika
|-
! four
| ņa'i
| nyy
| ziđa
| ziitha
| čę́pi
| xu:
|-
! five
| séða
| šia
| ni{{IPA|ʈ}}a
| diidra
| tìa
| íx
|-
! six
| háka
| t'aša
| disa
| tuisa
| są̀rę
| tazâ
|-
! seven
| gira
| yša
| krina
| griida
| vǔki
| zizâ
|-
! eight
| hļú
| zei
| mimi
| miimui
| nùa
| câi
|-
! nine
| hļú hú
| azei
| mižar
| muijar
| aúna
| vá:câi
|-
! ten
| hļú zá
| tizei
| mik{{IPA|ɭ}}iĵu
| muigriizhiu
| nhúna
| zaincâi
|}
[[Category:Azir]]
[[Category:Lexica]]

Latest revision as of 15:15, 20 May 2006

This is an overview of number systems in various Azirian languages.

Jarda

In Jarda, numbers can be represented in any base which is convenient, up to base 12.

  • 1: ju [ju]
  • 2: řal [ɻal]
  • 3: đağ [ɟaɣ]
  • 4: kun [kun]
  • 5: raz [raz]
  • 6: kóv [kov]
  • 7: noś [nɔɕ]
  • 8: řóm [ɻom]
  • 9: kóř [koɻ]
  • 10: jum [jum]
  • 11: vaź [vaʑ]
  • 12: źév [ʑev]

Jirra

The Jirra language is related to Lindiga. Compare these numbers with the corresponding Lindiga words:

  • 1: swai [sʷai]
  • 2: koči [kotʃi]
  • 3: miči [mitʃi]
  • 4: sirwi [siɾʷi]
  • 5: ngwëswi [ŋwəzʷi]
  • 6: issi [issʲi]
  • 7: xasci [xasci]
  • 8: kwasi [kʷazʲi]
  • 9: ütti [ʉttʲi]
  • 10: cië [ciə]

Lindiga

  • 1: rsai [ʂɛi]
  • 2: koti [kɔʧi]
  • 3: miti [miʧi]
  • 4: siři [ʃiɽi]
  • 5: ngüorsi [ŋuəʐi]
  • 6: issi [iʃʃi]
  • 7: chaski [xaski]
  • 8: pasi [paʒi]
  • 9: ykki [ykki]
  • 10: kie [kiə]

Lindiga is also the source for basic numbers in the Minza language: šei, koči, miči, širi, ňuoži, iši, xaski, paži, yki, kie.

Siralla

Siralla numbers use base 8:

  • 1: ik [ik]
  • 2: nar [nar]
  • 3: gar [ɡar]
  • 4: zek [zɛk]
  • 5: chek [tʃɛk]
  • 6: rev [rɛv]
  • 7: yel [jɛl]
  • 8: kemel [kɛmɛl]

Numbers after 8 add the suffix -mel: ikmel "nine", narmel "ten", etc.

Tirelat

Tirelat uses base 12.

  • 1: lii [liː]
  • 2: dłaa [dɮaː]
  • 3: kim [kim]
  • 4: reega [reːɡa]
  • 5: vakki [vakki]
  • 6: zem [zɛm]
  • 7: telił [tɛliɬ]
  • 8: syt [sɨt]
  • 9: lañu [laŋu]
  • 10: nidi [nidi]
  • 11: foža [fɔʒa]
  • 12: kaž [kaʒ]

Virelli

Virelli, as is typical of Zireen languages, uses base 8.

  • 1: hú [hú]
  • 2: zá [zá]
  • 3: néri [néʐì]
  • 4: ņa’i [ɲàʔì]
  • 5: séða [séðà]
  • 6: háka [hákà]
  • 7: gira [ɣìʐà]
  • 8: hļú [ɬʲú]

Vizaki

Another Zireen language which uses base 8.

  • 1: a [a]
  • 2: ti [ti]
  • 3: fhei [hei]
  • 4: nyy [nɨː]
  • 5: šia [ʃia]
  • 6: t'aša [tʼaʃa]
  • 7: yša [ɨʃa]
  • 8: zei [zei]

Zariva

The Zariva number system uses a combination of base 5 and base 7.

The numbers 1-7 are:

  • 1: ai [ai]
  • 2: ilai [ilai] ("twice one")
  • 3: ith [iθ]
  • 4: sai [sai]
  • 5: min [min]
  • 6: minda [minda] ("one more than 5")
  • 7: thú [θuː]

Certain multiples of 5 and 7 have specific names:

  • 10: hi [hi]
  • 15: mist [mist]
  • 25: ming [miŋ]
  • 125: léshek [leːʃɛk]
  • 15,625 (1252): agálik [aɡaːlik]
  • 1,953,125 (1253): nuruthkest [nuruθkɛst]
  • 49: thúsi [θuːsi]

The numbers from 1 to 125 use various combinations of 5 and 7 with the following affixes: an- (one less), adan- (two less), -ra (one more) -rad (two more), il- (twice), ith (3) and sai (4).

  • 8: thúra [θuːra] (7+1)
  • 9: anghi [aŋhi] (10-1)
  • 10: hi [hi]
  • 11: hina [hina] (10+1)
  • 12: hinad [hinad] (10+2)
  • 13: adammist [adammist] (15-2)
  • 14: ilthu [ilθu] (2*7)
  • 15: mist [mist]
  • 16: mistra [mistra] (15+1)
  • 17: mistrad [mistrad] (15+2)
  • 18: mistith [mistiθ] (15+3)
  • 19: mistsai [mistsai] (15+4)
  • 20: mistmin [mistmin] (15+5)
  • 21: ithú [iθuː] (3*7)
  • 22: ithúra [iθuːra] (3*7+1)
  • 23: adamming [adammiŋ] (25-2)
  • 24: amming [ammiŋ] (25-1)
  • 25: ming [miŋ]
  • 26: mingna [miŋna] (25+1)
  • 27: mingnad [miŋnad] (25+2)
  • 28: saithú [saiθuː] (4*7)
  • 29: saithúra [saiθuːra] (4*7+1)
  • 30: ilmist [ilmist] (2*15)
  • 31: ilmistra [ilmistra] (2*15+1)
  • 32: mingthú [miŋθuː] (25+7)
  • 33: mingthúra [miŋθuːra] (25+7+1)
  • 34: amminthú [amminθuː] (5*7-1)
  • 35: minthú [minθuː] (5*7)
  • 36: minthúra [minθuːra] (5*7+1)
  • 37: minthúrad [minθuːrad] (5*7+2)
  • 38: mingadammist [miŋadammist] (25+15-2)
  • 39: mingilthú [miŋilθuː] (25+2*7)
  • 40: mingmist [miŋmist] (25+15)
  • 41: mingmistra [miŋmistra] (25+15+1)
  • 42: mindathú [mindaθuː] (6*7)
  • 43: mindathúra [mindaθuːra] (6*7+1)
  • 44: anithmist [aniθmist] (3*15-1)
  • 45: ithmist [iθmist] (3*15)
  • 46: ithmistra [iθmistra] (3*15+1)
  • 47: adanthúsi [adanθuːsi] (7*7-2)
  • 48: anthúsi [anθuːsi] (7*7-1)
  • 49: thúsi [θuːsi] (7*7)

After 49, multiples of 7 are less frequently used, and it starts to look more like a base-5 system.

Zharranh

Zharranh uses a base 8 system. Numbers 1-8:

  • 1: žar [ʒar]
  • 2: kɭiĵu [kɭiʝu]
  • 3: tiva [tiva]
  • 4: ziđa [zid̪a]
  • 5: niʈa [niʈa]
  • 6: disa [disa]
  • 7: krina [krina]
  • 8: mimi [mimi]

Numbers 9-15 are formed by adding the prefix mi- to numbers 1-8 (e.g. nine is "mižar" and 10 is "mikɭiĵu").

Zireen languages

Zireen languages commonly use base eight. Numbers above eight are represented by various means: prefixes (such as Zharranh "mi-"), suffixes (such as Yasaro "-na"), or just saying "eight one", "eight two", and so on as separate words. Here is a comparison of basic numbers in some of the Zireen languages:

Virelli Vizaki Zharranh Jaradh Yasaro Simik
one a žar jar àu vá:
two ti kɭiĵu griizhiu nhúlu zain
three néri fhei tiva t'iiwa làku yaika
four ņa'i nyy ziđa ziitha čę́pi xu:
five séða šia niʈa diidra tìa íx
six háka t'aša disa tuisa są̀rę tazâ
seven gira yša krina griida vǔki zizâ
eight hļú zei mimi miimui nùa câi
nine hļú hú azei mižar muijar aúna vá:câi
ten hļú zá tizei mikɭiĵu muigriizhiu nhúna zaincâi