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| | {{Deletion|Staigard|Well I have moved all the data somewhere else}} |
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| == ..... Want==
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| Maybe I should forget about the subjunctive (ends in '''xn''', before ended in '''xs''', maybe should end in '''xk''') and do things another way ??
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| If then the
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| 1) '''wár bái nambo''' => I want to go home
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| 2) '''wár bín nambo''' => I want you to go home ... subjunctive ?
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| 3) '''wár timpin ò''' => I want you to hit her/him ... subjunctive ?
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| 4) '''wár tà (gìs) timpirwa ò''' => I wish that you had hit her/him .... Note that we have '''timpirwa''' and not '''timpirwi'''
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| So in the above ... the construction as in 1) is used when the person doing the wanting, is also the subject (A or O) of the action required and the second action sort of "follows on" from the "wanting".
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| The construction as in 2) and 3) is used when the person doing the wanting is different from the subject (A or O) of the action required. The second action again sort of "following on" from the "wanting".
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| The construction as in 4) is used when the person doing the wanting is different from the subject (A or O) of the action required AND the second action DOES NOT "following on" from the "wanting".
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| TO THINK ABOUT
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| --------------- | |
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| Now we have said before that '''béu''' has free word order, however this really only applies to the verb in R-form (R) and the S argument in an intransitive clause, and the R, A and O in a transitive clause. When you have a verb in '''gomia'''-form (G), in the subjunctive form (Sub) or in the imperative form (Imp), you must have these elements in the following order ;-
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| S G : S Sub ... the last of these (S -S ) is quite unusual. Maybe can have S I ... but then S must be in vocative case
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| A G O : A Sub O : Imp O ... expand this and make it look good. Maybe can have A I O ... but then A must be in vocative case
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| -----
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| In the '''béu''' linguistic tradition, a clause that has one R verb in it, or one N verb, or one I verb is called '''aʒiŋko baga''' or a simple clause. Any clause that has an R verb plus an G or N, verb is called a '''aʒiŋko kaza''' or a complex clause.
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| == ..... Start, Stop, Try==
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| In '''béu''', three secondary verbs (in English) are expressed by a copula plus a '''pilana'''. They are ...
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| to start drinking => '''láu solbelke'''
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| to stop drinking => '''láu solbelfe'''
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| to try drinking => '''sàu solbewo'''
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| And just to demonstrate that the above doesn't necessary lead to confusion ...
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| He talks about drinking => '''cator solbewo'''
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| We talk about trying to drink => '''catair wo sàu solbewo'''
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| So in fact the '''gomia''' take 8 of the 12 '''pilana''' ... '''ji ge n ho la lfe lkx wo'''
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| The ergative '''s''' also occurs but only in its prepositional form '''sá'''
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| == ..... -'''am'''- as a none-productive infix==
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| '''klói''' = to see
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| '''klamoi''' = to show
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| '''tàu''' = to know
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| '''tamau''' = to tell
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| '''bái''' = to go, to move
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| '''bamai''' = to drive
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| '''kàu''' = to come
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| '''kamau''' = to summon
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| '''fyu''' = to fly
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| '''fyamu''' = to throw
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| '''gwoi''' = to jump (involuntarily), to give a start
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| '''gwamoi''' = to make somebody jump, to give somebody a start
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| '''doika''' = walk
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| '''damoika''' = to manage, to run ......... '''damoikanai''' = "the management" or "the managers"
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| == ..... To think about==
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| Further uses of the "s" form of the verb. That is the subjunctive.
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| Also used in dependent clauses with the meaning ...
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| that xxx should yyy.
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| Used after "want/hope/believe ?" if the subject is different. If subject is the same then the verb is in the '''gomia''' form.
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| -------------------
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| hear, see, think, like, remember, know, believe | use '''tà + full verb''' with FACT complements.
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| hear, see, like, remember | use '''gomia''' with ACTION complements (English would use "-ing")
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| Sometimes when English would use the "to" construction, '''béu''' would use the -'''u''' participle | remember
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| == Some rubbish==
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| '''poma''' = leg
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| '''pomas''' = to kick, '''pomari''' = I kicked
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| '''pomaswan''' = liable to kick, fond of kicking
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| '''pomonda''' = good to kick
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| '''klonda''' = worth seeing
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| To fix up this bit.....Of course we can make two clauses, and have the second clause one element inside the first clause. To do that you must use the particle '''tà'''. Equivalent to one of the uses of "that" in English. '''tà''' basically tells you that the following clause should be treated like a single element, like a single noun.
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| I should mention '''sá tà ...'''
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| ---------------------------------------
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| '''solbe''' = to drink
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| '''heŋgo''' = to live (or it could mean "a life")
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| '''soŋkau''' = to die (or it could mean "death")
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| '''glabu''' = person
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| '''moze''' = water
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| '''moʒi''' = steam
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| '''heŋgola''' = alive, living
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| '''soŋki''' = dead
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| == ..... KENKO==
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| '''keŋko''' = salt ... base form ... noun
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| '''keŋkua''' = salty ... adjective
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| '''keŋkia''' = salt-free ... adjective
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| '''keŋkari''' = I added salt ... verb (transitive)
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| '''keŋkos''' = to add salt
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| '''kenkoska''' = to not add salt
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| == ..... Examples of prepositions==
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| move these somewhere else
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| '''ilai''' = between
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| '''geka''' = without
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| '''mú''' = outside of
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| '''muka''' = outside
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| '''pika''' = inside
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| -------
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| '''pòi''' = to enter or to put in
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| '''piwa nambo''' = go into the house
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| '''wiwa toilia di poiho toilicoi''' = put these book in the bookcase
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| '''wiwa toilia di pòin nambo''' = take these book into the house
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| '''wiwa toilia di pòin nambo kyén jeneye''' = take these book into the house and give to Jane
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| -------
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| '''méu''' = to exit or to take out ... I guess cat must be '''mèu'''
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| '''miwa nambo báin''' = come out of the house, get out of the house
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| == .... -NI, NAI and -GO==
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| {| border=1
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| |align=center| pronounced
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| |align=center| operation
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| |align=center| label
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| |align=center| example
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| |-
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| |align=center| '''-nai'''
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| |align=center| adjective => noun
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| |align=center| "-ness" or "-ity"
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| |align=center| '''boinai''' = goodness
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| |-
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| |align=center| '''-go'''
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| |align=center| noun => adjective, plus adjective => adjective, plus verb => adjective
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| |align=center| "ish"
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| |align=center| '''gla.go''' = effeminate, '''hia.go''' = reddish, '''bla.go''' = quarrelsome
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| |}
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| {| border=1
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| |align=center| '''gèu'''
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| |align=center| green
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| |align=center| '''geunai'''
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| |align=center| greenness
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| |-
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| |align=center| '''juga'''
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| |align=center| wide
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| |align=center| '''jugani'''
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| |align=center| width
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| |-
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| |align=center| '''tumu'''
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| |align=center| stupid
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| |align=center| '''tumuni'''
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| |align=center| stupidity
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| |-
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| |align=center| '''bòi'''
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| |align=center| good
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| |align=center| '''boinai'''
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| |align=center| goodness
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| |-
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| |align=center| '''mutu'''
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| |align=center| important
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| |align=center| '''mutumni'''
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| |align=center| importance
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| |}
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| '''-go'''
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| '''gó''' = to resemble, to be like
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| '''gó dó''' = to be the exact image of
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| '''gla.go''' = effeminate, '''hia.go''' = reddish, '''bla.go''' = quarrelsome
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| Sometimes the '''-go''' derived words have negative connotations, as in '''gal.go'''
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| There is a suffix '''-ka''' (notice it is not considered a '''pilana'''), that often has a positive connotation, sometimes making a couplet with a '''-go''' derived word. For example ;-
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| '''gla.ka''' = womanly
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| '''kài''' = to appear, to seem
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| '''kò''' = appearance
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| ==..... Getting the opposite by adding "u"==
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| ===.... A prefix for adjectives===
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| '''taitau''' = many
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| '''utaitau''' = few
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| '''mutu''' = important
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| '''umutu''' = unimportant
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| ===.... and a prefix for adverb===
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| '''nan''' = for a long time
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| '''unan''' = not for a long time
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| ===.... and a prefix for nouns===
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| '''mezna''' = to fight
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| '''meznana''' = combatant
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| '''umeznana''' = non-combatant
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| As in English, not found that often. Sometimes found in rule books.
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| ===.... but an infix for verbs===
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| There is a reason why we do not simply prefix '''u''' to the verbs also.
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| '''kanja''' = to fold
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| '''kunjana''' = "folding" (an adjective) or "one that folds" (a noun)
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| '''ukunjana''' = "one that doesn't fold"
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| Suppose we did simply prefix '''u''' to the verb. Then "to unfold" would be '''ukanja''', and hence '''ukanjana''' would be a noun meaning "one that unfolds". But if you look up a bit, you can see that this form ('''ukanjana''') already has the meaning "one that doesn't fold". This would cause confusion.
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| {| border=1
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| |align=center| '''kunja'''
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| |align=center| to fold
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| |align=center| '''kunjua'''
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| |align=center| to unfold
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| |-
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| |align=center| '''laiba'''
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| |align=center| to cover
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| |align=center| '''laibua'''
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| |align=center| to uncover
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| |-
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| |align=center| '''fuŋga'''
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| |align=center| to fasten, to lock
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| |align=center| '''fuŋgua'''
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| |align=center| to unfasten, to unlock
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| |-
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| |align=center| '''benda'''
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| |align=center| to assemble, to put together
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| |align=center| '''bendua'''
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| |align=center| to take apart, to disassemble
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| |-
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| |align=center| '''pauca'''
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| |align=center| to stop up, to block
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| |align=center| '''paucua'''
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| |align=center| to unstop
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| |-
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| |align=center| '''sensa'''
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| |align=center| to weave
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| |align=center| '''sensua'''
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| |align=center| to unravel
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| |-
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| |align=center| '''fiŋka'''
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| |align=center| to put on clothes, to dress
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| |align=center| '''fiŋkua'''
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| |align=center| to undress
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| |-
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| |align=center| '''tasta'''
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| |align=center| to tangle
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| |align=center| '''tastua'''
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| |align=center| to untangle
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| |}
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| Note that in any other form but the '''geladi''', the '''u''' changes to a '''w'''. For example ;-
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| '''fiŋkwori''' = he undressed
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| ==Index==
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| {{Béu Index}}
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