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| =='''-co''' or '''có''' : '''pilana najauva''' ... (the fourteenth pilana)==
| | {{Deletion|Staigard|Well I have moved all the data somewhere else}} |
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| means "about" as in "they talk about him".
| | db-g7 |
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| ==How concepts relate to nparts of speech==
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| '''beu?''' differs slightly from English, in that the primary form of most words relating to body states are verbs. For example ;-
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| '''joze''' = to be bored, boredom
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| '''?oime''' = to be happy, to be glad
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| '''heuno''' = to be sad, to be unhappy
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| ==..... Word building==
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| Many '''béu''' words can be analysed as being constructed from more basic elements.
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| We have given the structure of the '''béu''' noun phrase already (see ??). If a phrase consisting of the head plus a genitive or the head plus an adjective occur together many times and/or their meaning starts to take on nuances which are more than the sum of the two constituant elements then the two words coalesce . When 2 words coalesce ;-
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| 1) The genitive suffix '''n''' is dropped
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| 2) The first syllable of the first word is dropped.
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| 3) The remainder of the first word is affixed to the second word.
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| Here are some examples ;-
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| {| border=1
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| |align=right| '''gxx''' =
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| |align=left| to raise ..............................
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| |align=right| '''gonai''' =
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| |align=left| a machine
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| |align=right| '''gonai gxx.n''' =
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| |align=left| "a machine of levitation"
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| |align=center|'''=>'''
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| |align=right| '''gxxnai''' =
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| |align=left| a lift or an elevator
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| |-
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| |align=right| '''glxx''' =
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| |align=left| to rise
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| |align=right| '''tagu''' =
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| |align=left| a tool
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| |align=right| '''tagu glxx.n''' =
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| |align=left| "a rising tool"
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| |align=center|=>
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| |align=right| '''glxxgu''' =
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| |align=left| a ladder
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| |-
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| |align=right| '''nandau''' =
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| |align=left| a word
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| |align=right| '''toili''' =
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| |align=left| a book
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| |align=right| '''toili nandau.n''' =
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| |align=left| "a book of words"
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| |align=center|=>
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| |align=right| '''nandauli''' =
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| |align=left| a dictionary
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| |-
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| |align=right| '''limba''' =
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| |align=left| a tongue or language
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| |align=right| '''myega''' =
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| |align=left| a body of knowledge,
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| |align=right| '''myega limba.n''' =
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| |align=left| "the study of language"
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| |align=center|=>
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| |align=right| '''limbaga''' =
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| |align=left| linguistics
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| |-
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| |align=right|
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| |align=left|
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| |align=right|
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| |align=left| a subject
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| |align=right|
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| |align=left|
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| |align=center|
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| |align=right|
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| |align=left|
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| |}
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| === Word or -DAU===
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| {| border=1
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| |align=right| '''du''' =
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| |align=left| to do, an action, a deed ...............
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| |align=right| '''nandau''' =
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| |align=left| a word ....................
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| |align=right| '''nandau du.n''' =
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| |align=left| "a word of action"
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| |align=center|'''=>'''
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| |align=right| '''dudau''' =
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| |align=left| a verb
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| |-
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| |align=right| '''cwipa''' =
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| |align=left| an object, a thing(physical)
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| |align=right| '''nandau''' =
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| |align=left| a word
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| |align=right| '''nandau cwipa.n''' =
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| |align=left| "a word of an object"
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| |align=center|=>
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| |align=right| '''cwipadau''' =
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| |align=left| a noun
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| |-
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| |align=right| '''sài''' =
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| |align=left| a colour
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| |align=right| '''nandau''' =
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| |align=left| a word
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| |align=right| '''nandau sài.n''' =
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| |align=left| "a word of colour"
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| |align=center|'''=>'''
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| |align=right| '''saidau''' =
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| |align=left| an adjective
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| |}
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| === Person or -BU===
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| {| border=1
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| |align=right| '''ww''' =
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| |align=left| a country ............................................
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| |align=right| '''glabu''' =
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| |align=left| a person ....................
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| |align=right| '''glabu ww.n''' =
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| |align=left| "a person of country"
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| |align=center|'''=>'''
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| |align=right| '''wwbu''' =
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| |align=left| a compatriot
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| |-
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| |align=right| '''xx''' =
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| |align=left| to compete, to struggle
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| |align=right| '''glabu''' =
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| |align=left| a person
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| |align=right| '''glabu xx.n''' =
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| |align=left| "a person of competition"
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| |align=center|'''=>'''
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| |align=right| '''xxbu''' =
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| |align=left| a capitalist
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| |-
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| |align=right| '''yy''' =
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| |align=left| to share
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| |align=right| '''glabu''' =
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| |align=left| a person
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| |align=right| '''glabu yy.n''' =
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| |align=left| "a person of sharing"
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| |align=center|=>
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| |align=right| '''yybu''' =
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| |align=left| a socialist
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| |-
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| |align=right| '''zz''' =
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| |align=left| the same ??
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| |align=right| '''glabu''' =
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| |align=left| a person
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| |align=right| '''glabu zz.n''' =
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| |align=left| "a person of the same"
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| |align=center|'''=>'''
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| |align=right| '''zzbu''' =
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| |align=left| a communist
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| |}
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| === Fellow or -PEU===
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| '''ampeu''' = a fellow, a peer, someone of the same social status as you
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| {| border=1
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| |align=right| '''vv''' =
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| |align=left| a womb
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| |align=right| '''ampeu''' =
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| |align=left| a fellow, a mate ..........
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| |align=right| '''ampeu vv.n''' =
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| |align=left| "a fellow of womb"
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| |align=center|'''=>'''
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| |align=right| '''vvpeu''' =
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| |align=left| a womb-mate, a twin
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| |-
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| |align=right| '''ww''' =
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| |align=left| a class
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| |align=right| '''ampeu''' =
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| |align=left| a fellow
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| |align=right| '''ampeu ww.n''' =
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| |align=left| "a person of class"
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| |align=center|'''=>'''
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| |align=right| '''wwpeu''' =
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| |align=left| a classmate
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| |-
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| |align=right| '''xx''' =
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| |align=left| year
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| |align=right| '''ampeu''' =
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| |align=left| a fellow, a mate
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| |align=right| '''ampeu xx.n''' =
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| |align=left| "a year fellow"
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| |align=center|'''=>'''
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| |align=right| '''xxpeu''' =
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| |align=left| somebody born in the same year as you
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| |align=right| '''yy''' =
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| |align=left| a name
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| |align=right| '''ampeu''' =
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| |align=left| a fellow, a mate
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| |align=right| '''ampeu yy.n''' =
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| |align=left| "a fellow of name"
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| |align=center|=>
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| |align=right| '''yypeu''' =
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| |align=left| a namesake, somebody with the same name as you
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| |align=right| '''zz''' =
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| |align=left| aim, objective, a purpose, a cause
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| |align=right| '''ampeu''' =
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| |align=left| a fellow, a mate
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| |align=right| '''ampeu zz.n''' =
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| |align=left| "a person of the same objective"
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| |align=center|'''=>'''
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| |align=right| '''zzpeu''' =
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| |align=left| a comrade
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| |}
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| === Subject or -GA===
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| === Book or -LI===
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| === Tool or -GU===
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| === Machine or -NAI===
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| === Belief/theory or -GAI===
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| === Wagon or -???===
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| === Building or -???===
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| === Side or -KA===
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| '''daka''' = side
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| '''aibaka''' = a triangle
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| '''ugaka''' = a square
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| '''idaka''' = a pentagon
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| '''elaka''' = a hexagon
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| etc. etc.
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| === Area/Station or -KAU===
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| '''dakau''' = area, face
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| '''ugakau''' = a tetrahedron
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| '''elakau''' = a cube
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| '''ezakau''' = an octahedron
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| '''ajaukau''' = a dodecahedron
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| '''ajauzakau''' = an icosahedron
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| === Volume/Room or -KAI===
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| '''dakai''' = volume, room
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| '''moʃikai''' = water room = bathrooom
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| = bedroom
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| = cookroom
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| = livingroom
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| = store room
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| You can name the regular shapes in 4 dimensions.
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| '''idakai''' = a 5-cell
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| '''ezakai''' = an 8-cell
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| '''ajaugakai''' = a 16-cell
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| '''uvaukai''' = a 24-cell
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| '''apaukai''' = 120-cell
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| '''agaivaukai''' = 600-cell
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| === Professional or -???===
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| === Tradesman or -???===
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| === Shop or -???===
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| === Seller or -???===
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| === Stuff or -???===
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| === Metal or -???===
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| === Water or -ZE===
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| === Air/gas or -???===
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| === Group or -???===
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| === Member or -???===
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| === Disease or ???===
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| '''hikai''' = disease
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| === Fish or -???===
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| === Trees or -???===
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| === Fruit/nuts or -ZO ... 27===
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| ----------------
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| We do not want a "unit", "boat".
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| ⁕⁕'''nandauli''' is a good example of '''béu''' word building. '''toili''' = book, '''nandau''' = word, '''toili nandaun''' = book of words. However if two words such as these
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| '''geudidau''' means extended word. It is also a good example of an extended word, in itself.
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| '''geuda''' is a verb mean'''béu'''ing to extend in one direction (usually not up). '''geudo''' is an noun meaning an extension or appendix. '''geudi''' is an adjective meaning extended.
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| '''nandau geudi''' = extended word ... now when a noun and a following adjective occur together a lot (and maybe take on a meaning slightly different) the concept they represent is normally upgraded to a word, by deleting all but the last CV (consonant vowel) in the first word, and sticking this CV on to the end of the second word.
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| Hence we get '''geudidau'''. In theory there is no limit to the combinations that can occur. However in practice (outside of technical language) there are slightly under a hundred different CV's, and the number of elements that every CV can combine with, varies from 3 or 4 up to about 40.
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| In English we have a number of common endings, such as "-ism", "-ology", "ist", etc. etc. In '''béu''' the end-stuck CV's can be thought of as equivalent to these English endings : the main difference is that this word building process is much more prevalent in '''béu'''.
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| The CV '''-dau''' (from '''nandau''') is found in combination with a number of other elements. For example ;-
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| Note that in the last example, the meaning of the extended word has shifted a bit with respect to the meaning of the original words.
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| It is possible to extend further an extended word. For example ;-
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| '''kaza''' is an adjective meaning compicated and also is a noun meaning "a complicated thing" or "a complex".
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| '''kaza cwipadaun''' = a complex of a noun => '''cwipadauza''' = a noun phrase
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| ===Units===
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| We discussed a little about "units" in chapter 2 under the '''noiga''' section.
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| Now we will discuss '''béu''' units (or '''jada''') more fully.
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| The unit of distance is the '''yí''' (3.68 km) ... this is actually the radius of the earth divided by 1000<sub>12</sub>.
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| The unit of height is the '''hú''' (2.13 m) ... this is actually the '''yí''' divided by 1000<sub>12</sub>.
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| The unit of weight is the '''wó''' (5.6 kg) ... this is actually (the weight of water in a cube with every side one '''hú''' long) divided by 1000<sub>12</sub>.
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| The unit of area is the '''náu''' (7,839 m<sup>2</sup>) ... this is actually (the area of a square with every side one '''hú''' long) multiplied by by 1000<sub>12</sub>.
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| The unit of temperature is the '''mái''' (87 degrees Kelvin). This makes the temperature of the human body equal to 3 1/2 units.
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| Also 3.0 '''mái''' is -12 degrees celsius and 4.0 '''mái''' is 75 degrees celsius. As the temperature of the air is nearly always between these two limits, when people discuss the weather, they normally drop the "3".
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| GIVE A FEW EXAMPLES ... show how they are written, unit of speed is ? Unit of time is ?
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| The unit of angle is the '''omba''' (360 degrees).
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| The unit of speed is the '''són'''
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| ==Index==
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| {{Béu Index}}
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