|
|
| (12 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{Kala 2}}
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Questions==
| |
|
| |
| * There are three kinds of question: those that can be answered with a simple "yes" or "no", those that present a range of options to choose from, and those that ask for a particular piece of information.
| |
|
| |
| *Additionally, questions can be direct ("Where are we going?") or indirect ("I asked you where we are going", "I don't know who I am").
| |
|
| |
| ===Yes/No questions===
| |
|
| |
| A sentence can be turned into a yes/no question by adding '''a'''? ("yes?") or '''ak'''? ("no?") just before the interrogative particle '''ka'''.
| |
| :
| |
| :
| |
| * Do you speak German?
| |
| :'''ta alemanyatla kala ka'''
| |
| :<tt>2S Germany.Language speak INT.PART</tt>
| |
|
| |
| * Did you eat?
| |
| :'''ta inaye ka'''
| |
| :<tt>2S eat.PAST INT.PART</tt>
| |
|
| |
| * We're lost, aren't we?
| |
| :'''nam kayo ak ka'''
| |
| :<tt>1P lost COP.NEG INT.PART</tt>
| |
|
| |
| * Does she understand?
| |
| :'''ha unya ka'''
| |
| :<tt>3S understand INT.PART</tt>
| |
|
| |
| ====Indirect====
| |
|
| |
| * I want to know whether the food has arrived.
| |
| :'''na iya ke ina talaye unyaue'''
| |
| :<tt>1S COND.PART TOP.PART food come.PAST know.VOL</tt>
| |
|
| |
| * She asked if I could help.
| |
| :'''ha iya ke na yotapa kanyoye'''
| |
| :<tt>3S COND.PART TOP.PART 1S help.ABIL ask.PAST</tt>
| |
|
| |
| The answer to a yes/no question is '''a''' ("yes") or '''ak''' ("no"), '''a''' states that the possibility expressed in the question is true; '''ak''' states that it is false:
| |
|
| |
| * '''ta nkapaue ka'''
| |
| :<tt>2S alcohol.VOL INT.PART</tt>
| |
| :Do you want (a) beer?
| |
|
| |
| :* '''tsepa a'''
| |
| ::<tt>please yes</tt>
| |
| ::Yes, please. (I do want beer)
| |
|
| |
| :* '''nyasak'''
| |
| ::<tt>thank you.NEG</tt>
| |
| ::No, thanks. (I don't want beer)
| |
|
| |
| ===Alternative questions===
| |
|
| |
| * An alternative question simply asks the listener to pick one of a number of options, usually expressed as a list joined with the conjunction '''ua''':
| |
|
| |
| * '''ta tsa'i ua kaua ua nkapa ueha ka'''
| |
| :<tt>2S tea or coffee or beer want INT.PART</tt>
| |
| :Do you want tea, coffee, or beer?
| |
| ::* '''tsepa kaua'''
| |
| ::<tt>please coffee</tt>
| |
| ::Coffee, please.
| |
|
| |
| * '''ta nya tsiti ua uelo ua yala talaye ka'''
| |
| :<tt>2S by car or bicycle or walk come.PAST INT.PART</tt>
| |
| :Did you come by car, or by bicycle, or did you walk?
| |
|
| |
| ===Other questions===
| |
|
| |
| Other questions use interrogative determiners or pronouns such as '''ote''', '''ko''', '''ke''', '''ama''', '''ku''', '''to''', '''mo''', and '''nye'''. The interrogative word appears at the beginning of the sentence:
| |
|
| |
| * '''ote mosa ke ta yomu ka'''
| |
| :<tt>which book TOP.PART 2S read INT.PART</tt>
| |
| "Which book are you reading?
| |
|
| |
| * '''ko moyako ke ta tsopo ka'''
| |
| :<tt>person write.AG TOP.PART 2S prefer INT.PART</tt>
| |
| :Who is your preferred author?
| |
|
| |
| * '''ke itla maka kapi ka'''
| |
| :<tt>TOP.PART this music ugly INT.PART</tt>
| |
| :What is this ugly music?
| |
|
| |
| * '''ke ta muya ka'''
| |
| :<tt>TOP.PART 2S do INT.PART</tt>
| |
| :What are you doing?
| |
|
| |
| * '''ama ta moku ka'''
| |
| :<tt>time 2S sleep INT.PART</tt>
| |
| :When do you sleep?
| |
|
| |
| * '''ku ta inatli ka'''
| |
| :<tt>amount 2S eat.FUT INT.PART</tt>
| |
| :How much will you eat?
| |
|
| |
| * '''to ta yalaye ka'''
| |
| :<tt>way 2S walk.PAST INT.PART</tt>
| |
| :How did you walk?
| |
|
| |
| * '''mo nam a ka'''
| |
| :<tt>place 1P COP INT.PART</tt>
| |
| :Where are we?
| |
|
| |
| * '''nye ta empa ka'''
| |
| :<tt>reason 2S run INT.PART</tt>
| |
| :Why are you running?
| |
|
| |
| == Index ==
| |
|
| |
| {{Kala index}}
| |
|
| |
| [[Category:Kala]]
| |
