Hangraphy

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Hangraphy (maybe 漢抓?) is a system for representing Indo-European roots with Han characters (漢字, hanzi). After having done so, we can add a kind of okurigana for inflections and such and we have a readymade scheme to represent all Indo-European languages. Oversimplificated? You betcha.

For an example, we can take the numbers, which are pretty basic.

1	一	*oi-[no-]	en: one, ru: один, la: unus, etc.
2	二	*dwo-	en: two, es: dos, grc: δύο, ...
3	三	*tri-	en: three, fr: trois, de: drei ...
4	四	*kʷetwor-	en: four
5	五	*penkʷe	en: five
6	六	*(s)(w)eḱs	en: six
7	七	*septem	en: seven
8	八	*oḱtō	en: eight
9	九	*newn	en: nine
10	十	*deḱm	en: ten

Since words get borrowed about so much, some diverse words in a language may be spelled with the same zi, e.g. 一 goes in English words derived from "one", such as "alone" or "only", but it also goes in words of Latin origin such as "unique" or "union".

Of course some of these words inflect, so the Latin word for "one", for example, won't just be 一, but perhaps something like 一us, 一a, 一um.

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Characters

	IE	Meaning	English	Latin	Greek
	*ad-	to, near, at	at	ad
	*ag-	to drive, draw, move		ag(o), ag(ere), eg(i), ac(tus)
	*agh-	a day (considered as a span of time)	day, daw(n) (d- is a bit suss)
	*agro-	field (probably derivative of *ag-)	acre	ager, agr(i)
	*aik-	to be master of, possess	ough(t), owe, ow(n)
	*aim-	copy		aem(ulus); im(itor), im(itari), im(itatus)
	*ais-	to wish, desire	as(k)
	*aiw-, ayu-	vital force, life, long life, eternity	?	aev(um); ae(tas); ae(ternus)	(→eon)
	*ak-	sharp	egg (to egg on), ha(mmer)?	ac(us); ac(er), ac(ris), ac(re)
水	*akʷ-ā-	water	is(land)	aqu(a)
	*al-	beyond	o(ther), el(se)	il(le)?; ul(s), ul(tra); al(ter); al(ius)	(→allo-)
育	*al-	to grow, nourish	ol(d), el(der)	al(tus); al(mus); al(o), al(ere), al(ui), al(tus)
	*al-	all	all, al(beit), al(ready), al(so), al(though), al(ways)
	*albho-	white	elf?	alb(us)
	*alu-	in words related to sorcery, magic, possession, and intoxication	ale
	*ambhi, m̥bhi	around (probably *ant-bhi, from both sides)	?	amb(io); amb(ulo)	(→amphi-)
	*an-	on	on
	*anə-	to breath		ani(mus); ani(mal)	(anemos)
	*angh-	tight, painfully constricted, painful
鬼?	*ansu-	spirit, demon
	*ant-	front, forehead
	*apo-, ap-	off, away
	*ar-, arə-	to fit together
	*arg-	to shine, white; the shining or white metal, silver
	*as-	to burn, glow
	*at-	to go; with germanic and latin derivatives meaning a year (conceived as "the period gone through, the revolving year")
	*āter-	fire
	*au-	to perceive
	*aug-	to increase
	*aus-	to shine
	*awi-	bird
	*awo-	an adult male relative other than one's father
	*ayer-	day, morning
	*ayes-	a metal, copper or bronze
	*bak-	staff used for support
	*bel-	strong
	*bhā-	to shine
	*bhā-	to speak
	*bha-bhā-	broad bean
	*bhad-	good
	*bhag-	to share out, apportion, also to get a share
	*bhāgu-	arm
	*bhāgo-	beech tree
	*bhardh-ā-	beard
	*bhares-, bhars-	barley
	*bhau-	to strike
	*bhegʷ-	to run
	*bhei-	a bee
	*bheid-	to split; with Germanic derivatives referring to biting (hence also to eating and to hunting) and woodworking
	*bheidh-	to trust, confide, persuade
	*bhel-	to shine, flash, burn; shining white and various bright colors
	*bhel-	to blow, swell; with derivatives referring to various round objects and to the notion of tumescent masculinity
	*bhel-	to thrive, bloom
	*bhelgh-	to swell
	*bhendh-	to bind
	*bher-	to carry; also to bear children
	*bher-	bright, brown
	*bherəg-	to shine; bright, white
	*bhergh-	to hide, protect
	*bhergh-	high; with derivatives referring to hills and hill-forts
	*bhes-	to breathe
	*bheudh-	to be aware, to make aware
	*bheuə-, bheu	to be, exist, grow
	*bheug-	to bend; with derivatives referring to bent, pliable, or curved objects
	*bhlē-	to blow
	*bhleu-	to swell, well up, overflow
	*bhoso-	naked
	*bhrāter-	brother, male agnate
	*bhreg-	to break
	*bhreu-, bhreuə-, bhreəu-	to boil, bubble, effervesce, burn; with derivatives referring to cooking and brewing
	*bhrū-	eyebrow
	*dā-	to divide
	*dail-	to divide
	*daiwer-	husband's brother
涙	*dakru-	tear	lacri(ma)	δάκρυ(ον)
	*de-	demonstrative stem, base of prepositions and adverbs
	*deik-	to show, pronounce solemnly; also in derivatives referring to the directing of words or objects
	*dek-	to take, accept
十	*dekm	ten
右	*deks-	right (opposite left); hence, south (from the viewpoint of one facing east)		dex(ter)	δεξ(ιός)
	*del-	long
	*del-	to recount, count
	*dem-	house, household
	*demə-	to constrain, force, especially to break in (horses)
歯	*dent-	tooth
	*der-	to split, peel, flay; with derivatives referring to skin and leather
	*derk-	to see
	*deru-, dreu-	to be firm, solid, steadfast; hence specialized senses "wood", tree" and derivatives referring to objects made of wood
	*deu-	to lack, be wanting
	*deu-	to do, perform, show favor, revere
	*deuə-, dwaə	long (in duration)
	*deuk-	to lead
	*dhē-	to set, put
	*dhegʷw-	to burn, warm
	*dhē(i)-	to suck
	*dheigh-	to form, build
	*dher-	to hold firmly, support
	*dhers-	to venture, be bold
	*dhēs-	root of words in religious concepts
	*dheu-	to flow	dew
	*dheu-	to die	dea(d), dea(th), die
	*dheub-, dheubh-	deep, hollow	deep
	*dheuə-	to close, finish, come full circle (probably related to *dheu-, to die)	tow(n)	fu(nus)
	*dheugh-	to produce something of utility	?		(teukhos)
	*dhghem-	earth	?	hum(us); hom(o), hom(inis)	(khthon)
	*dhgh(y)es-	yesterday	yes(terday)
	*dhīgʷ-	to stick, fix	dig?	fig(o), fig(ere), fixi=fic(si), fixus=fic(sus); fi(bula)
	*dhreg-	to draw, glide	drink, drench, drow(n)
	*dreibh-	to drive, push; snow	drive, drove
	*dhreu-	to fall, flow, drip, droop	drea(ry), dro(p), droo(p)		(thruptein)
娘	*dhugəter-	daughter
	*dhwer-	door, doorway (usually plural)	door	for(as); for(is); for(um)	(thura)
	*dlegh-	to engage oneself	play	maybe (in)dulg(eo)
舌	*dn̥ghū-	tongue	tongue	lingu(a)
	*dō-	to give		d(o), d(are), de-d(i), d(atus)	(didonai, dosis, doron)
	*dus-	bad, evil, mis- (derivative of *deu-, to lack)			(→dys-)
	*dwo-	two	two, twe(lve), twe(lfth)	du(o), bi(s), bi(ni)	(duo)
	*dyeu-	to shine (and in many derivatives "sky, heaven, god")	Tue(sday)	di(es); de(us); div(us); di(s), di(tis); div(es), div(itis); Iup(piter), Iov(is); Iu(lius)	(Zeus, delos)
食	*ed-	to eat (original meaning "to bite")	eat	ed(o), ed(ere), ed(i), ed(itus); (pran)d(ium) first meal
居	*es-	to be	a(m), is; ye(s)	es(se), s(um), es, es(t), s(umus), es(tis), s(unt)	(einai)
来	*gʷā-, gʷem-	to go, to come	come, (wel)come, (be)come	ven(ire)	(bainein)
矯 (王?)	*reg-	to move in a straight line, with derivatives meaning to direct in a straight line, lead, rule	righ(t)=矯了; rake (also rajah, maharajah from Sanskrit)	reg(o), reg(ere), rexi=rec(si), rec(tus)=矯了us; rex=rec(s); reg(ula); rog(o), rog(are), rog(are), rog(avi), rog(atus)=矯了us Homograph Alert!	(oregein)
見	*weid-	to see	wit, wi(se)=見了	vid(eo), vid(ere), vid(i), vi(sus)
勝	*weik-	to fight, conquer		vinc(o), vinc(ere), vic(i), vic(tus)=勝了us

	IE	English	Latin	Greek	German	Japanese
誕 (生?)	*seuH- [give birth]	so(n)			Soh(n)	たん(じょう)
飲	*peH₃(i)- [drink]		po(tus), bi-b(o)	πόσ(ις), πί(νω)		の(む)
耳	*H₂eus-	ear	aur(is)	οὖς	Ohr	みみ
目	*okʷ-	eye	oc(ulus)		Auge	め
父	*pH₂ter-	father	pater, patr(is)		Vater	ちち
魚	*peisk-	fish	pisc(is)		Fisch	さかな
制,法?	*yewes- [law]		ius, iur(is), ius(tus)
地	*lendh-	land			Land	ち
男	*wiH-ro (or *Hner-?) [male]	(were-)	vir			ひと
女	*gʷenH- [female]	(queen)		γυνή		おんな
中	*medhi-	mid, midd(le)	medi(us)			なか
母	*maH₂ter-	mother	mater, matr(is)	μήτηρ	Mutter	はは
鼠	*mūs-	mouse	mus, mur(is)	μυς	Maus	ねずみ
雪	*sneigʷh-	snow	nix=nic(s), niv(is)	*νίψ (νίφα)	Schnee	ゆき
水	*akʷa- [water]	is(land)	aqu(a)			みず
湿	*wed-	wat(er), wet, wint(er), hyd(ro)-	und(a)	hud(ōr)	Wass(er)	しめ(る)
冬	*ghei-/*ghiems [winter]		hiem(s), hiem(is)			ふゆ
風	*H₂weH₁-(nt)-	wind	vent(us)			かぜ
狼	*wlkʷ-	wolf	lup(us)	λύκ(ος)	Wolf	おおかみ
狐	*wlp-e:- [fox]		vulp(es)	ἀλώπηξ		きつね
牛	*gʷou-	cow	bo(s, -vis)	βοῦς	Kuh	うし
古, 老, 高	*al-(t-)	old, (eld)	alt(us)			ふる(い), お[い(る)], たか(い)
蜜	*melit- [honey]	(mildew)	mel (mulsus)	μέλι		みつ
雨	*reg-	rain	rig(are)		regen	あめ
丸	*wel- [round]		vol(vere)	ἕλ(ιξ)		まる（い）
王	*reg- [king, rule, right]	right	rex, reg(num), reg(ula)		Reich	おう

English Words

男狼	werewolf	*wiro-wl̥kʷo
男育了	world	*wiro-al²-to

Latin Words

飲飲o, 飲飲re, 飲飲i, 飲飲了us	bibo, bibere, bibi, bibitus
食ibilis	edibilis
父icius	patricius
魚ina	piscina
飲io	potio
飲to, 飲tare, 飲tavi, 飲tatus	poto, potare, potavi, potatus