Proto-Uralic/D: Difference between revisions

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===Std PU *ð===
===Std PU *d₁===


;‌*ə-stem nominals (8+2)
;‌*ə-stem nominals (8+2)


&zwnj;*ëðə "year", *eðə "front", *käwðə "rope", *kuðɜ "morning", *nüðə "shaft", *o(w)ðəm(ə) "tent", *piðə "long", *śüð⁽ʲ⁾ə "coal", *täwðə "full"<br/>
&zwnj;*ëd₁ə 'year', *ed₁ə 'front', *käwd₁ə 'rope', *kud₁ɜ 'morning', *nüd₁ə 'shaft', *o(w)d₁əm(ə) 'tent', *pid₁ə 'long', ? *śüdₓə 'coal', *täwd₁ə 'full'<br/>
EU *saðə "band" (or *saða- "to bind"?)<br/>
EU *sad₁ə 'band' (or *sad₁a- 'to bind'?)<br/>
(*śoðə "duck"? cf. below)
(*śod₁ə 'duck'? cf. below)


;&zwnj;*A-stem verbs (3+2)
;&zwnj;*A-stem verbs (3+2)


&zwnj;*lewðä- "to find", *śaða- "(to) rut", *śaða- "to rain";<br/>
? *lewd₁ä- 'to find', *śad₁a- '(to) rut', *śad₁a- 'to rain';<br/>
FP *kuða- "to weave", WU *ńiðä- "to tie"
FP *kud₁a- 'to weave', WU *ńid₁ä- 'to tie'


;&zwnj;*A-stem nominals ← suffixed? (2)
;&zwnj;*A-stem nominals ← suffixed? (2)


* *peðpä "shoulder" (← *peðə-päŋə "X-head"??)
* *ped₁pä 'shoulder' (← *ped₁ə-päŋə 'X-head'??)
* *śoðka "duck" (or *śoðə, WU *śoðə-ka?)
* *śod₁ka 'duck' (or *śod₁ə, WU *śod₁ə-ka?)


;Other cases (4)
;Other cases (4)


&zwnj;*aðə- "to sleep", #läpðä "spleen", *paðaw "dam, weir", *śɜðäm(ə) "heart", *wɜðɜm(ə) "marrow"
&zwnj;*ad₁ə- 'to sleep', #läpd₁ä 'spleen', *pad₁aw 'dam, weir', *śɜd₁äm(ə) 'heart', *wɜd₁ɜm(ə) 'marrow'


;Questionable
;Questionable


* #wäðä "large animal" (probably *wedä "cow" vs. *wälä "draft animal")
* #wäd₁ä 'large animal' (probably *wedä 'cow' vs. *wälä 'draft animal')
* S *kiðë ~ Mo *keďəj "spring" (may be *ðʲ)
* S *kiðë ~ Mo *keďəj 'spring' (may be *d₂)
* ES *mōjðē ~ Sk #maćće "woods" (better *ðʲ anyway)
* ES *mōjðē ~ Sk #maćće 'woods' (better *d₂ anyway)
* "F *nejtej ~ P *nɨl "girl" (or in parallel from PU *näjə)
* F *nejtej ~ P *nɨl 'girl' (or in parallel from PU *näjə)
* F *nowta- "to fetch" ~ OU #ńoogəl- "to follow" (or in parallel from PU *ńoxə-)
* F *nowta- 'to fetch' ~ OU #ńoogəl- 'to follow' (or in parallel from PU *ńoxə-)
* Fi. ''pudas'' ~ OU #pasəl ~ Ne. *pārād "river branch"
* Fi. ''pudas'' ~ OU #pasəl ~ Ne. *pārād 'river branch'
* Mo *sud ~ P *sool "bark"
* Mo *sud ~ P *sool 'bark'


;Proto-Samic cases without an etymology
;Proto-Samic cases without an etymology

Revision as of 00:38, 1 April 2015

Std PU *d₁

‌*ə-stem nominals (8+2)

‌*ëd₁ə 'year', *ed₁ə 'front', *käwd₁ə 'rope', *kud₁ɜ 'morning', *nüd₁ə 'shaft', *o(w)d₁əm(ə) 'tent', *pid₁ə 'long', ? *śüdₓə 'coal', *täwd₁ə 'full'
EU *sad₁ə 'band' (or *sad₁a- 'to bind'?)
(*śod₁ə 'duck'? cf. below)

‌*A-stem verbs (3+2)

? *lewd₁ä- 'to find', *śad₁a- '(to) rut', *śad₁a- 'to rain';
FP *kud₁a- 'to weave', WU *ńid₁ä- 'to tie'

‌*A-stem nominals ← suffixed? (2)
  • *ped₁pä 'shoulder' (← *ped₁ə-päŋə 'X-head'??)
  • *śod₁ka 'duck' (or *śod₁ə, WU *śod₁ə-ka?)
Other cases (4)

‌*ad₁ə- 'to sleep', #läpd₁ä 'spleen', *pad₁aw 'dam, weir', *śɜd₁äm(ə) 'heart', *wɜd₁ɜm(ə) 'marrow'

Questionable
  • #wäd₁ä 'large animal' (probably *wedä 'cow' vs. *wälä 'draft animal')
  • S *kiðë ~ Mo *keďəj 'spring' (may be *d₂)
  • ES *mōjðē ~ Sk #maćće 'woods' (better *d₂ anyway)
  • F *nejtej ~ P *nɨl 'girl' (or in parallel from PU *näjə)
  • F *nowta- 'to fetch' ~ OU #ńoogəl- 'to follow' (or in parallel from PU *ńoxə-)
  • Fi. pudas ~ OU #pasəl ~ Ne. *pārād 'river branch'
  • Mo *sud ~ P *sool 'bark'
Proto-Samic cases without an etymology

(TBA)

Std PU *-t-

For comparision.

A-stem nominals (5+2) A-stem verbs (4)
*kota "hut", *nojta "shaman", *pata "pot", #rïta "trap", *śë/ata "100" (← II) *itä- "to appear", *pitä- "to hold", #sïto- "to bind" *wetä- "to pull" (← *wexə-tä-?)
ə-stem nominals (6+1) ə-stem verbs (0+1)
*jEtə "evening", *kätə "hand", *kütə "middle", *metə "honey" (← IE), *sëtə "axle", *wetə "water" MaP *jatə- "to ask"
unclear nominals (2)
#nataw "younger in-law", PKh *rAtɜ "fog"
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