Proto-Uralic/I: Difference between revisions

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|-
|-
| "year ring"
| "year ring"
| ''*süü'' || '''*sēvɤ''' || - || *šɪja || *si || - || *täw || - || *tiə
| ''*süü'' || '''*sēvɤ''' || - || *šĭja || *si || - || *täw || - || *tiə
| *siwə?  
| *siwə?  
|-
|-
| "name"
| "name"
| *nimi || *nɤmɤ || style="color:red"| *ľem || style="color:red"| ''*lʏm'' || style="color:green"| *ńim || style="color:green"| neev<br/>~ neve- || *näm || *neem || *nim
| *nimi || *nɤmɤ || style="color:red"| *ľem || style="color:red"| ''*lü̆m'' || style="color:green"| *ńim || style="color:green"| neev<br/>~ neve- || *näm || *neem || *nim
| Cf. IE; PBS *inmen-
| Cf. IE; PBS *inmen-
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| "cloud"
| "cloud"
| *pilvi || *pɤlvɤ || peľ || *pəl<!--@~7--> || *piľ- || felhöö || - || style="color:red"| ''*peLəŋ'' || -
| *pilvi || *pɤlvɤ || peľ || *pĭl || *piľ- || felhöö || - || style="color:red"| ''*peLəŋ'' || -
| Kh. *e / _CC?
| Kh. *e / _CC?
|-
| "to smell"
| - || KiT *lɤkɤ || - || - || - || - || - || Vj <span style="color:green">ɭööɣ-</span> || -
|-
|-
| "connecting river"
| "connecting river"
Line 81: Line 84:
|-
|-
| "5"
| "5"
| style="color:red"| *viici || style="color:red"| *vītɤ || *veťɜ ||style="color:red"| *vəəć || *vit || öt || *ät || *weet || '''*wüt'''
| style="color:red"| *viici || style="color:red"| *vītɤ || *veťɜ ||style="color:green"| *vĭć || *vit || öt || *ät || *weet || '''*wüt'''
| H+Ms *wi- > *ü-. FS *wiiti.
| H+Ms *wi- > *ü-. FS *wiitə.
|-
|-
| "gadfly"
| "gadfly"
Line 91: Line 94:
| CMs *ńä- > *ńi-
| CMs *ńä- > *ńi-
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| with Samic *ī
! colspan="10"| Samic *ī-ɤ
|-
|-
| "to soften"
| "to soften"
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|-
|-
| "father; big"
| "father; big"
| *isä || *ɤčē || Mk. '''oćä''' || *ɪźa || - || öös || *äć || - || style="color:red"| '''*äjsä'''
| *isä || *ɤčē || Mk. '''oćä''' || *ĭźa || - || öös || *äć || - || style="color:red"| '''*äjsä'''
| Contam. of *äjjä + *iśä in Smy? Mk from ''oću'' "big" < *ićäw (cf. F. *isoi)?
| Contam. of *äjjä + *iśä in Smy? Mk from ''oću'' "big" < *ićäw (cf. F. *isoi)?
|-
|-
Line 129: Line 132:
|-
|-
| "knife"
| "knife"
| - || - || - ||style="color:red"| ''kʏźə'' || - || keeš || *käšV || *kööčəɣ || -
| - || - || - ||style="color:red"| ''kü̆źə'' || - || keeš || *käšV || *kööčəɣ || -
|-
|-
| "fir; pine"
| "fir; pine"
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| "sky"
| "sky"
| - || - || *meńəľ || - || - || mëńń || - || - || -
| - || - || *meńəľ || - || - || mëńń || - || - || -
| *ê_ə possible. H. *ńl > ńń
| *e_ə possible. H. *ńl > ńń
|-
|-
| "crowd"
| "crowd"
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|-
|-
| "rowan"
| "rowan"
| *pihlaka || - || '''*piźəl''' ||style="color:red"| *pɪzlə || U. '''paledź'''<br/>~ K. '''pelɨź''' || - || *päćər || ''*pećər'' || -
| *pihlaka || - || '''*piźəl''' ||style="color:red"| *pĭzlə || U. '''paledź'''<br/>~ K. '''pelɨź''' || - || *päćər || ''*pećər'' || -
|-
|-
| ""
| ""
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|-
|-
| "belt"
| "belt"
| *hihna || - || *kšna || *šʏštə || - || - || - || - || -
| *hihna || - || *kšna || *šü̆štə || - || - || - || - || -
| ← B. *šikšna
| ← B. *šikšna
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| "inside; breast"
| "inside; breast"
| *sisä- || *čīńčē || style="color:red"| *seźəm<!--NSES--> || *ćɪźə || - || sü(ü)ɟ;<br/>čëč || N śiś || E ťuťi || *sünsə
| *sisä- || *čīńčē || style="color:red"| *seźəm<!--NSES--> || *ćĭźə || - || sü(ü)ɟ;<br/>čëč || N śiś || E ťuťi || *sünsə
| Cf. the previous
| Cf. the previous
|-
|-
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| "grandmother"
| "grandmother"
| - || *īmē || - || - || - || - || - || *ii₁mə || #imä
| - || *īmē || - || - || - || - || - || *ii₁mə || #imä
|-
| "frost"
| - || *pīcē || - ||style="color:red"| '''*pöršə''' || '''*puuž''' || - || - || '''*paačəm''' || -
| Most better *pëčə
|-
|-
| "to run, jump"
| "to run, jump"
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|-
|-
| "to rut"
| "to rut"
| ''*kej-ma, *kii-ma'' || *kīkɤ- || - || - || U. kemdžɨ- ~ K. koj || ''kej-, höö'' || *käj- || *kööj- || -
| ''*kej-ma,<br/>*kii-ma'' || *kīkɤ- || - || - || U. kemdžɨ-<br/>~ K. koj || ''kej-, höö'' || *käj- || *kööj- || -
| *kixə ? S. *kēj-mē- ← F.
| *kixə ? S. *kēj-mē- ← F.
|-
|-
| "to rip"
| "to rip"
| *kisko- || *kɤškó- || Er. '''śkiŕa-''' ~<br/>Mk. '''kəśkəŕa-''' || - || U. keś- ~ K. koś- || ''kiisaal-'' || E '''*küštəl-''' || '''*kös-''' || -
| *kisko- || *kɤškō- || Er. '''śkiŕa-''' ~<br/>Mk. '''kəśkəŕa-''' || - || U. keś- ~ K. koś- || ''kiisaal-'' || E '''*küštəl-''' || '''*kös-''' || -
| OU *ü? H. also ''köszvény'' "gout". Cf. [[Proto-Uralic/new|*kïčkə-]]
| OU *ü? H. also ''köszvény'' "gout". Cf. [[Proto-Uralic/new|*kïčkə-]]
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
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|-
|-
| "to press"
| "to press"
| - || - || *ičə-<br/>"knead" || *jɪše- || *ɨčkɨ- || - || - || W *iiš- || -
| - || - || *ičə-<br/>"knead" || *jĭše- || *ɨčkɨ- || - || - || W *iiš- || -
| better *Ečə-?
| better *Ečə-?
|-
|-
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| "thick; big"
| "thick; big"
| - || - || *ečkɜ || - || K. *ɨdžɨt || - || - || - || -
| - || - || *ečkɜ || - || K. *ɨdžɨt || - || - || - || -
| maybe *ü?
|-
|-
| "all"
| "all"
| - || - || - ||style="color:red"| *ćɪlä || *ćɨl- || - || - || - || -
| - || - || - ||style="color:red"| *ćĭlä || *ćɨl- || - || - || - || -
| maybe *ü?
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| TBS: FP only
|-
| "to tear"
| *riicu- || *rīččō- || - || - || *reź- || - || - || - || -
|-
| "fang"
| - || *čɤlā- ||style="color:red"| ćilä || - || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| "yarn"
| - || - || - || *šü̆rtə || '''*šort''' || - || - || - || -
| Or *ü
|-
| "sweet"
| *imelä || N amiidi || - || - || '''*juumol''' || - || - || - || -
| F better ← "to suck"
|-
| "slanted"
| ''*vita'' || - || vaša- || Hi. wočɤk ~<br/>Me. wažɤk || U '''vož''' ~ K *veež || - || - || - || -
| P. "intersection"
|-
| "to press"
| *liccat- || - || - || *ləźərte- ~<br/>"JU" lazerte- || K. <span style="color:red">ľićkɨ-</span> || - || - || - || -
|-
| "scoop; board"
| *lippVj || - || Er. ľipuža<br/>~ Mk. ľebža || - || - || - || - || - || -
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| Messy stuff
! colspan="10"| TBS: rest
|-
|-
| "son-in-law"
| "son-in-law"
| '''*vävvü''' || '''*vīvɤ''' || ''ov'' || Hi. wiŋgə ~ Me. '''weŋə''' || - || vöö || - || *wööŋ || *wiŋə
| '''*vävvü''' || '''*vīvɤ''' || ''ov'' || Hi. wiŋgə ~<br/>Me. '''weŋə''' || - || vöö || - || *wööŋ || *wiŋə
| Analogy in F from *kälü "daughter-in-law", loaned to S before that?
| Analogy in F from *kälü "daughter-in-law", loaned to S before that?
|-
|-
| "knee ~ elbow"
| "knee ~ elbow"
| - || - || - || - || *pidźəs || - || *päs || - || -
| - || - || - || - || *pidźəs || - || *päs || - || -
|-
| "frost"
| - || *pīcē || - ||style="color:red"| '''*pöršə''' || '''*puuž''' || - || - || '''*paačəm''' || -
|-
|-
| "to tear"
| "to tear"
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|-
|-
| "dark"
| "dark"
| *pim-eða || - || - || - || *peľmɨt || - || - || - || *pəjmətä
| *pimeðä || - || - || - || *peľmɨt || - || - || - || *pəjmətä
| *-ðʲm- ? cf. Smy. #pij "dark"
| *-d₂m- ? cf. Smy. #pij "dark"
|-
|-
| "to unhair"
| "to unhair"
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| Es. viisA- || - || - || - || U. vodź- ~ K. vidź- || viɟaaz- || - || - || -
| Es. viisA- || - || - || - || U. vodź- ~ K. vidź- || viɟaaz- || - || - || -
| Cf. Gmc?
| Cf. Gmc?
|-
| "slanted"
| ''*vita'' || - || vaša- || Hi. wočɤk ~ Me. wažɤk || U '''vož''' ~ K *veež || - || - || - || -
| P. "intersection"
|-
| "to tear"
| *riicu- || *rīččō- || - || - || *reź- || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "narro"
| "narro"
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|-
|-
| "grave"
| "grave"
| - || - || - || *šüɣer || - || style="color:red"| šiir || - || - || -
| - || - || - || *šüɣer || - || style="color:red"| ''šiir(o-)'' || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "to run; to hurry"
| "to run; to hurry"
| - || - || čije- || - || - || style="color:red"| šiet- || style="color:red"| *ćüw-, *śiɣ- || - || -
| - || - || Er. čije- || - || - || style="color:red"| šiet- || style="color:red"| *ćüw-, *śiɣ- || - || -
| source for Ms??
| source for Ms??
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| "hill"
| "hill"
| E. süŋk || - || - || *šʏŋɣä || - || šeg || *ćääŋk(ʷ) || *ćooŋk ||
| Es. süŋk || - || - || *šü̆ŋɣä || - || šeg || *ćääŋk(ʷ) || *ćooŋk ||
| S '''*čoaŋkē''' "tuber" cf. F. *soŋka
| S '''*čoaŋkē''' "tuber" cf. F. *soŋka
|-
| "fang"
| - || *čɤlā- ||style="color:red"| ćilä || - || - || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "sap"
| "sap"
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| "to moov"
| "to moov"
| *liikku- || - || - || - || - || - || *luk-, *läkʷ- || style="color:red"| *ɬok- || *ləkə-
| *liikku- || - || - || - || - || - || *luk-, *läkʷ- || style="color:red"| *ɬok- || *ləkə-
|-
| "to press"
| *liccat- || - || - || *ləźərte- ~ "JU" lazerte- || K. <span style="color:red">ľićkɨ-</span> || || || ||
|-
| "scoop; board"
| *lippVj || - || Er. ľipuža<br/>~ Mk. ľebža || - || - || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "fire"
| "fire"
| - || - || - || - || - || tüüz || *tääwət || *töɣət || -
| - || - || - || - || - || tüüz || *tääwət || *töɣət || -
| ? *tiwätə, or *ü with SMs irregular?
| ? *tiwätə, or *ü with SMs irregular?
|-
| "sweet"
| *imelä || N amiidi || - || - || '''*juumol''' || - || - || - || -
| F better ← "to suck"
|-
| "yarn"
| - || - || - || *šʏrtə || '''*šort''' || - || - || - || -
| Or *ü
|-
|-
| "peg"
| "peg"
| - || *cɤŋkē || - || - || U čog ~<br/>K čegɤs || čegeľ || - || - || -
| - || *cɤŋkē || - || - || *čög<!--K → čegɤs--> || čegeľ || - || - || -
| Or S ~ *tüŋkä
| Or S ~ *tüŋkä
|-
|-
| "gums"
| "gums"
| *igen || - || - || - || *aŋ || iiń || - || - || -
| *igen || - || - || - || *aŋ || iiń || - || - || -
| Better *jEkəń(ə); add OUg
|-
|-
| "quiver"
| "quiver"

Revision as of 02:32, 29 March 2015

Lexeme Finnic Samic Mordv. Mari Permic Hung. Mansi Khanty Samoy. Comments
*i_ə = std. PU *i_i (F *i_i, S *ɤ_ɤ, Mo *e, P *i, Ms *ä, Kh *ee, Smy *i) old cases mostly *CVCV(CV)?
"to suck" *ime- ńɤmɤ- - - K. ńim- ëm- - *eem- *ńim-, *əm- Two variants *imə-, *ńimə-
"stone" *kivi - kev *küj U. kɤ ~ K. ki köö
~ köve-		 *käw *kööɣ -
"year ring" *süü *sēvɤ - *šĭja *si - *täw - *tiə *siwə?
"name" *nimi *nɤmɤ *ľem *lü̆m *ńim neev
~ neve-		 *näm *neem *nim Cf. IE; PBS *inmen-
"long" *pit-kä - - - - fël-, föl- *pälit *peL- *pir-
"tooth, flint" *pii - pej *püj *piń fog *päŋk *pööŋk *pəj S. *pānē probly unrelated. Smy. cf. *suŋə > *təŋ
"mouse" *hiiri - *šeŋəŕ - *šɨr egeer
~ egere-		 *täŋkər *ɬööŋkər -
"hedgehog" *siili - *śejəľ Hi. šülə ~
Me. šulo		 - †sül "soule" - - *śixələ, ix > iw > ü in H?
"ceiling space" *sii- - - - *śig - - *siiŋ *seŋ
"last" *vii- - - - - veeg - - -
"to kill" - *fɤðō-
"to beat"		 - - *vijɨ- öl- *äl- *weeL- H+Ms *wi- > *ü-. S. *vɤlē- "jump" to be excluded.
"to scrape" - - - - *ńir- ńiir- - - Ne. ńira-
"cloud" *pilvi *pɤlvɤ peľ *pĭl *piľ- felhöö - *peLəŋ - Kh. *e / _CC?
"to smell" - KiT *lɤkɤ - - - - - Vj ɭööɣ- -
"connecting river" - - - - *vis(k-) *äɣt - - - StUE4. Ms *wi- > *ü-.
"tongs" *pihti *pɤstɤ peš - K. peš - - - -
"new" *nükü - Er. ńej
~ Mk. ni		 - *ni - - - - *i-ü > *ü-ü in F.
"to stay" *püsü- - *pezə- pižä- - - - - - *i-ü > *ü-ü in F.
""
"visible" *ilmi *ɤlmɤ - - - - - - - ← *ilma
"wonder" *imeh *ɤmɤs - - - - - - - ← B?
"5" *viici *vītɤ *veťɜ *vĭć *vit öt *ät *weet *wüt H+Ms *wi- > *ü-. FS *wiitə.
"gadfly" - - - - - - *päləm *peeLəm #pil-
"to pull" - - - - - ńer- *ńär-əmt- *ńeer- - CMs *ńä- > *ńi-
Samic *ī-ɤ
"to soften" - *tīnɤ- - - - - *tim-
*tintəl-		 *tentəL- - StUE4
"coal" - *čīnɤ - - - seen
~ sene-		 - - - Or H. < *ćänä "tinder"
"smell" - *cīvnɤ *čijńɜ - - - - - - *čixə-nə?
Std. PU *i_a (*i_ä) > similar except P ??
"eye" *silmä *čɤlmē *śeľmɜ *s/šinzä *śin(m-) sëm *šäm *seem *səjmä
"father; big" *isä *ɤčē Mk. oćä *ĭźa - öös *äć - *äjsä Contam. of *äjjä + *iśä in Smy? Mk from oću "big" < *ićäw (cf. F. *isoi)?
"to appear" *itä- *ɤcé- - - - - *ätər- *eet- *ətä- Cf. IE *ǵīd-
"(to) smell" - ɤpsē- Mk opəś *üpš K. isk- iiz- *ät- *eepəL *əptə-
"to cover" *pint-eh - - - *pod fëd- *pänt- *peent- -
"deep; calm" *tüveni *tɤvē - *tüɣə - - *täwənt *teeɣən - F. *i > ü / _wä. Also: *süvä?
"knife" - - - kü̆źə - keeš *käšV *kööčəɣ -
"fir; pine" - - - Hi tɤrke - - *tärəɣ N. teexər - OU metathesis discrepancy. *tirKə-ka?!
"to hit" - - *keŕV- *kĭre- *köral- - Tv kär- - -
"sky" - - *meńəľ - - mëńń - - - *e_ə possible. H. *ńl > ńń
"crowd" - *vɤlvē *veľɜ *-wəlä - - - - -
"slanted" *vino *vɤńē Er veńaža - - - - - -
"gap" - - - *wiš *vis - - - -
"trap" *rita *rɤtē - *lüðe K. *ri - - - -
"to stick" *pistä- *pɤstē- - Hi. pište-
~ Me. pɤšte-		 - - - - - *pis-tä-, cf. "to stay"
"more, to add" *lisä *lɤsē *ľezɜ - - - - - -
"rowan" *pihlaka - *piźəl *pĭzlə U. paledź
~ K. pelɨź		 - *päćər *pećər -
""
Loans (NB Mo. *i-a > *ə-a > *∅-a!)
"place" *sija *sɤjē - - - - - - - ← Gmc *stīja-
"" *hiici *sijtɤ - - - - - - (Sk *tiitə) ← Gmc *sīdōn
"office, position" *virka *vīrkē - - - - - - - ← Gmc. *wirkja-; F. *virka "sign" ← B. *virge-. Nen. ẃārkā (< *wärkä) "to lasso" doesn't belong
"good" *hüvä *sɤvē - - - - - - - ← Ir *šiva. Mo *čiva independantly. MaPH šuŋɜ "healthy" = different
"belt" *hihna - *kšna *šü̆štə - - - - - ← B. *šikšna
"wax" - - *kšta *šištə U śuś ~ K śiś - - - - ← II
"sand" *liiva - - - U. luo ~ K. lɨva - - *ɭowi - B ^ F → P → Kh
Samic *ī_ē
"breast" *nisä *ńīńčē *ńimsä- *ńimə-śä? S. *i > *ī also before palatals? (not in *mińa)
"inside; breast" *sisä- *čīńčē *seźəm *ćĭźə - sü(ü)ɟ;
čëč		 N śiś E ťuťi *sünsə Cf. the previous
"little bird" - *cīcē- - - K. džɨdž - - *čii₂nč *sinsä- Onomatopoetic?
"to let go" - *tīptē- tuvto- - - - - - - cf. *tejə ??
"sno, frost" - *rīnē - *rün - - - - -
"grandmother" - *īmē - - - - - *ii₁mə #imä
"frost" - *pīcē - *pöršə *puuž - - *paačəm - Most better *pëčə
"to run, jump" - - - - - üüz- *it(ɣəl-) *ii₁t- -
""
""
Permic e ~ o
"daughter-in-law" *miniä *mɤńē - - U. -meń ~ K. mooń mëń *mäń *meeń *mäńä
"to rut" *kej-ma,
*kii-ma		 *kīkɤ- - - U. kemdžɨ-
~ K. koj		 kej-, höö *käj- *kööj- - *kixə ? S. *kēj-mē- ← F.
"to rip" *kisko- *kɤškō- Er. śkiŕa- ~
Mk. kəśkəŕa-		 - U. keś- ~ K. koś- kiisaal- E *küštəl- *kös- - OU *ü? H. also köszvény "gout". Cf. *kïčkə-
Permic *ɨ
"to press" - - *ičə-
"knead"		 *jĭše- *ɨčkɨ- - - W *iiš- - better *Ečə-?
"threshing
ground" 		*riihi - - - U. inšɨr ~ K. rɨnɨš - - - - E. rehi. Gmc (Riege etc) ← F.
"thick; big" - - *ečkɜ - K. *ɨdžɨt - - - - maybe *ü?
"all" - - - *ćĭlä *ćɨl- - - - -
TBS: FP only
"to tear" *riicu- *rīččō- - - *reź- - - - -
"fang" - *čɤlā- ćilä - - - - - -
"yarn" - - - *šü̆rtə *šort - - - - Or *ü
"sweet" *imelä N amiidi - - *juumol - - - - F better ← "to suck"
"slanted" *vita - vaša- Hi. wočɤk ~
Me. wažɤk		 U vož ~ K *veež - - - - P. "intersection"
"to press" *liccat- - - *ləźərte- ~
"JU" lazerte-		 K. ľićkɨ- - - - -
"scoop; board" *lippVj - Er. ľipuža
~ Mk. ľebža		 - - - - - -
TBS: rest
"son-in-law" *vävvü *vīvɤ ov Hi. wiŋgə ~
Me. weŋə		 - vöö - *wööŋ *wiŋə Analogy in F from *kälü "daughter-in-law", loaned to S before that?
"knee ~ elbow" - - - - *pidźəs - *päs - -
"to tear" - *ńɤckē- - - K. ńečkɨ- ńeš- - E ńeć-
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"dark" *pimeðä - - - *peľmɨt - - - *pəjmətä *-d₂m- ? cf. Smy. #pij "dark"
"to unhair" - *nɤvē- ńeveľe/ila- - - - nä/oɣt- *ɳaaw- *nïŋkə- F. nivo- ← S.
"to sho" Es. viisA- - - - U. vodź- ~ K. vidź- viɟaaz- - - - Cf. Gmc?
"narro" - - ťäj- - - - - - #täj- Better *ä
"decking" - - - - K. tis(k)a - - - Ne. ćet ~ Ka. tɤɤʔ
"grave" - - - *šüɣer - šiir(o-) - - -
"to run; to hurry" - - Er. čije- - - šiet- *ćüw-, *śiɣ- - - source for Ms??
"to shine" - - - - - šüt- šit- - -
"sleigh belt" - *čɤnɤ - - - - - - Ne. śään ← IE?
"hill" Es. süŋk - - *šü̆ŋɣä - šeg *ćääŋk(ʷ) *ćooŋk S *čoaŋkē "tuber" cf. F. *soŋka
"sap" - - - - *li - - - Kam. "lêji"
"to moov" *liikku- - - - - - *luk-, *läkʷ- *ɬok- *ləkə-
"fire" - - - - - tüüz *tääwət *töɣət - ? *tiwätə, or *ü with SMs irregular?
"peg" - *cɤŋkē - - *čög čegeľ - - - Or S ~ *tüŋkä
"gums" *igen - - - *aŋ iiń - - - Better *jEkəń(ə); add OUg
"quiver" - - - - - tëgëz *täwət *tii₁ɣət - Possibly *-ŋ-.
"doe; mother" - - - - - üsöö - *ees -
"evening" *ilta - Mk. iľä - - - - W *iiLaaj -
"son" - - - *iɣə - - - N. jiix (!) Sk. ii
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