Kijeb (Sohlob): Difference between revisions
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{| cellpadding="3" style="border: 1px #aaa solid" | {| cellpadding="3" style="border: 1px #aaa solid" | ||
| || Labial || Dental<br>or Alveolar || Palatal || Velar | | || Labial || Dental<br>or Alveolar || Palatal || Velar || Labiovelar | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Voiceless stops || ''p'' || ''t'' || || ''k'' | | Voiceless stops || ''p py'' || ''t ty'' || || ''k ky'' || kw | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Voiced stops || ''b'' || ''d'' || || ''g'' | | Voiced stops || ''b by '' || ''d dy'' || || ''g gy'' || gw | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Voiceless fricatives || ''f'' || ''s'' || || ''x'' | | Voiceless fricatives || ''f fy'' || ''s sy'' || || ''x xy'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Nasals || ''m'' || ''n'' || || ''{{IPA|ŋ}}'' | | Nasals || ''m my'' || ''n ny'' || || ''{{IPA|ŋ}}'' || ''{{IPA|ŋw}}'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Liquid || || ''r'' || | | Liquid || || ''r ry'' || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Semivowels || | | Semivowels || || || ''y'' (IPA [j]) || || ''w wy'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
==== Palatalization ==== | ==== Palatalization ==== | ||
An ''y'' after a consonant or cluster is realized as palatalization of the consonant, or all consonants throughout the cluster | An ''y'' after a consonant or cluster is realized as palatalization of the consonant, or all consonants throughout the cluster. | ||
=== Root structure === | === Root structure === | ||
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A Kejeb nominal or verbal root has the following structure: | A Kejeb nominal or verbal root has the following structure: | ||
: {{big| (''s'') (C) (''r | : {{big| (''s'') (C) (''r'') V (D) C (''r'') }} | ||
where | where | ||
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* None of ''yi, iy, wu, uw'' can occur. | * None of ''yi, iy, wu, uw'' can occur. | ||
* ''y'' can occur only directly before a vowel. | * ''y'' can occur only directly before a vowel. | ||
* In nominal and verbal stems the same consonant may not occur twice (the nominal stems ''mama'' "mother" and ''papa'' "father" being the only known exceptions). In pronoun and determiner stems, on the other hand, shapes like ''tat, kak, nan, sas'' are allowed and even favored. (There is also the numeral stem ''sas'' "one", but this may be a determiner in origin.) It may be that these stems were originally '''VC''' stems that became reduplicated. | * In nominal and verbal stems the same consonant may not occur twice, and no two stops or fricatives (other than ''s'') from the same point of articulation may occur within a single root (the nominal stems ''mama'' "mother" and ''papa'' "father" being the only known exceptions). In pronoun and determiner stems, on the other hand, shapes like ''tat, kak, nan, sas'' are allowed and even favored. (There is also the numeral stem ''sas'' "one", but this may be a determiner in origin.) It may be that these stems were originally '''VC''' stems that became reduplicated. | ||
* Roots consisting only of '''VC''' are extremely rare. | * Roots consisting only of '''VC''' are extremely rare. | ||
* Roots with a heavy cluster both before and after the '''V''' are rare. | * Roots with a heavy cluster both before and after the '''V''' are rare. | ||
In order to function as a [[Wikipedia:Word stem|stem]] such a root must be followed by a vowel. In nouns (including adjectives) this second vowel is a random extension, while in verbs it is an inflectional morpheme. | In order to function as a [[Wikipedia:Word stem|stem]] such a root must be followed by a vowel. In nouns (including adjectives) this second vowel is a random extension, while in verbs it is an inflectional morpheme. | ||
Revision as of 15:24, 21 March 2006
The Kejeb (Proto-Sohlob) sound system
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
| High | i | u | |
| Low | a |
Consonants
| Labial | Dental or Alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Labiovelar | |
| Voiceless stops | p py | t ty | k ky | kw | |
| Voiced stops | b by | d dy | g gy | gw | |
| Voiceless fricatives | f fy | s sy | x xy | ||
| Nasals | m my | n ny | ŋ | ŋw | |
| Liquid | r ry | ||||
| Semivowels | y (IPA [j]) | w wy |
Palatalization
An y after a consonant or cluster is realized as palatalization of the consonant, or all consonants throughout the cluster.
Root structure
A Kejeb nominal or verbal root has the following structure:
- (s) (C) (r) V (D) C (r)
where
- slots in parentheses are optional
- V is any vowel (a, i, u)
- C is any consonant
- D is any dental (t/d, n, s, r)
There are some restrictions on possible phoneme sequences, including:
- Geminates do not occur. Thus e.g. if there is an s in a C slot there can be no s in the preceding s or D slot, resulting in an ss, and similarly no rr, ww, yy, tt. dd, nn.
- n + a nasal does not occur (no nn, nm, nŋ).
- Labial + w does not occur.
- None of yi, iy, wu, uw can occur.
- y can occur only directly before a vowel.
- In nominal and verbal stems the same consonant may not occur twice, and no two stops or fricatives (other than s) from the same point of articulation may occur within a single root (the nominal stems mama "mother" and papa "father" being the only known exceptions). In pronoun and determiner stems, on the other hand, shapes like tat, kak, nan, sas are allowed and even favored. (There is also the numeral stem sas "one", but this may be a determiner in origin.) It may be that these stems were originally VC stems that became reduplicated.
- Roots consisting only of VC are extremely rare.
- Roots with a heavy cluster both before and after the V are rare.
In order to function as a stem such a root must be followed by a vowel. In nouns (including adjectives) this second vowel is a random extension, while in verbs it is an inflectional morpheme.
