Dosari: Difference between revisions
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!Open | !Open | ||
| || /a/ || | | || /a/ || | ||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
! || Front || Central || Back | |||
|- | |||
!Close | |||
| /iː/ /yː/ || || /uː/ | |||
|- | |||
!Open-mid | |||
| /ɛːɪ/ /œːʏ/ || || /ɔːʊ/ | |||
|- | |||
!Open | |||
| || /aːʊ/ || | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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Stress always occurs on the first syllable. | Stress always occurs on the first syllable. | ||
== Phonotactics == | |||
= Morphophonology = | |||
= Morphology = | = Morphology = | ||
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There are three articles in Dosari: definite (DEF), partitive (PART), and negative (NEG). When there is no article attached to a noun, it is assumed to be indefinite. Articles agree only in noun class and are all suffixes added after any declension a noun might undergo. | There are three articles in Dosari: definite (DEF), partitive (PART), and negative (NEG). When there is no article attached to a noun, it is assumed to be indefinite. Articles agree only in noun class and are all suffixes added after any declension a noun might undergo. | ||
==== | ==== Definite ==== | ||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | {| class="wikitable" border=1 | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==== | ==== Partitive ==== | ||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | {| class="wikitable" border=1 | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==== Negative ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | {| class="wikitable" border=1 | ||
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=== Case === | === Case === | ||
There are ten cases in Dosari: nominative (NOM), accusative (ACC), genitive (GEN), dative (DAT), locative (LOC), ablative (ABL), instrumental (INS), vocative (VOC), allative (ALL), and | There are ten cases in Dosari: nominative (NOM), accusative (ACC), genitive (GEN), dative (DAT), locative (LOC), ablative (ABL), instrumental (INS), vocative (VOC), allative (ALL), and essive (ESS). Case is expressed through suffixes and decline according to number but not noun class. | ||
==== Nominative ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
!SG | |||
| -0 | |||
|- | |||
!DL | |||
| -al | |||
|- | |||
!PL | |||
| -ir | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Accusative ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
!SG | |||
| -ɔm | |||
|- | |||
!DL | |||
| -at | |||
|- | |||
!PL | |||
| -ira | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Genitive ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
!SG | |||
| -i | |||
|- | |||
!DL | |||
| -ilan | |||
|- | |||
!PL | |||
| -as | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Dative ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
!SG | |||
| -p | |||
|- | |||
!DL | |||
| -pal | |||
|- | |||
!PL | |||
| -pir | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Locative ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
!SG | |||
| -ɛs | |||
|- | |||
!DL | |||
| -ɛs | |||
|- | |||
!PL | |||
| -ɛs | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Ablative ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
!SG | |||
| -xar | |||
|- | |||
!DL | |||
| -xœt | |||
|- | |||
!PL | |||
| -xɔs | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Instrumental ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
!SG | |||
| -œθ | |||
|- | |||
!DL | |||
| -ɛq | |||
|- | |||
!PL | |||
| -ama | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Vocative ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
!SG | |||
| - | |||
|- | |||
!DL | |||
| -ala | |||
|- | |||
!PL | |||
| -ira | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Allative ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
!SG | |||
| -t | |||
|- | |||
!DL | |||
| -tal | |||
|- | |||
!PL | |||
| -tir | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Essive ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
!SG | |||
| -uχ | |||
|- | |||
!DL | |||
| -uχ | |||
|- | |||
!PL | |||
| -uχ | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
=== Pronouns === | |||
==== Possessive Pronouns | |||
== Verbs == | |||
=== Tense === | |||
There are five tenses in Dosari: present, past, recent past, future, and immediate future. | |||
==== Present ==== | |||
SG | {| class="wikitable" border=1 | ||
! || SG || DL || PL | |||
|- | |||
!1P | |||
| -ɛs || -alas || -ɛn | |||
|- | |||
!2P | |||
| -id || -alad || -ix | |||
|- | |||
!3P | |||
| -ast || -alast || -a | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Past ==== | |||
SG | {| class="wikitable" border=1 | ||
DL | ! || SG || DL || PL | ||
PL | |- | ||
!1P | |||
| -ɛk || -alak || -ɛna | |||
|- | |||
!2P | |||
| -iθ || -alaθ || -ina | |||
|- | |||
!3P | |||
| -aq || -alaq || -ana | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Recent Past ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
! || SG || DL || PL | |||
|- | |||
!1P | |||
| -ɛki || -ali || -ɛnɛk | |||
|- | |||
!2P | |||
| -iθi || -ali || -iniθ | |||
|- | |||
!3P | |||
| -aqi || -ali || -anaq | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Future ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
! || SG || DL || PL | |||
|- | |||
!1P | |||
| -ɛm || -alam || -ɛ | |||
|- | |||
!2P | |||
| -iʃu || -alaʃ || -i | |||
|- | |||
!3P | |||
| -ar || -alar || -a | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Immediate Future ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
! || SG || DL || PL | |||
|- | |||
!1P | |||
| -ɛmœs || -alas || -ɛnœrɔx | |||
|- | |||
!2P | |||
| -iθys || -alas || -inyrux | |||
|- | |||
!4P | |||
| -aqas || -alas || -anarax | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
= Syntax = | |||
== Sentence Order == | |||
The general sentence order of Dosari is SOV. Due to the amount of cases in Dosari, the word order is rather flexible. However, the verb must always occur at the end. | |||
== Relative Clauses == | |||
= Vocabulary = | |||
= Example Texts = | |||
Latest revision as of 16:39, 22 July 2014
Phonology
Consonants
Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | /p/ /b/ | /t/ /d/ | /k/ /g/ | /q/ /ɢ/ | ||||
Affricate | /ts/ | /tʃ/ | ||||||
Nasal | /m/ | /n/ | ||||||
Trill | /r/ | |||||||
Fricative | /ɸ/ | /θ/ | /s/ | /ʃ/ | /x/ | /χ/ | ||
Approximant | /ʋ/ | /j/ | ||||||
Lateral Approximant | /l/ |
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | /i/ /y/ | /u/ | |
Open-mid | /ɛ/ /œ/ | /ɔ/ | |
Open | /a/ |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | /iː/ /yː/ | /uː/ | |
Open-mid | /ɛːɪ/ /œːʏ/ | /ɔːʊ/ | |
Open | /aːʊ/ |
Stress
Stress always occurs on the first syllable.
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
Noun Class
There are three noun classes in Dosari: humans/animals (NC1), plants/insects (NC2), and inanimate objects/abstract ideas (NC3). These classes deal with what the word is referring to and not what sounds the word contains or ends with.
Article
There are three articles in Dosari: definite (DEF), partitive (PART), and negative (NEG). When there is no article attached to a noun, it is assumed to be indefinite. Articles agree only in noun class and are all suffixes added after any declension a noun might undergo.
Definite
ending in a vowel | ending in a consonant | |
---|---|---|
NC1 | -n | -an |
NC2 | -m | -am |
NC3 | -g | -ag |
Partitive
ending in a consonant | ending in a front vowel | ending in a back vowel | |
---|---|---|---|
NC1 | -uni | -ʋuni | -juni |
NC2 | -umi | -ʋumi | -jumi |
NC3 | -ugi | -ʋugi | -jugi |
Negative
ending in a consonant cluster or fricative | ending in anything else | |
---|---|---|
NC1 | -sa | -s |
NC2 | -sa | -s |
NC3 | -sa | -s |
Number
There are three numbers in Dosari: singular (SG), dual (DL), and plural (PL).
Case
There are ten cases in Dosari: nominative (NOM), accusative (ACC), genitive (GEN), dative (DAT), locative (LOC), ablative (ABL), instrumental (INS), vocative (VOC), allative (ALL), and essive (ESS). Case is expressed through suffixes and decline according to number but not noun class.
Nominative
SG | -0 |
---|---|
DL | -al |
PL | -ir |
Accusative
SG | -ɔm |
---|---|
DL | -at |
PL | -ira |
Genitive
SG | -i |
---|---|
DL | -ilan |
PL | -as |
Dative
SG | -p |
---|---|
DL | -pal |
PL | -pir |
Locative
SG | -ɛs |
---|---|
DL | -ɛs |
PL | -ɛs |
Ablative
SG | -xar |
---|---|
DL | -xœt |
PL | -xɔs |
Instrumental
SG | -œθ |
---|---|
DL | -ɛq |
PL | -ama |
Vocative
SG | - |
---|---|
DL | -ala |
PL | -ira |
Allative
SG | -t |
---|---|
DL | -tal |
PL | -tir |
Essive
SG | -uχ |
---|---|
DL | -uχ |
PL | -uχ |
Pronouns
==== Possessive Pronouns
Verbs
Tense
There are five tenses in Dosari: present, past, recent past, future, and immediate future.
Present
SG | DL | PL | |
---|---|---|---|
1P | -ɛs | -alas | -ɛn |
2P | -id | -alad | -ix |
3P | -ast | -alast | -a |
Past
SG | DL | PL | |
---|---|---|---|
1P | -ɛk | -alak | -ɛna |
2P | -iθ | -alaθ | -ina |
3P | -aq | -alaq | -ana |
Recent Past
SG | DL | PL | |
---|---|---|---|
1P | -ɛki | -ali | -ɛnɛk |
2P | -iθi | -ali | -iniθ |
3P | -aqi | -ali | -anaq |
Future
SG | DL | PL | |
---|---|---|---|
1P | -ɛm | -alam | -ɛ |
2P | -iʃu | -alaʃ | -i |
3P | -ar | -alar | -a |
Immediate Future
SG | DL | PL | |
---|---|---|---|
1P | -ɛmœs | -alas | -ɛnœrɔx |
2P | -iθys | -alas | -inyrux |
4P | -aqas | -alas | -anarax |
Syntax
Sentence Order
The general sentence order of Dosari is SOV. Due to the amount of cases in Dosari, the word order is rather flexible. However, the verb must always occur at the end.