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Dosari: Difference between revisions

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|-
|-
!Plosive
!Plosive
| /p b/ || || /t d/ || || || || /k g/ || /q ɢ/ ''c g''
| /p/ /b/ || || /t/ /d/ || || || || /k/ /g/ || /q/ /ɢ/
|-
|-
!Affricate
!Affricate
Line 24: Line 24:
| || /ʋ/ || || || || /j/ || ||
| || /ʋ/ || || || || /j/ || ||
|-
|-
!Lateral Approximant
| || || /l/ || || || || ||
|}
|}
== Vowels ==
{| class="wikitable" border=1
! || Front || Central || Back
|-
!Close
| /i/ /y/ || || /u/
|-
!Open-mid
| /ɛ/ /œ/ || || /ɔ/
|-
!Open
| || /a/ ||
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" border=1
! || Front || Central || Back
|-
!Close
| /iː/ /yː/ || || /uː/
|-
!Open-mid
| /ɛːɪ/ /œːʏ/ || || /ɔːʊ/
|-
!Open
| || /aːʊ/ ||
|-
|}
== Stress ==
Stress always occurs on the first syllable.
== Phonotactics ==
= Morphophonology =
= Morphology =
== Nouns ==
=== Noun Class ===
There are three noun classes in Dosari: humans/animals (NC1), plants/insects (NC2), and inanimate objects/abstract ideas (NC3). These classes deal with what the word is referring to and not what sounds the word contains or ends with.
=== Article ===
There are three articles in Dosari: definite (DEF), partitive (PART), and negative (NEG). When there is no article attached to a noun, it is assumed to be indefinite. Articles agree only in noun class and are all suffixes added after any declension a noun might undergo.
==== Definite ====
{| class="wikitable" border=1
! || ending in a vowel || ending in a consonant
|-
!NC1
| -n || -an
|-
!NC2
| -m || -am
|-
!NC3
| -g || -ag
|-
|}
==== Partitive ====
{| class="wikitable" border=1
! || ending in a consonant || ending in a front vowel || ending in a back vowel
|-
!NC1
| -uni || -ʋuni || -juni
|-
!NC2
| -umi || -ʋumi || -jumi
|-
!NC3
| -ugi || -ʋugi || -jugi
|-
|}
==== Negative ====
{| class="wikitable" border=1
! || ending in a consonant cluster or fricative || ending in anything else
|-
!NC1
| -sa || -s
|-
!NC2
| -sa || -s
|-
!NC3
| -sa || -s
|-
|}
=== Number ===
There are three numbers in Dosari: singular (SG), dual (DL), and plural (PL).
=== Case ===
There are ten cases in Dosari: nominative (NOM), accusative (ACC), genitive (GEN), dative (DAT), locative (LOC), ablative (ABL), instrumental (INS), vocative (VOC), allative (ALL), and essive (ESS). Case is expressed through suffixes and decline according to number but not noun class.
==== Nominative ====
{| class="wikitable" border=1
!SG
| -0
|-
!DL
| -al
|-
!PL
| -ir
|-
|}
==== Accusative ====
{| class="wikitable" border=1
!SG
| -ɔm
|-
!DL
| -at
|-
!PL
| -ira
|-
|}
==== Genitive ====
{| class="wikitable" border=1
!SG
| -i
|-
!DL
| -ilan
|-
!PL
| -as
|-
|}
==== Dative ====
{| class="wikitable" border=1
!SG
| -p
|-
!DL
| -pal
|-
!PL
| -pir
|-
|}
==== Locative ====
{| class="wikitable" border=1
!SG
| -ɛs
|-
!DL
| -ɛs
|-
!PL
| -ɛs
|-
|}
==== Ablative ====
{| class="wikitable" border=1
!SG
| -xar
|-
!DL
| -xœt
|-
!PL
| -xɔs
|-
|}
==== Instrumental ====
{| class="wikitable" border=1
!SG
| -œθ
|-
!DL
| -ɛq
|-
!PL
| -ama
|-
|}
==== Vocative ====
{| class="wikitable" border=1
!SG
| -
|-
!DL
| -ala
|-
!PL
| -ira
|-
|}
==== Allative ====
{| class="wikitable" border=1
!SG
| -t
|-
!DL
| -tal
|-
!PL
| -tir
|-
|}
==== Essive ====
{| class="wikitable" border=1
!SG
| -uχ
|-
!DL
| -uχ
|-
!PL
| -uχ
|-
|}
=== Pronouns ===
==== Possessive Pronouns
== Verbs ==
=== Tense ===
There are five tenses in Dosari: present, past, recent past, future, and immediate future.
==== Present ====
{| class="wikitable" border=1
! || SG || DL || PL
|-
!1P
| -ɛs || -alas || -ɛn
|-
!2P
| -id || -alad || -ix
|-
!3P
| -ast || -alast || -a
|-
|}
==== Past ====
{| class="wikitable" border=1
! || SG || DL || PL
|-
!1P
| -ɛk || -alak || -ɛna
|-
!2P
| -iθ || -alaθ || -ina
|-
!3P
| -aq || -alaq || -ana
|-
|}
==== Recent Past ====
{| class="wikitable" border=1
! || SG || DL || PL
|-
!1P
| -ɛki || -ali || -ɛnɛk
|-
!2P
| -iθi || -ali || -iniθ
|-
!3P
| -aqi || -ali || -anaq
|-
|}
==== Future ====
{| class="wikitable" border=1
! || SG || DL || PL
|-
!1P
| -ɛm || -alam || -ɛ
|-
!2P
| -iʃu || -alaʃ || -i
|-
!3P
| -ar || -alar || -a
|-
|}
==== Immediate Future ====
{| class="wikitable" border=1
! || SG || DL || PL
|-
!1P
| -ɛmœs || -alas || -ɛnœrɔx
|-
!2P
| -iθys || -alas || -inyrux
|-
!4P
| -aqas || -alas || -anarax
|-
|}
= Syntax =
== Sentence Order ==
The general sentence order of Dosari is SOV. Due to the amount of cases in Dosari, the word order is rather flexible. However, the verb must always occur at the end.
== Relative Clauses ==
= Vocabulary =
= Example Texts =

Latest revision as of 17:39, 22 July 2014

Phonology

Consonants

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar Uvular
Plosive /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ /q/ /ɢ/
Affricate /ts/ /tʃ/
Nasal /m/ /n/
Trill /r/
Fricative /ɸ/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /x/ /χ/
Approximant /ʋ/ /j/
Lateral Approximant /l/

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close /i/ /y/ /u/
Open-mid /ɛ/ /œ/ /ɔ/
Open /a/
Front Central Back
Close /iː/ /yː/ /uː/
Open-mid /ɛːɪ/ /œːʏ/ /ɔːʊ/
Open /aːʊ/

Stress

Stress always occurs on the first syllable.

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Nouns

Noun Class

There are three noun classes in Dosari: humans/animals (NC1), plants/insects (NC2), and inanimate objects/abstract ideas (NC3). These classes deal with what the word is referring to and not what sounds the word contains or ends with.

Article

There are three articles in Dosari: definite (DEF), partitive (PART), and negative (NEG). When there is no article attached to a noun, it is assumed to be indefinite. Articles agree only in noun class and are all suffixes added after any declension a noun might undergo.

Definite

ending in a vowel ending in a consonant
NC1 -n -an
NC2 -m -am
NC3 -g -ag

Partitive

ending in a consonant ending in a front vowel ending in a back vowel
NC1 -uni -ʋuni -juni
NC2 -umi -ʋumi -jumi
NC3 -ugi -ʋugi -jugi

Negative

ending in a consonant cluster or fricative ending in anything else
NC1 -sa -s
NC2 -sa -s
NC3 -sa -s

Number

There are three numbers in Dosari: singular (SG), dual (DL), and plural (PL).

Case

There are ten cases in Dosari: nominative (NOM), accusative (ACC), genitive (GEN), dative (DAT), locative (LOC), ablative (ABL), instrumental (INS), vocative (VOC), allative (ALL), and essive (ESS). Case is expressed through suffixes and decline according to number but not noun class.

Nominative

SG -0
DL -al
PL -ir

Accusative

SG -ɔm
DL -at
PL -ira

Genitive

SG -i
DL -ilan
PL -as

Dative

SG -p
DL -pal
PL -pir

Locative

SG -ɛs
DL -ɛs
PL -ɛs

Ablative

SG -xar
DL -xœt
PL -xɔs

Instrumental

SG -œθ
DL -ɛq
PL -ama

Vocative

SG -
DL -ala
PL -ira

Allative

SG -t
DL -tal
PL -tir

Essive

SG -uχ
DL -uχ
PL -uχ

Pronouns

==== Possessive Pronouns

Verbs

Tense

There are five tenses in Dosari: present, past, recent past, future, and immediate future.

Present

SG DL PL
1P -ɛs -alas -ɛn
2P -id -alad -ix
3P -ast -alast -a

Past

SG DL PL
1P -ɛk -alak -ɛna
2P -iθ -alaθ -ina
3P -aq -alaq -ana

Recent Past

SG DL PL
1P -ɛki -ali -ɛnɛk
2P -iθi -ali -iniθ
3P -aqi -ali -anaq

Future

SG DL PL
1P -ɛm -alam -ɛ
2P -iʃu -alaʃ -i
3P -ar -alar -a

Immediate Future

SG DL PL
1P -ɛmœs -alas -ɛnœrɔx
2P -iθys -alas -inyrux
4P -aqas -alas -anarax

Syntax

Sentence Order

The general sentence order of Dosari is SOV. Due to the amount of cases in Dosari, the word order is rather flexible. However, the verb must always occur at the end.

Relative Clauses

Vocabulary

Example Texts

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