Mordvinic/Multipersonal: Difference between revisions

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|-
|-
! 1PS
! 1PS
| colspan="2" rowspan="2"| N/A
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"| N/A
| -samak<br/>-imik || -samiź<br/>-imiź
| -sa·mak<br/>-i·mik || -sa·miź<br/>-i·miź
| -samam<br/>-imim || -samiź<br/>-imiź
| -sa·mam<br/>-i·mim || -sa·miź<br/>-i·miź
|-
|-
! 1PP
! 1PP
| colspan="2"| -samiź<br/>-miź
| colspan="2"| -sa·miź<br/>-∅·miź
| colspan="2"| -samiź<br/>-maź
| colspan="2"| -sa·miź<br/>-∅·maź
|-
|-
! 2PS
! 2PS
| -tan<br/>-iťiń || rowspan="2"| -tadiź<br/>-iďiź
| -ta·n<br/>-i·ťiń || style="border-bottom:0;"|
|colspan="2" rowspan="2"| N/A
|colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"| N/A
|colspan="2"| -tanzat<br/>-ińźiť
|colspan="2"| -ta·nzat<br/>-i·ńźiť
|-
|-
! 2PP
! 2PP
| -tadiź<br/>-iďiź
| style="border-right:0;"| || style="border-left:0;border-top:0"| -ta·diź<br/>-i·ďiź
|colspan="2"| -tadiź<br/>-iďiź
|colspan="2"| -ta·diź<br/>-i·ďiź
|-
|-
! 3PS
! 3PS
| -sa<br/>-ija || rowspan="2"| -sińek<br/>-ińek
| -sa·∅<br/>-i·ja || rowspan="2"| -s·ińek<br/>-∅·ińek
| -sak<br/>-ik || rowspan="2"| -sink<br/>-ink
| -sa·k<br/>-i·k || rowspan="2"| -s·ink<br/>-∅·ink
| -si/-sazo<br/>-iźe || rowspan="2"| -siź<br/>-iź
| -si/-sazo<br/>-iźe || rowspan="2"| -s·iź<br/>-∅·iź
|-
|-
! 3PP
! 3PP
| -siń<br/>-iń || -siť<br/>-iť || -sinze<br/>-inze
| -s·iń<br/>-∅·iń || -s·iť<br/>-∅·iť || -s·inze<br/>-∅·inze
|}
|}


==Mokša==
===Single-person markers===
For comparison. //O// = /e/ ~ /o/, per vowel harmony; //T N// = /t n/ ~ /ť ń/, per palatal harmony.
{| class="wikitable"
! !! 1PS !! 1PP !! 2PS !! 2PP !! 3PS !! 3PP
|-
! Verbal suffix
| -an<br/>-iń|| -Tano<br/>-ińek || -at<br/>-iť || -Tado<br/>-iďe || -i<br/>-ś || -iť<br/>-śť
|-
! Nominal predication
| -an<br/>-Oĺ·iń || -Tano<br/>-Oĺ·ińek || -at<br/>-Oĺ·iť || -Tado<br/>-Oĺ·iďe || -∅<br/>-Oĺ·∅ || -∅<br/>-Oĺ·ť
|-
! Possessive suffix
| '''sg.''' -m<br/>'''pl.''' -n || -NOk || '''sg.''' -t<br/>'''pl.''' -nt || -ŋk || '''sg.''' -zO<br/>'''pl.''' -nzO || -st
|-
! Pronoun (nominative)
| mon || miń || ton || tiń || son || siń
|}
The 2PSg plural possessive suffix is not used in standard Erzya, only dialectally.
 
==Moksha==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
Line 47: Line 66:
|-
|-
! 1PS
! 1PS
| colspan="2" rowspan="2"| N/A
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"| N/A
| -samak<br/>-majť || rowspan="2"| -samaśť<br/>-maśť
| -samak<br/>-majť || style="border-bottom:0;"|
| -samań<br/>-mań || -samaź<br/>-maź
| -sa·mań<br/>-∅·mań || -sa·maź<br/>-∅·maź
|-
|-
! 1PP
! 1PP
| -samaśť<br/>-maśť
| style="border-right:0;"| || style="border-left:0;border-top:0"| -sa·maśť<br/>-∅·maśť
| -samaź<br/>-? || -samaź<br/>-?
| -samaź<br/>-? || -samaź<br/>-?
|-
|-
! 2PS
! 2PS
| -ťä<br/>-çťəń || -ťäďäź<br/>-ďäź
| -ťä<br/>-çťəń || style="border-bottom:0;"|
| colspan="2" rowspan="2"| N/A
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"| N/A
| colspan="2"| -tanza(t)<br/>-nźä
| colspan="2"| -ta·nza(t)<br/>-∅·nźä
|-
|-
! 2PP
! 2PP
| colspan="2"| -ťäďäź<br/>-ďäź
| style="border-right:0;"| || style="border-left:0;border-top:0"| -ťä·ďäź<br/>-∅·ďäź
| colspan="2"| -ťäďäź<br/>-ďäź
| colspan="2"| -ťä·ďäź<br/>-∅·ďäź
|-
|-
! 3PS
! 3PS
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| -sińä<br/>-zəń
| -sińä<br/>-zəń
|}
|}
==Reconstructions==
It is uncertain when this paradigm formed; but most scholars consider it a Mordvinic innovation. While it is theoretically possible that it is of Proto-Uralic vintage, and [[Seefloth's Paradigm]] constitutes a version of it which has lost the category of object person, the absence of any trace of that category in the definite conjugations of other Uralic languages renders this unlikely.
===Klemm's reconstruction===
Antal Klemm reconstructed the Proto-Mordvinic paradigm as follows in 1926:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Subject →<br/>Object ↓
! 1PS !! 1PP
! 2PS !! 2PP
! 3PS !! 3PP
|-
! 1PS
| colspan="2" rowspan="2"| N/A
| -sV-mV-t<br/>-j-mV-t || ?
| -sV-mV(-z.)<br/>-j-mV-(j)-m || -sV-mV-z.<br/>-j-mV-z.
|-
! 1PP
| ? || ?
| ? || -sV-mV-j-z.<br/>-j-mC-j-z.
|-
! 2PS
| -tV-n<br/>-j-tV-n || ?<br/>?
| colspan="2" rowspan="2"| N/A
| -tV-z.<br/>-j-nz.(k) || -tV-z.<br/>-j-tV-z.
|-
! 2PP
| ?<br/>? || ?<br/>?
| ?<br/>? || -tV-j-z.<br/>-j-tV-j-z.
|-
! 3PS
| -sV-m<br/>-j(V)-m || -sV-j-n-m.k<br/>-j-n-m.k
| -sV-t<br/>-j-t || -sV-j-n-d.k<br/>-j-n-d.k
| -sV-z. ~ -sV-j<br/>-j-z. || -sV-z.<br/>-j-z.
|-
! 3PP
| -sV-j-n<br/>-j(V)-n || -sV-j-n-m.k<br/>-j-n-m.k
| -sV-j-t<br/>-j-t || -sV-j-n-d.k<br/>-j-n-d.k
| -sV-j-nz.<br/>-j-nz. || -sV-j-z.<br/>-j-z.
|}
(Keresztes 1999:56)
===Keresztes's reconstruction===
Laszlo Keresztes assumes that the Mordvinic multipersonal paradigm was built up from a much simpler paradigm in stages,  At the beginning of the differentiation of indefinite and definite forms was a simple paradigm:
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Subject
! Indefinite
! Definite<br/>(3rd person object)
|-
! 1SG
| -m<br/>-j-m
| &nbsp;
|-
! 2SG
| -t<br/>-j-t
| &nbsp;
|-
! 3SG
| -0 ~ -j<br/>-j ~ -ś
| -zV<br/>-j-źV(-n)
|-
! PL
| -j-t<br/>-ś-t
| -ź<br/>-ź
|-
|}
The imperative forms were indefinite ''-k'' and definite 1st person ''-ma-k'' (Keresztes 1999:108).


==Sources==
==Sources==


* László Keresztes (1999): [http://www.sgr.fi/sust/sust233.html Development of Mordvin Definite Conjugation] (Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne #233)
* László Keresztes (1999): ''[http://www.sgr.fi/sust/sust233.html Development of Mordvin Definite Conjugation]''. Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne 233.
* Jack Rueter (2010): ''[http://www.sgr.fi/sust/sust261/sust261.html, Adnominal Person in the Morphological System of Erzya]''. PhD thesis. Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne 261.

Latest revision as of 09:46, 12 July 2014

The Mordvinic languages sport a system of multipersonal verbal agreement, operating separate from the common Uralic subject agreement conjugation.

Of the two forms listed per slot, the upper is the present, the lower the preterite.

Erzya

Subject →
Object ↓ 		1PS 1PP 2PS 2PP 3PS 3PP
1PS N/A -sa·mak
-i·mik		 -sa·miź
-i·miź 		-sa·mam
-i·mim		 -sa·miź
-i·miź
1PP -sa·miź
-∅·miź 		-sa·miź
-∅·maź
2PS -ta·n
-i·ťiń		 N/A -ta·nzat
-i·ńźiť
2PP -ta·diź
-i·ďiź 		-ta·diź
-i·ďiź
3PS -sa·∅
-i·ja		 -s·ińek
-∅·ińek 		-sa·k
-i·k		 -s·ink
-∅·ink 		-si/-sazo
-iźe		 -s·iź
-∅·iź
3PP -s·iń
-∅·iń		 -s·iť
-∅·iť		 -s·inze
-∅·inze

Single-person markers

For comparison. //O// = /e/ ~ /o/, per vowel harmony; //T N// = /t n/ ~ /ť ń/, per palatal harmony.

1PS 1PP 2PS 2PP 3PS 3PP
Verbal suffix -an
-iń		 -Tano
-ińek		 -at
-iť		 -Tado
-iďe		 -i
-ś		 -iť
-śť
Nominal predication -an
-Oĺ·iń		 -Tano
-Oĺ·ińek		 -at
-Oĺ·iť		 -Tado
-Oĺ·iďe		 -∅
-Oĺ·∅		 -∅
-Oĺ·ť
Possessive suffix sg. -m
pl. -n		 -NOk sg. -t
pl. -nt		 -ŋk sg. -zO
pl. -nzO		 -st
Pronoun (nominative) mon miń ton tiń son siń

The 2PSg plural possessive suffix is not used in standard Erzya, only dialectally.

Moksha

Subject →
Object ↓ 		1PS 1PP 2PS 2PP 3PS 3PP
1PS N/A -samak
-majť		 -sa·mań
-∅·mań		 -sa·maź
-∅·maź
1PP -sa·maśť
-∅·maśť 		-samaź
-?		 -samaź
-?
2PS -ťä
-çťəń		 N/A -ta·nza(t)
-∅·nźä
2PP -ťä·ďäź
-∅·ďäź 		-ťä·ďäź
-∅·ďäź
3PS -sa(n)
-jńä, -jä		 -saśk
-śk, -ńək 		-sak
-jť, -jk		 -saśť, -sajəńť, -sańk
-śť, -jəńť, -ńk 		-si
-źä		 -saź
-ź
3PP -sajńä
-zəń 		-sajť
-zəń 		-sińä
-zəń

Sources

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