Suomitsuzuri: Difference between revisions
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The above table displays all the kana that are used in native Finnish words. (The vowel-less d, j, ng and v do not actually appear in Finnish, | The above table displays all the kana that are used in native Finnish words. (The vowel-less d, j, ng and v do not actually appear in Finnish words, but are displayed anyway for ease of reference.)<br><br> | ||
The word syllabic might be a misleading name, because these characters do not always represent a full syllable. For example the word kun (when) is monosyllabic, but is written くん; with two characters. The vowel-less consonant characters are often used for | The word syllabic might be a misleading name, because these characters do not always represent a full syllable. For example the word ''kun'' (when) is monosyllabic, but is written くん; with two characters. The vowel-less consonant characters are often used for coda consonants (consonants at the end of a syllable). But they can also be used in consonant clusters in foreign words. For example stratosfääri (stratosphear) is written <ruby><rb>ス</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>ラト<ruby><rb>ス</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>ファェーリ゛ where the consonants s and t are represented by vowel-less consonants.<br><br> | ||
The vowel-less n is used instead of <ruby><rb>む</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>/<ruby><rb>ム</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> before the consonants b, m and p. Examples: ロンビ | The vowel-less n is used instead of <ruby><rb>む</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>/<ruby><rb>ム</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> before the consonants b, m and p. Examples: ロンビ ''rombi'' (rhomb), たんみ ''tammi'' (oak), るんぷ ''rumpu'' (drum). | ||
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The consonant lengthener (or ''sokuon'') lengthens or geminates the following consonant. So for example ら゛こ reads out as rako (gap) while ら゛っこ is rakko (bladder). The sokuon is not used to lengthen m (see above paragraph) or n however. Instead ん/ン is used before a syllabic beginning with m or n. So kannu (jug) is written かんぬ.<br><br> | The consonant lengthener (or ''sokuon'') lengthens or geminates the following consonant. So for example ら゛こ reads out as ''rako'' (gap) while ら゛っこ is ''rakko'' (bladder). The sokuon is not used to lengthen m (see above paragraph) or n however. Instead ん/ン is used before a syllabic beginning with m or n. So ''kannu'' (jug) is written かんぬ.<br><br> | ||
The vowel lengthener (or ''chōonpu'') lengthens the previous vowel. So example つ～り reads out as tuuli (wind). | The vowel lengthener (or ''chōonpu'') lengthens the previous vowel. So for example つ～り reads out as ''tuuli'' (wind). | ||
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Dz is used for {{IPA|/dz/}}, dž or j for {{IPA|/dʒ/}} or {{IPA|/dʑ/}}, ts for {{IPA|/ts/}}, tš or ch for {{IPA|/tʃ/}} or {{IPA|/tɕ/}} and ž for {{IPA|/ʒ/}}. Other foreign sounds are transcribed with characters whose sounds are the closest to that sound, for example {{IPA|/β/}} is transcribed with v, {{IPA|/ð/}} with z, {{IPA|/ʂ/}} with š, and so on. {{IPA|/ʔ/}} is transcribed with the sokuon. | Dz is used for {{IPA|/dz/}}, dž or j for {{IPA|/dʒ/}} or {{IPA|/dʑ/}}, ts for {{IPA|/ts/}}, tš or ch for {{IPA|/tʃ/}} or {{IPA|/tɕ/}} and ž for {{IPA|/ʒ/}}. Other foreign sounds are transcribed with characters whose sounds are the closest to that sound, for example {{IPA|/β/}} is transcribed with v, {{IPA|/ð/}} with z, {{IPA|/ʂ/}} with š, and so on. {{IPA|/ʔ/}} is transcribed with the sokuon. | ||
== Design principles == | === Design principles === | ||
The small e (ぇ or ェ) is used for deriving the front vowels y, ä, ö from the back vowels u, a, o. This mimics the fashion in some languages where ä might be replaced by ae and ö by oe in situations where accented letters can't be entered or displayed for some reason.<br><br> | The small e (ぇ or ェ) is used for deriving the front vowels y, ä, ö from the back vowels u, a, o. This mimics the fashion in some languages where ä might be replaced by ae and ö by oe in situations where accented letters can't be entered or displayed for some reason.<br><br> | ||
Just like in Japanese transcription of foreign words, a consonant without a following vowel is transcribed with an u ending syllabic in most cases. But since it is more important in Finnish to distinguish them from actual consonants with a following vowel, they are marked with a bullet above in horizontal writing in Suomitsuzuri. In vertical writing the bullet goes to the right of the character. On computers, horizontal writing is mostly used, because it is difficult to display the bullet correctly in vertical writing. For horizontal writing, the HTML code is <nowiki><ruby><rb>x</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></nowiki>, where x stands for the character that is supposed to be bulleted.<br><br> | Just like in Japanese transcription of foreign words, a consonant without a following vowel is transcribed with an u ending syllabic in most cases. But since it is more important in Finnish to distinguish them from actual consonants with a following vowel, they are marked with a bullet above in horizontal writing in Suomitsuzuri. In vertical writing the bullet goes to the right of the character. On computers, horizontal writing is mostly used, because it is difficult to display the bullet correctly in vertical writing. For horizontal writing, the HTML code is <nowiki><ruby><rb>x</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></nowiki>, where x stands for the character that is supposed to be bulleted.<br><br> | ||
Those vowel-less characters that are not represented by consonant + u are d, h, j, m (in some cases, see [[Suomitsuzuri#Kana tables|above]]), n, t, dž, š, tš, w and ž. | Those vowel-less characters that are not represented by consonant + u are d, h, j, m (in some cases, see [[Suomitsuzuri#Kana tables|above]]), n, t, dž, š, tš, w and ž. | ||
== Kanji == | |||
Kanji characters are used the same way as Japanese uses them for writing native words. In Suomitsuzuri they usually have one Finnish reading, ''fun'yomi'' (芬読み), though a few characters have more than one, and some even have a Japanese ''kun'yomi'' or ''on'yomi'' reading. The finnish reading contains the part of a word stem that does not change in any inflected or derived form of the word. There are a few kanji that alone can be used for writing a whole word, but most require ''okurigana'', inflection specifying hiragana, to make a complete word.<br> | |||
<br> | |||
A character's fun'yomi may contain a syllable that is not allowed by Finnish phonological constraints. The fun'yomi for 買 for example is ''ost-'', which contains a disallowed cluster. The okurigana completes these words, though it may visually appear as if there is a syllable break between the kanji's reading and the okurigana. ''Ostaa'' (to buy) is for example written 買あ～. Because hiragana is syllabary, it may seem as if the word reads as *{{IPA|[ˈost.ɑː]}}, but this is not the case. The correct pronunciation is {{IPA|[ˈos.tɑː]}}. An okurigana may consist of just a single consonant, such as in 車<ruby><rb>と</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></nowiki>, ''autot'' (cars); or even a chōonpu, such as in 国～, ''maa'' (country). | |||
=== Kyōiku kanji === | |||
:''Main article: [[Suomitsuzuri kyōiku kanji]]'' | |||
Kyōiku kanji is a list of 1,006 kanji that Japanese children learn in elementary school. The same list is also used in Finno-Japanese education. | |||
=== Jōyō kanji === | |||
:''Main article: [[Suomitsuzuri jōyō kanji]]'' | |||
Jōyō kanji includes the kyōiku kanji, and an additional 1,130 kanji, for a total of 2,136. The additional characters are taught at junior high and high school. | |||
Revision as of 12:29, 19 June 2014
| Suomitsuzuri スオミつずり | |
| Spoken in: | Japan (ヤパニ) |
| Conworld: | Alt-history Earth |
| Total speakers: | |
| Genealogical classification: | (Family)
|
| Basic word order: | |
| Morphological type: | |
| Morphosyntactic alignment: | |
| Writing system: | |
| Created by: | |
| Qwynegold | 2011 |
Suomitsuzuri is a made up Japanese orthography for Finnish.
Kana tables
| Finnish syllabics | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. |
| あ | ア | え | エ | い | イ | お | オ | う | ウ | うぇ | ウェ | あぇ | アェ | おぇ | オェ | ||
| a | e | i | o | u | y | ä | ö | ||||||||||
| だ | ダ | で | デ | ぢ | ヂ | ど | ド | づ | ヅ | づぇ | ヅェ | だぇ | ダェ | どぇ | ドェ | ||
| da | de | di | do | du | dy | dä | dö | d | |||||||||
| は | ハ | へ | ヘ | ひ | ヒ | ほ | ホ | ふ | フ | ふぇ | フェ | はぇ | ハェ | ほぇ | ホェ | ||
| ha | he | hi | ho | hu | hy | hä | hö | h | |||||||||
| や | ヤ | いぇ | イェ | いぃ | イィ | よ | ヨ | ゆ | ユ | ゆぇ | ユェ | やぇ | ヤェ | よぇ | ヨェ | い | イ |
| ja | je | ji | jo | ju | jy | jä | jö | j | |||||||||
| か | カ | け | ケ | き | キ | こ | コ | く | ク | くぇ | クェ | かぇ | カェ | こぇ | コェ | ||
| ka | ke | ki | ko | ku | ky | kä | kö | k | |||||||||
| ら | ラ | れ | レ | り | リ | ろ | ロ | る | ル | るぇ | ルェ | らぇ | ラェ | ろぇ | ロェ | ||
| la | le | li | lo | lu | ly | lä | lö | l | |||||||||
| ま | マ | め | メ | み | ミ | も | モ | む | ム | むぇ | ムェ | まぇ | マェ | もぇ | モェ | ||
| ma | me | mi | mo | mu | my | mä | mö | m | |||||||||
| な | ナ | ね | ネ | に | ニ | の | ノ | ぬ | ヌ | ぬぇ | ヌェ | なぇ | ナェ | のぇ | ノェ | ん | ン |
| na | ne | ni | no | nu | ny | nä | nö | n | |||||||||
| んが | ンガ | んげ | ンゲ | んぎ | ンギ | んご | ンゴ | んぐ | ング | んぐぇ | ングェ | んがぇ | ンガェ | んごぇ | ンゴェ | ん |
ン |
| nga | nge | ngi | ngo | ngu | ngy | ngä | ngö | ng | |||||||||
| ぱ | パ | ぺ | ペ | ぴ | ピ | ぽ | ポ | ぷ | プ | ぷぇ | プェ | ぱぇ | パェ | ぽぇ | ポェ | ||
| pa | pe | pi | po | pu | py | pä | pö | p | |||||||||
| ら゛ | ラ゛ | れ゛ | レ゛ | り゛ | リ゛ | ろ゛ | ロ゛ | る゛ | ル゛ | る゛ぇ | ル゛ェ | ら゛ぇ | ラ゛ェ | ろ゛ぇ | ロ゛ェ | ||
| ra | re | ri | ro | ru | ry | rä | rö | r | |||||||||
| さ | サ | せ | セ | し | シ | そ | ソ | す | ス | すぇ | スェ | さぇ | サェ | そぇ | ソェ | ||
| sa | se | si | so | su | sy | sä | sö | s | |||||||||
| た | タ | て | テ | ち | チ | と | ト | つ | ツ | つぇ | ツェ | たぇ | タェ | とぇ | トェ | ||
| ta | te | ti | to | tu | ty | tä | tö | t | |||||||||
| ば | バ | べ | ベ | び | ビ | ぼ | ボ | ぶ | ブ | ぶぇ | ブェ | ばぇ | バェ | ぼぇ | ボェ | ||
| va | ve | vi | vo | vu | vy | vä | vö | v | |||||||||
The above table displays all the kana that are used in native Finnish words. (The vowel-less d, j, ng and v do not actually appear in Finnish words, but are displayed anyway for ease of reference.)
The word syllabic might be a misleading name, because these characters do not always represent a full syllable. For example the word kun (when) is monosyllabic, but is written くん; with two characters. The vowel-less consonant characters are often used for coda consonants (consonants at the end of a syllable). But they can also be used in consonant clusters in foreign words. For example stratosfääri (stratosphear) is written
The vowel-less n is used instead of
| Additional phonetic marks | |
|---|---|
| H. | K. |
| っ | ッ |
| Consonant lengthener | |
| ー | ～ |
| Vowel lengthener | |
The consonant lengthener (or sokuon) lengthens or geminates the following consonant. So for example ら゛こ reads out as rako (gap) while ら゛っこ is rakko (bladder). The sokuon is not used to lengthen m (see above paragraph) or n however. Instead ん/ン is used before a syllabic beginning with m or n. So kannu (jug) is written かんぬ.
The vowel lengthener (or chōonpu) lengthens the previous vowel. So for example つ～り reads out as tuuli (wind).
| Non-Finnish syllabics | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. |
| ば | バ | べ | ベ | び | ビ | ぼ | ボ | ぶ | ブ | ぶぇ | ブェ | ばぇ | バェ | ぼぇ | ボェ | ||
| ba | be | bi | bo | bu | by | bä | bö | b | |||||||||
| づぁ | ヅァ | づぇ | ヅェ | づぃ | ヅィ | づぉ | ヅォ | づ | ヅ | づぅぇ | ヅゥェ | づぁぇ | ヅァェ | づぉぇ | ヅォェ | ||
| dza | dze | dzi | dzo | dzu | dzy | dzä | dzö | dz | |||||||||
| ぢゃ | ヂャ | ぢぇ | ヂェ | ぢ | ヂ | ぢょ | ヂョ | ぢゅ | ヂュ | ぢゅぇ | ヂュェ | ぢゃぇ | ヂャェ | ぢょぇ | ヂョェ | ||
| dža/ja | dže/je | dži/ji | džo/jo | džu/ju | džy/jy | džä/jä | džö/jö | dž/j | |||||||||
| ふぁ | ファ | ふぇ | フェ | ふぃ | フィ | ふぉ | フォ | ふ | フ | ふぅぇ | フゥェ | ふぁぇ | ファェ | ふぉぇ | フォェ | ||
| fa | fe | fi | fo | fu | fy | fä | fö | f | |||||||||
| が | ガ | げ | ゲ | ぎ | ギ | ご | ゴ | ぐ | グ | ぐぇ | グェ | がぇ | ガェ | ごぇ | ゴェ | ||
| ga | ge | gi | go | gu | gy | gä | gö | g | |||||||||
| しゃ | シャ | しぇ | シェ | し | シ | しょ | ショ | しゅ | シュ | しゅぇ | シュェ | しゃぇ | シャェ | しょぇ | ショェ | ||
| ša/sha | še/she | ši/shi | šo/sho | šu/shu | šy/shy | šä/shä | šö/shö | š/sh | |||||||||
| つぁ | ツァ | つぇ | ツェ | つぃ | ツィ | つぉ | ツォ | つ | ツ | つぅぇ | ツゥェ | つぁぇ | ツァェ | つぉぇ | ツォェ | ||
| tsa | tse | tsi | tso | tsu | tsy | tsä | tsö | ts | |||||||||
| ちゃ | チャ | ちぇ | チェ | ち | チ | ちょ | チョ | ちゅ | チュ | ちゅぇ | チュェ | ちゃぇ | チャェ | ちょぇ | チョェ | ||
| tša/cha | tše/che | tši/chi | tšo/cho | tšu/chu | tšy/chy | tšä/chä | tšö/chö | tš/ch | |||||||||
| うぁ | ウァ | うぇ | ウェ | うぃ | ウィ | うぉ | ウォ | うぅ | ウゥ | うぅぇ | ウゥェ | うぁぇ | ウァェ | うぉぇ | ウォェ | う | ウ |
| wa | we | wi | wo | wu | wy | wä | wö | w | |||||||||
| ざ | ザ | ぜ | ゼ | じ | ジ | ぞ | ゾ | ず | ズ | ずぇ | ズェ | ざぇ | ザェ | ぞぇ | ゾェ | ||
| za | ze | zi | zo | zu | zy | zä | zö | z | |||||||||
| じゃ | ジャ | じぇ | ジェ | じ | ジ | じょ | ジョ | じゅ | ジュ | じゅぇ | ジュェ | じゃぇ | ジャェ | じょぇ | ジョェ | ||
| ža | že | ži | žo | žu | žy | žä | žö | ž | |||||||||
Dz is used for /dz/, dž or j for /dʒ/ or /dʑ/, ts for /ts/, tš or ch for /tʃ/ or /tɕ/ and ž for /ʒ/. Other foreign sounds are transcribed with characters whose sounds are the closest to that sound, for example /β/ is transcribed with v, /ð/ with z, /ʂ/ with š, and so on. /ʔ/ is transcribed with the sokuon.
Design principles
The small e (ぇ or ェ) is used for deriving the front vowels y, ä, ö from the back vowels u, a, o. This mimics the fashion in some languages where ä might be replaced by ae and ö by oe in situations where accented letters can't be entered or displayed for some reason.
Just like in Japanese transcription of foreign words, a consonant without a following vowel is transcribed with an u ending syllabic in most cases. But since it is more important in Finnish to distinguish them from actual consonants with a following vowel, they are marked with a bullet above in horizontal writing in Suomitsuzuri. In vertical writing the bullet goes to the right of the character. On computers, horizontal writing is mostly used, because it is difficult to display the bullet correctly in vertical writing. For horizontal writing, the HTML code is <ruby><rb>x</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>, where x stands for the character that is supposed to be bulleted.
Those vowel-less characters that are not represented by consonant + u are d, h, j, m (in some cases, see above), n, t, dž, š, tš, w and ž.
Kanji
Kanji characters are used the same way as Japanese uses them for writing native words. In Suomitsuzuri they usually have one Finnish reading, fun'yomi (芬読み), though a few characters have more than one, and some even have a Japanese kun'yomi or on'yomi reading. The finnish reading contains the part of a word stem that does not change in any inflected or derived form of the word. There are a few kanji that alone can be used for writing a whole word, but most require okurigana, inflection specifying hiragana, to make a complete word.
A character's fun'yomi may contain a syllable that is not allowed by Finnish phonological constraints. The fun'yomi for 買 for example is ost-, which contains a disallowed cluster. The okurigana completes these words, though it may visually appear as if there is a syllable break between the kanji's reading and the okurigana. Ostaa (to buy) is for example written 買あ～. Because hiragana is syllabary, it may seem as if the word reads as *[ˈost.ɑː], but this is not the case. The correct pronunciation is [ˈos.tɑː]. An okurigana may consist of just a single consonant, such as in 車
Kyōiku kanji
- Main article: Suomitsuzuri kyōiku kanji
Kyōiku kanji is a list of 1,006 kanji that Japanese children learn in elementary school. The same list is also used in Finno-Japanese education.
Jōyō kanji
- Main article: Suomitsuzuri jōyō kanji
Jōyō kanji includes the kyōiku kanji, and an additional 1,130 kanji, for a total of 2,136. The additional characters are taught at junior high and high school.
