Historical phonology of Slevan: Difference between revisions

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| f || || v || {{small|FĪLĬŬ}} > *viľŭ > vílj<br> {{small|ŎFFĬCĬŬ}} > *ovvekjŭ > ovécz
| f || || v || {{small|FĪLĬŬ}} > *viľŭ > vílj<br> {{small|ŎFFĬCĬŬ}} > *ovvekjŭ > ovécz
|-
|-
| k || before front vowels ||rowspan=2| č || {{small|CĔNTŬ}} > *čěntŭ > czút<br> {{small|DŬCĔ}} > *dōčĭ > dúcz
| k || before ĭ, i, ě ||rowspan=2| č || {{small|CĔNTŬ}} > *čěntŭ > czút<br> {{small|DŬCĔ}} > *dōčĭ > dúcz
|-
|-
| kj || || {{small|ŎFFĬCĬŬ}} > *ovvečŭ > ovécz
| kj || || {{small|ŎFFĬCĬŬ}} > *ovvečŭ > ovécz
|-
|-
| g || before front vowels at the beginning of a word or after a gonsonant || ž || {{small|GĔNTĔ}} > *žěntĭ > zsútj
| g || before ĭ, i, ě at the beginning of a word or after a gonsonant || ž || {{small|GĔNTĔ}} > *žěntĭ > zsútj
|-
|-
| g || between a vowel and an i-vowel ||rowspan=2| j || {{small|RĔGĬT}} > *rějĭt > reje<br> {{small|LĒGE}} > *lejĭ > lej
| g || between a vowel and ĭ, i ||rowspan=2| j || {{small|RĔGĬT}} > *rějĭt > reje<br> {{small|LĒGE}} > *lejĭ > lej
|-
| gj || between vowels || {{small|ĔXĂGĬŬM}} > *ěχajŭ > jachaj
|-
| x || before ĭ, i, ě ||rowspan=2| š ||
|-
| xj || || {{small|NŎXĬŬ}} > *nŭošŭ > nósz
|-
| sk, kk || before ĭ, i, ě ||rowspan=2| šč || {{small|PĬSCĔ}} > *peščĭ > pészt<br> {{small|ŎCCĪDĔRĔ}} > *oščiděrĭ > osztidír
|-
| skj, kkj || || {{small|ASCĬŎLA}} > *oščŭla > ósztla<br> {{small|BRĀCCHĬŬ}} > *broščŭ > brószt
|}
|}

Revision as of 06:20, 15 March 2006

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Vulgar Latin sound changes

Latin to Vulgar Latin (Pre-Romance) ? -150 C.E.


Latin Condition Result Example(s)
m word-finally disappears CAELUM > *kaelu > czál
y̆, ȳ everywhere ĭ, ī CYGNU > *kignu > czenj
ae word-finally ǣ ROSAE > *rosǣ > roze
elsewhere ĕ [ɛ] CAELU > *kelu > czál
oe ē FOEDU > *fēdu > véd
au ō CAUSA > *kōsa > kuza
eu jū
ui ū
ĭ,ĕ before another vowel j SPATIU > *spatju > spóc
LĪNEA > līnja > linja
ŭ before another vowel w VIDUA > *vidwa > vedva
h disappears HODIĒ > odjē > voj
COLAPHU > *kolapu > klóp
CATHEDRA > *katedra > kotjedra
MĀCHINA > *mākina > máczna
ns s ĪNSULA > *īsula > ízla
nct, mpt nt SANCTU > *sàntu-ju > sútý

PRŌMPTUM > *prōntu > prútý

nj, cn, gn, mnj ň [ɲ] LĪNEA > *līňa > linja
CYGNU > *kiňu > czenj
SOMNIU > *soňu > sonj
mn nn DAMNU > *dannu > dón
mĭn between vowels mn DOMINU > *domnu > dún
lj ľ [ʎ] FĪLĬU > *fīľu > vílj
per- word initially par- PERAMBULĀRE > *parambulāre > porúblár
PERDERE > *pàrdere > pradír
PERSŌNA > *parsōna > prasuna
b between vowels v [β] LĂBŌRĀRE > *lavōrare > lóvrár
s between vowels z ĪNSULA > *īzula > ízla
CAUSA > *kōza > kuza
sp, st, sc [sk] word initial ĭsp, ĭst, ĭsk SPŌNSA > *ispōza > spuza
STUDIU > *istudju > stuj
SCHOLA > *iskola > skola
  • It is possible that the Greek y sound was adopted as i by Vulgar Latin from the beginning.
  • Note that h was lost everywhere, also in the Greek aspirates ph, th, ch. It is especially noteworthy that ph became p, not f in the kind of Vulgar Latin that led to Slevan.

Northeast Romance sound changes

Vulgar Latin to Early Northeast Romance 150 - 600 C.E.


V.L. Condition Result Example(s)
ă, ā open stressed, or unstressed final, syllable a MĀRE > *mare > már
RŌMA > *rōma > Ruma
closed stressed, or an unstressed, syllable o [ɔ] CAPRA > *kopra > kopra
PĀGĀNU > *poganŭ > pohán
ĂRĀNEA > *oraňa > oranja
ē, ĭ stressed syllable e TĒLA > *tela > tela
SĬTE > *setĭ > sétj
unstressed non-final syllable ĭ [ɪ]
ē unstressed final syllable i CANĒS > *kanis > kani
TACĒS > *takis > taczi
ĕ stressed open syllable jě [jæ] CAELŬ > *kjělŭ > czál
stressed closed syllable ě [æ] TĔRRA > *těrra > tjera
unstressed syllable ĭ RĔGĔRĔ > *rjěgěrĭ > rezsár
ĂPĔRĪRĔ > *opěrjirĭ > opjerír
ǣ unstressed final syllable e ROSAE > *rŭoze > roze
ī stressed open syllable ji SĪGNŬ > *sjiňŭ > színj
elsewhere i CĪVĪLĔ > *kivjilĭ-jŭ > czivílí
ō,ŭ stressed syllable ō [o] DŌNŬ > *dōnŭ > dún
PŬTĔŬ > *pōtjŭ > púc
ŬTĔRŬ > *ōtĭrŭ > utjer
unstressed non-final syllable ŭ SŌLĔMNĔ > *sŭlěnnĭ-jŭ > sléní
ĔPĪSTŬLA > *ěpistŭla > pístla
ŏ stressed open syllable ŭo BŎNŬ > *bŭonŭ-jŭ > bóný
stressed closed syllable o NŎCTĔ > *noktĭ > nóc
unstressed syllable ŭ MŎNASTĒRĬŬ > *mŭnasterjŭ > mnostér
f v FĪLĬŬ > *viľŭ > vílj
ŎFFĬCĬŬ > *ovvekjŭ > ovécz
k before ĭ, i, ě č CĔNTŬ > *čěntŭ > czút
DŬCĔ > *dōčĭ > dúcz
kj ŎFFĬCĬŬ > *ovvečŭ > ovécz
g before ĭ, i, ě at the beginning of a word or after a gonsonant ž GĔNTĔ > *žěntĭ > zsútj
g between a vowel and ĭ, i j RĔGĬT > *rějĭt > reje
LĒGE > *lejĭ > lej
gj between vowels ĔXĂGĬŬM > *ěχajŭ > jachaj
x before ĭ, i, ě š
xj NŎXĬŬ > *nŭošŭ > nósz
sk, kk before ĭ, i, ě šč PĬSCĔ > *peščĭ > pészt
ŎCCĪDĔRĔ > *oščiděrĭ > osztidír
skj, kkj ASCĬŎLA > *oščŭla > ósztla
BRĀCCHĬŬ > *broščŭ > brószt
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