Proto-Uralic/P: Difference between revisions
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! *-pp- | ! *-pp- | ||
| *säppä "gall", *śeppä "skilled"<!--FP *räppä "smoke hole"; FMo *käppä "paw", *tuppa- "to fill"--> | | *č/ćappa- "to chop", *säppä "gall", *śeppä "skilled"<!--#ta/uppa- "to stomp"; FP *räppä "smoke hole"; FMo *käppä "paw", *tuppa- "to fill"--> | ||
| *woppə- "to learn"<!--FS *tüppə- "to be engulfed"--> | | *ëppə "father-in-law", *woppə- "to learn"<!--FS *tüppə- "to be engulfed"--> | ||
| *ćuppɜ "top", *läppɜ "flap"<!--FV *luppɜ "lichen"; WU *kuppɜ "cup"--> | | *ćuppɜ "top", *läppɜ "flap"<!--PH *šAppɜ- "to dry"; FV *luppɜ "lichen"; WU *kuppɜ "cup"--> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *-p- | ! *-p- | ||
| *čupa "thin", *kopa "skin", *śepä "neck"<!--FP *repä ~ H ravas "fox" ← II--> | | *čupa "thin", *kopa "skin", *śepä "neck"<!--PEU *apa "older sis"; FP *repä ~ H ravas "fox" ← II--> | ||
| *jepəkä "owl" | | *jepəkä "owl" | ||
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! *-t- | ! *-t- | ||
| *itä- "to appear", *kota "hut" (← IE), *pata "pot", *we/ätä- "to pull"(← IE)<!--FP #rita "trap"; FMo *uTar "udder" ← IE--> | | *itä- "to appear", *kota "hut" (← IE), *pata "pot", *śa/ëta "100" (← IE), *we/ätä- "to pull"(← IE)<!--FP #rita "trap"; MaP *ja/ëta- "to ask"; FMo *uTar "udder" ← IE--> | ||
| *kätə "hand", *wetə "water"<!--FV #sïto- "to bind"; FS *totə "true"--> | | *kätə "hand", *wetə "water"<!--FP *sëtə "axle"; FV #sïto- "to bind"; FS *totə "true"--> | ||
| #nato "sib-in-law"<!--FP *latɜ "track" ← B.--> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! *-d₁- | ! *-d₁- | ||
| | | *śad₁a- "to rain" | ||
| *ad₁ə- "to sleep", *ed₁ə "front", *nüd₁ə "handle", *pid₁ə "long", *wid₁ə- "to kill"<!--FP *kud₁ə- "to weave"--> | | *ad₁ə- "to sleep", *ed₁ə "front", *nüd₁ə "handle", *pid₁ə "long", *wid₁ə- "to kill"<!--FP *kud₁ə- "to weave"--> | ||
| *küd₁ɜ "middle", *küd₁ɜ "bro-in-law", #wid₁ɜm "marrow" | | *küd₁ɜ "middle", *küd₁ɜ "bro-in-law", #pad₁o "dam, wall", #wid₁ɜm "marrow" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *-kk- | ! *-kk- | ||
| *d₂okka- "to push" (?), *lükkä- "to push"<!--FP *mükkä "mute", *tukka "bundle"--> | | *d₂okka- "to push" (?), *lakka "roof", *lükkä- "to push", *pakka- "to burst"<!--FP *mükkä "mute", *tukka "bundle"--> | ||
| *ćo/ukkə "top"<!--Ug *jokkə- "to stick in"--> | | *ćo/ukkə "top", *ra/ëkkɜ- "to bild" (?)<!--#śukkə "piece"; Ug *jokkə- "to stick in"--> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *-k- | ! *-k- | ||
| *eKä "uncle", *čäKä- "to put on", *čoka "shallow", *jekä "age" (← IE), #lïka- "to wash", *luka "10", *muka "back", *śekä "catfish"<!--FP *je/äkälä "lichen", *śuka- "to sharpen"; SMo *le/äkä "valley"--> | | *eKä "uncle", *čäKä- "to put on", *čoka "shallow", *jekä "age" (← IE), *jëka- "to divide", #lïka- "to wash", *luka "10", *muka "back", *śekä "catfish", *taka "behind"<!--FP *je/äkälä "lichen", *śuka- "to sharpen"; SMo *le/äkä "valley"--> | ||
| *kokə- "to find", *lukə- "to read", *näkə- "to see", *nükə- "to tear", *tekə- "to do", *wäkə "power"<!--FKh *me/äkə "hill"; FS *rükə- "to coff"--> | | *kokə- "to find", *lukə- "to read", *näkə- "to see", *nükə- "to tear", *tekə- "to do", *wäkə "power"<!--FKh *me/äkə "hill"; FS *rükə- "to coff"--> | ||
| *juka~*jukə~*jokə "river"<!--MaOU *mäkɜ "honey" (?); FP *nikɜ "new"--> | | *juka~*jukə~*jokə "river"<!--MaOU *mäkɜ "honey" (?); FP *nikɜ "new"--> | ||
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! *-x- | ! *-x- | ||
| - | | - | ||
| *mexə- "to sell", *kixə- "to rut", *saxə- "to receive", *śixələ "hedgehog", *toxə- "to bring", *wexə- "to take (to)", *wixə- "to take (from)"<!--PEU *toxə "lake"; Ug *jüɣ- "to come"; FP *šokə- "to say"--> | | #jëxə- "to drink", *mexə- "to sell", *mëxə "earth", *kixə- "to rut", *saxə- "to receive", *śixələ "hedgehog", *toxə- "to bring", *wexə- "to take (to)", *wixə- "to take (from)"<!--PEU *toxə "lake"; Ug *jüɣ- "to come"; FP *šokə- "to say"--> | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 12:21, 4 May 2014
| A-stems | ə-stems | Unclear | Ratio | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *-pp- | *č/ćappa- "to chop", *säppä "gall", *śeppä "skilled" | *ëppə "father-in-law", *woppə- "to learn" | *ćuppɜ "top", *läppɜ "flap" | |
| *-p- | *čupa "thin", *kopa "skin", *śepä "neck" | *jepəkä "owl" | ||
| *-w- | *uwa "flow", *üwä "belt", *lüwä- "to hit", *puwa- "to strangle" (?), *tiwä "deep" | *kiwə "stone", *lë/owə "bone", *sewə- "to eat", *śawə "clay", *śowə "mouth" | *tä(w)wɜ "lung" (?) | |
| *-tt- | *wo/ëtta- "to take" (?) | #kowɜttə "6" | ||
| *-t- | *itä- "to appear", *kota "hut" (← IE), *pata "pot", *śa/ëta "100" (← IE), *we/ätä- "to pull"(← IE) | *kätə "hand", *wetə "water" | #nato "sib-in-law" | |
| *-d₁- | *śad₁a- "to rain" | *ad₁ə- "to sleep", *ed₁ə "front", *nüd₁ə "handle", *pid₁ə "long", *wid₁ə- "to kill" | *küd₁ɜ "middle", *küd₁ɜ "bro-in-law", #pad₁o "dam, wall", #wid₁ɜm "marrow" | |
| *-kk- | *d₂okka- "to push" (?), *lakka "roof", *lükkä- "to push", *pakka- "to burst" | *ćo/ukkə "top", *ra/ëkkɜ- "to bild" (?) | ||
| *-k- | *eKä "uncle", *čäKä- "to put on", *čoka "shallow", *jekä "age" (← IE), *jëka- "to divide", #lïka- "to wash", *luka "10", *muka "back", *śekä "catfish", *taka "behind" | *kokə- "to find", *lukə- "to read", *näkə- "to see", *nükə- "to tear", *tekə- "to do", *wäkə "power" | *juka~*jukə~*jokə "river" | |
| *-x- | - | #jëxə- "to drink", *mexə- "to sell", *mëxə "earth", *kixə- "to rut", *saxə- "to receive", *śixələ "hedgehog", *toxə- "to bring", *wexə- "to take (to)", *wixə- "to take (from)" |
