Proto-Uralic/-ma: Difference between revisions
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Infinitiv -mA is probably identical to this. | |||
==Derivation== | ==Derivation== | ||
Most cases deverbal; denominals in <span style="color:green">green</span>. | |||
*PU | *PU | ||
** * | ** *kalə- "to die" → *kalma "death" | ||
** *śurə- "to die" → *śurma "death" | ** *śurə- "to die" → *śurma "death" | ||
** * | ** *parə- → *parma "gadfly" (vs. *parə-w → Samic *poarō) (root "to buzz"?) | ||
** *ńälə- "eat" → *ńälmä "tongue" | |||
** *ńoxə- "to hunt" → *ńoma "hare" | ** *ńoxə- "to hunt" → *ńoma "hare" | ||
** * | ** *aðə- "to sleep" → *aðəma "sleep" (could be in parallel: Mordvinic *odəmə has no syncope) | ||
** <span style="color:green">*kojə "man" → *kojma "person"</span> | |||
*Within Samoyedic | *Within Samoyedic | ||
** *ńimə- "to suck" → Smy *ńimmä "breast" | ** *ńimə- "to suck" → Smy *ńimmä "breast" | ||
** *sewə- "eat" → Smy *timä "tooth" (should be *temä?) (AASmy 1) | ** *sewə- "eat" → Smy *timä "tooth" (should be *temä?) (AASmy 1) | ||
*Within Ugric | |||
** *kaðʲa- "to disappear" → *koĺmɜ "ash" (AA, [http://protouralic.wordpress.com/2013/07/31/laterals-palatals-and-more/ commenting on the blog]) | |||
*Within West Uralic | *Within West Uralic | ||
** *wo-(lə-) "to be, to have" → FSM *(w)oma "own" | ** *wo-(lə-) "to be, to have" → FSM *(w)oma "own" | ||
** *wajŋə "breath" → FSM *wajma "spirit" | ** <span style="color:green">*wajŋə "breath" → FSM *wajma "spirit"</span> | ||
** * | ** <span style="color:green">*śalə "intestine" → S *čoalmē, F *salmi "strait" (semantics weak)</span> | ||
** *jurə- "to turn" → S *jormē "whirlpool" (AASmy #?) | |||
*Within Mordvinic | *Within Mordvinic | ||
** *kajwa- "to dig" → Mo *kajmə "spade" | ** *kajwa- "to dig" → Mo *kajmə "spade" | ||
** *kojwa "birch" → Mo *kujmə "basket" | ** <span style="color:green">*kojwa "birch" → Mo *kujmə "basket"</span> | ||
*Within Finnic | *Within Finnic | ||
** *wëlka- "to arrive" → F *valkama "landing" | ** *wëlka- "to arrive" → F *valkama "landing" | ||
** *waśa- "to shoot" → F *vasama "bolt of lightning" | ** *waśa- "to shoot" → F *vasama "bolt of lightning" | ||
( | ==Potential cases== | ||
* *kama "crust" (P *oo) | |||
* *julma "strong" (P *oo) | |||
* *jelma "air" (F -a) | |||
* *śa(j)ma "vessel" (Mo -a) | |||
* *kulma "brow" (Kh *ĺ) | |||
* *ńërma "groin" (S *ā) | |||
* FS *loma "gap" (~ MoMa *loKə) | |||
* FSM *urma "wound" | |||
* FMo *ločma "valley" | |||
* FK *kelmä "skin" (K *ń) | |||
* FP *külmä "cold" (cf. IE *gel-) | |||
* PUg *ćoKəma "shelter" (P *oo) | |||
* PUg *śoj(ə)ma "lowland" | |||
* HKh *ëlama "cushion" | |||
* MsSmy *śarma "hole in roof" | |||
* *äjmä "needle" | |||
* *emä "mother" | |||
* *ðʲoma "midge" | |||
* *ðʲümä "glue" | |||
* *jama "joint" | |||
* *kämä "shoe" | |||
* *lämä "scab" | |||
* *parma "gardfly" | |||
* *śuma "cap" | |||
* *śeð(ʲ)mä "kidney" | |||
* *śilmä "eye" | |||
* *tärma₂ "power" | |||
Latest revision as of 13:23, 18 April 2014
Infinitiv -mA is probably identical to this.
Derivation
Most cases deverbal; denominals in green.
- PU
- *kalə- "to die" → *kalma "death"
- *śurə- "to die" → *śurma "death"
- *parə- → *parma "gadfly" (vs. *parə-w → Samic *poarō) (root "to buzz"?)
- *ńälə- "eat" → *ńälmä "tongue"
- *ńoxə- "to hunt" → *ńoma "hare"
- *aðə- "to sleep" → *aðəma "sleep" (could be in parallel: Mordvinic *odəmə has no syncope)
- *kojə "man" → *kojma "person"
- Within Samoyedic
- *ńimə- "to suck" → Smy *ńimmä "breast"
- *sewə- "eat" → Smy *timä "tooth" (should be *temä?) (AASmy 1)
- Within Ugric
- *kaðʲa- "to disappear" → *koĺmɜ "ash" (AA, commenting on the blog)
- Within West Uralic
- *wo-(lə-) "to be, to have" → FSM *(w)oma "own"
- *wajŋə "breath" → FSM *wajma "spirit"
- *śalə "intestine" → S *čoalmē, F *salmi "strait" (semantics weak)
- *jurə- "to turn" → S *jormē "whirlpool" (AASmy #?)
- Within Mordvinic
- *kajwa- "to dig" → Mo *kajmə "spade"
- *kojwa "birch" → Mo *kujmə "basket"
- Within Finnic
- *wëlka- "to arrive" → F *valkama "landing"
- *waśa- "to shoot" → F *vasama "bolt of lightning"
Potential cases
- *kama "crust" (P *oo)
- *julma "strong" (P *oo)
- *jelma "air" (F -a)
- *śa(j)ma "vessel" (Mo -a)
- *kulma "brow" (Kh *ĺ)
- *ńërma "groin" (S *ā)
- FS *loma "gap" (~ MoMa *loKə)
- FSM *urma "wound"
- FMo *ločma "valley"
- FK *kelmä "skin" (K *ń)
- FP *külmä "cold" (cf. IE *gel-)
- PUg *ćoKəma "shelter" (P *oo)
- PUg *śoj(ə)ma "lowland"
- HKh *ëlama "cushion"
- MsSmy *śarma "hole in roof"
- *äjmä "needle"
- *emä "mother"
- *ðʲoma "midge"
- *ðʲümä "glue"
- *jama "joint"
- *kämä "shoe"
- *lämä "scab"
- *parma "gardfly"
- *śuma "cap"
- *śeð(ʲ)mä "kidney"
- *śilmä "eye"
- *tärma₂ "power"
