Historical phonology of Slevan: Difference between revisions

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|m||word-finally||disappears||{{small|CAELUM}} > *kaelu > czál
|m||word-finally||disappears||{{small|CAELUM}} > *kaelu > czál
|-
|-
|{{IPA|y̆, ȳ}} || everywhere || ĭ, ī || {{small|CYGNUS}} > *kignus > czenj
|{{IPA|y̆, ȳ}} || everywhere || ĭ, ī || {{small|CYGNU}} > *kignu > czenj
|-
|-
|rowspan=2|ae|| word-finally|| {{IPA|ǣ}} || {{small|ROSAE}} > *{{IPA|rosǣ}} > roze
|rowspan=2|ae|| word-finally|| {{IPA|ǣ}} || {{small|ROSAE}} > *{{IPA|rosǣ}} > roze
|-
|-
|elsewhere || ĕ {{IPA|[ɛ]}} || {{small|CAELUM}} > *kelu > czál
|elsewhere || ĕ {{IPA|[ɛ]}} || {{small|CAELU}} > *kelu > czál
|-
|-
|oe|| || ē || {{small|FOEDUM}} > *fēdu > véd
|oe|| || ē || {{small|FOEDU}} > *fēdu > véd
|-
|-
|au|| || ō || {{small|CAUSA}} > *kōsa > kuza
|au|| || ō || {{small|CAUSA}} > *kōsa > kuza
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|ui|| || ū ||
|ui|| || ū ||
|-
|-
|ĭ,ĕ || before another vowel || j || {{small|SPATIUM}} > *spatju > spóc<br> {{small|LĪNEA}} > līnja > linja
|ĭ,ĕ || before another vowel || j || {{small|SPATIU}} > *spatju > spóc<br> {{small|LĪNEA}} > līnja > linja
|-
|-
| ŭ || before another vowel || w || {{small|VIDUA}} > *vidwa > vedva
| ŭ || before another vowel || w || {{small|VIDUA}} > *vidwa > vedva
|-
|-
| h || disappears || || {{small|HODIĒ}} > odjē > oj<br> {{small|COLAPHUM}} > *kolapu > klóp<br> {{small|CATHEDRA}} > *katedra > kotjedra <br> {{small|MĀCHINA}} > *mākina > máczna
| h || disappears || || {{small|HODIĒ}} > odjē > voj<br> {{small|COLAPHU}} > *kolapu > klóp<br> {{small|CATHEDRA}} > *katedra > kotjedra <br> {{small|MĀCHINA}} > *mākina > máczna
|-
|-
| ns || s || || {{small|ĪNSULA}} > *īsula > ízla
| ns || s || || {{small|ĪNSULA}} > *īsula > ízla
|-
|-
| nct, mpt || nt || || {{small|SANCTUM}} > *sàntu-eu > sútý<br>
| nct, mpt || nt || || {{small|SANCTU}} > *sàntu-ju > sútý<br>
{{small|PRŌMPTUM}} > *prōntu > prútý
{{small|PRŌMPTUM}} > *prōntu > prútý
|-
|-
|nj, cn, gn, mnj || || ň {{IPA|[ɲ]}} || {{small|LĪNEA}} > *līňa > linja<br> {{small|CYGNUM}} > *kiňu > czenj <br> {{small|SOMNIUM}} > *soňu > sonj
|nj, cn, gn, mnj || || ň {{IPA|[ɲ]}} || {{small|LĪNEA}} > *līňa > linja<br> {{small|CYGNU}} > *kiňu > czenj <br> {{small|SOMNIU}} > *soňu > sonj
|-
|-
| mĭn || between vowels || mn || {{small|DOMINUM}} > *domnu > dún
| mĭn || between vowels || mn || {{small|DOMINU}} > *domnu > dún
|-
|-
| per- || word initially || par- || {{small|PERAMBULĀRE}} > *parambulāre > porúblár <br> {{small|PERDERE}} > *pàrdere > pradír <br> {{small|PERSŌNA}} > *parsōna > prasuna
| per- || word initially || par- || {{small|PERAMBULĀRE}} > *parambulāre > porúblár <br> {{small|PERDERE}} > *pàrdere > pradír <br> {{small|PERSŌNA}} > *parsōna > prasuna
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| s || between vowels || z || {{small|ĪNSULA}} > *īzula > ízla <br> {{small|CAUSA}} > *kōza > kuza
| s || between vowels || z || {{small|ĪNSULA}} > *īzula > ízla <br> {{small|CAUSA}} > *kōza > kuza
|-
|-
| sp, st, sc [sk] || word initial ||ĭsp, ĭst, ĭsk || {{small|SPŌNSA}} > *ispōza > spuza <br> {{small|STUDIUM}} > *istudju > stuj <br> {{small|SCHOLA}} > *iskola > skola
| sp, st, sc [sk] || word initial ||ĭsp, ĭst, ĭsk || {{small|SPŌNSA}} > *ispōza > spuza <br> {{small|STUDIU}} > *istudju > stuj <br> {{small|SCHOLA}} > *iskola > skola
|}
|}


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* Note that '''h''' was lost ''everywhere'', also in the Greek aspirates '''ph, th, ch'''.  It is especially noteworthy that '''ph''' became '''p''', not '''f''' in the kind of Vulgar Latin that led to Slevan.
* Note that '''h''' was lost ''everywhere'', also in the Greek aspirates '''ph, th, ch'''.  It is especially noteworthy that '''ph''' became '''p''', not '''f''' in the kind of Vulgar Latin that led to Slevan.


== Northeast Romance sound changes ==
== Northeast Romance sound changes ==

Revision as of 04:16, 11 March 2006

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Vulgar Latin sound changes

Latin to Vulgar Latin (Pre-Romance) ? -150 C.E.


Latin Condition Result Example(s)
m word-finally disappears CAELUM > *kaelu > czál
y̆, ȳ everywhere ĭ, ī CYGNU > *kignu > czenj
ae word-finally ǣ ROSAE > *rosǣ > roze
elsewhere ĕ [ɛ] CAELU > *kelu > czál
oe ē FOEDU > *fēdu > véd
au ō CAUSA > *kōsa > kuza
eu jū
ui ū
ĭ,ĕ before another vowel j SPATIU > *spatju > spóc
LĪNEA > līnja > linja
ŭ before another vowel w VIDUA > *vidwa > vedva
h disappears HODIĒ > odjē > voj
COLAPHU > *kolapu > klóp
CATHEDRA > *katedra > kotjedra
MĀCHINA > *mākina > máczna
ns s ĪNSULA > *īsula > ízla
nct, mpt nt SANCTU > *sàntu-ju > sútý

PRŌMPTUM > *prōntu > prútý

nj, cn, gn, mnj ň [ɲ] LĪNEA > *līňa > linja
CYGNU > *kiňu > czenj
SOMNIU > *soňu > sonj
mĭn between vowels mn DOMINU > *domnu > dún
per- word initially par- PERAMBULĀRE > *parambulāre > porúblár
PERDERE > *pàrdere > pradír
PERSŌNA > *parsōna > prasuna
b between vowels v [β] LĂBŌRĀRE > *lavōrare > lóvrár
s between vowels z ĪNSULA > *īzula > ízla
CAUSA > *kōza > kuza
sp, st, sc [sk] word initial ĭsp, ĭst, ĭsk SPŌNSA > *ispōza > spuza
STUDIU > *istudju > stuj
SCHOLA > *iskola > skola
  • It is possible that the Greek y sound was adopted as i by Vulgar Latin from the beginning.
  • Note that h was lost everywhere, also in the Greek aspirates ph, th, ch. It is especially noteworthy that ph became p, not f in the kind of Vulgar Latin that led to Slevan.

Northeast Romance sound changes

Vulgar Latin to Early Northeast Romance 150 - 600 C.E.


V.L. Condition Result Example(s)
ă, ā open stressed, or unstressed final, syllable a MĀRE > *mare > már
RŌMA > *rōma > Ruma
closed stressed, or an unstressed, syllable o [ɔ] CAPRA > *kopra > kopra
PĀGĀNU > *poganŭ > pohán
ĂRĀNEA > *oraňa > oranja
ē, ĭ stressed syllable e TĒLA > *tela > tela
SĬTE > *setĭ > sétj
unstressed non-final syllable ĭ [ɪ]
ē unstressed final syllable i CANĒS > *kanis > kani
TACĒS > *takis > taczi
ĕ stressed open syllable jě [jæ] CAELŬ > *kjělŭ > czál
stressed closed syllable ě [æ] TĔRRA > *těrra > tjera
unstressed syllable ĭ RĔGĔRĔ > *rjěgĭrĭ > rejr
ĂPĔRĪRĔ > *opĭrjirĭ > oprír
ǣ unstressed final syllable e ROSAE > *rŭoze > roze
ī stressed open syllable ji SĪGNŬ > *sjiňŭ > színj
elsewhere i CĪVĪLĔ > *kivjilĭ-jĭ > czivílí
ō,ŭ stressed syllable ō [o] DŌNŬ > *dōnŭ > dún
PŬTĔŬ > *pōtjŭ > púc
ŬTĔRŬ > *ōtĭrŭ > utjer
unstressed non-final syllable ŭ SŌLĔMNĔ > *sŭlěnnĭ-jĭ > sléní
ĔPĪSTŬLA > *ĭpistŭla > pístla
ŏ stressed open syllable ŭo BŎNŬ > *bŭonŭ-jĭ > bóný
stressed closed syllable o NŎCTĔ > *noktĭ > nóc
unstressed syllable ŭ MŎNASTĒRĬŬ > *mŭnasterjŭ > mnostér
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