ʾAšdu Yat-Vṛḵaž: Difference between revisions
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!Close | !Close | ||
| i | | i | ||
| | | ɨ | ||
| u | | u | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| ɛ | | ɛ | ||
| | | e | ||
| b'''e'''t | | b'''e'''t | ||
|- | |- | ||
| e | | e | ||
| | | ē | ||
| b'''a'''y, f'''a'''ce | | b'''a'''y, f'''a'''ce | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ɔ | | ɔ | ||
| | | o | ||
| '''o'''r, f'''o'''r, c'''o'''t | | '''o'''r, f'''o'''r, c'''o'''t | ||
|- | |- | ||
| o | | o | ||
| | | ō | ||
| r'''oa'''d | | r'''oa'''d | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ə | | ə | ||
| | | u | ||
| '''u'''nder | | '''u'''nder | ||
|- | |- | ||
| u | | u | ||
| | | ū | ||
| z'''oo''' | | z'''oo''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ɨ | |||
| i | |||
| ros'''e'''s | |||
|- | |- | ||
| i | | i | ||
| | | ī | ||
| b'''ee''' | | b'''ee''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
Revision as of 07:04, 16 April 2014
Vrkhazhi (YŠKK YT-VṚḴẔKM Yaškik Yat-Vṛḵaẕīkam) is a Northern Hašakaṃ language of the Athimošiye language family. The earliest form of this language, Ancient Vrkhazhi was spoken around 10 000 years ago.
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ | u |
| Close-mid | e | o | |
| Mid | ə | ||
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | a | ||
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | iː | uː |
| Close-mid | eː | oː |
| Open | aː | |
| IPA | Letter | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Monopthongs | ||
| a | a | bra,father, cot, bad |
| ɛ | e | bet |
| e | ē | bay, face |
| ɔ | o | or, for, cot |
| o | ō | road |
| ə | u | under |
| u | ū | zoo |
| ɨ | i | roses |
| i | ī | bee |
| IPA | letters | Example |
|---|---|---|
| iər | ir | ear, fear |
| eər | er | air, fair |
| ɔər | or | for, pour |
Consonants
| Bilabial | Alveolar | (Alveolo)-
Palatal |
Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | Normal | m [m] | n [n] | ||||
| Pre-aspirated | hn [ʰn] | ||||||
| Stop | Normal | p [p] b [b] | t [t] d [d] | k [k] g [g] | q [q] | ʾ [ʔ] | |
| Pre-aspirated | hp [ʰp] | ht [ʰt] | hk [ʰk] | hq [ʰq] | |||
| Dark | ṗ [pˤ] ḅ [bˤ] | ṭ [tˤ] ḍ [dˤ] | |||||
| Affricate | ḏ [ʦ] | č [ʧ~ʨ] j [ʤ~ʥ] | |||||
| Fricative | Normal | f [ɸ] v [β] | s [s] z [z] | š [ʃ~ɕ] ẕ [ʒ~ʑ] | ḵ [x] ğ [ɣ] | ḫ [χ] | h [h] |
| Dark | ṣ [sˤ] ẓ [zˤ] | ||||||
| Approximant | r [ɹ~ɾ] | y [j] | w [w] | ||||
| Trill | rr [r] | ṟ [ʀ] | |||||
| Lateral Approximant | l [l] | ||||||
| Lateral Fricative | ḻ [ɬ~ɬʲ] | ||||||
| Letter | Phoneme | Example (in English) |
|---|---|---|
| ʾ | ʔ | uh-oh |
| Ḵ ḵ | x | Scottish loch |
| V v | β | vet |
| H h | h | hall |
| D d | d | dog |
| Ḏ ḏ | ʦ | beds or bets |
| B b | b | ball |
| S s | s | sun |
| Ẕ ẕ | ʒ | pleasure |
| Y y | j | yes |
| K k | k | kick |
| G g | g | game |
| L l | l | lose |
| M m | m | mall |
| N n | n | no |
| Ğ ğ | ɣ | like /x/ but voiced |
| P p | p | ball |
| J j | ʤ | judge |
| R r | ɹ~ɾ | run |
| Rr rr | r | trilled /ɹ/ |
| F f | ɸ | fun |
| Š š | ʃ | shun |
| W w | w | water |
| T t | t | tall |
| Č č | ʧ | cheese |
| Z z | z | zoo |
| Ḻ ḻ | ɬ | no English equivalent |
| Ḫ ḫ | χ | no English equivalent |
| Q q | q | no English equivalent |
| Ṟ ṟ | ʀ | French trois |
| Ṛ ṛ | r̩~ɹ̩ | ladder |
