Яжык Аркеоский (Jažyk Arkéoskij): Difference between revisions

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= Ålkavat (alphabet) =
= Ålkavat (alphabet) =
The Arkéan Alphabet is known as the Ålkavat, the name of which came from the first four letters of Arkhéan's ancestor language, Verkhaza. The letters were Ál, Ka, Vāw and Hīt.
The Arkéan Language uses three writings systems:
The script consists of 33~35 letters, 10 of which are vowels.
*The Ålkavat Romaźa Ålfyśa (Official Romanization Alphabet), used for teaching and informal writing.
*The Ålkavat Cyrylys Ålfyśa (Official Cyrillic Alphabet), used for formal writing.
*The Ålkavat Arkéoskij Ålfyśa (Official Arkhean Alphabet) is used for "sacred" writings, government documents, and sometimes very formal writing. The name of the script is derived from the first four letters of Arkhéan's ancestor language, Verkhaza. The letters were Ál, Ka, Vāw and Hīt.


= Phonology =
= Phonology =
Listed below are the phonetics as they are pronounced in roman script.
Arkhean Language contains a large phonemic inventory. Most of the sounds it contains are shared with many Slavic languages, as well as sharing palatal secondary articulation. This language also contains a phoneme not found in any native language, the lateral trill, which is represented by the IPA as /ɺ͡r/ and Orthographically as <Ŀ ŀ>.
===Vowels===
===Vowels===
{|class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
{|class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 290px; text-align:center;"
|+Vowel Phonemes
|+Vowel Phonemes
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 90px; " |
! style="width: 90px; " |Front
! style="width: 90px; " |Front
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front
! style="width: 90px; " |Central
! style="width: 90px; " |Central
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back
! style="width: 90px; " |Back
! style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
|-
!Close
!Close
| i
| i
|
| ɨ
| ɨ
|
| u
| u
|-
!Near-close
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
!Close-mid
!Close-mid
| e
| e
|
|
|
|
| o
| o
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!Mid
!Mid
|  
|  
|
| ə  
| ə
|
|
|
|-
|-
!Open-mid
!Open-mid
| ɛ
| ɛ
|
|
|
|
| ɔ
| ɔ
|-
!Near-open
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
!Open
!Open
| a
|colspan=3|a
|
|
|
| ɒ
|}
|}


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   | colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | '''Monopthongs'''
   | colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | '''Monopthongs'''
   |-
   |-
  | ɒ
   | a
   | a
  | br'''a''',f'''a'''ther, l'''o'''t, c'''o'''t
  |-
   | a
   | a
   | å
   | br'''a''',f'''a'''ther, c'''o'''t, b'''a'''d
  | t'''a'''p, b'''a'''t, b'''a'''d
   |-
   |-
   | ɛ
   | e
   | e
   | e
   | b'''e'''t
   | b'''e'''t
   |-
   |-
   | e
   | ɛ
   | é
   | é
   | b'''a'''y, f'''a'''ce
   | b'''a'''y, f'''a'''ce
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   | ó
   | ó
   | '''o'''r, f'''o'''r, c'''o'''t
   | '''o'''r, f'''o'''r, c'''o'''t
  |-
  | u
  | u
  | z'''oo'''
   |-
   |-
   | ə   
   | ə   
   | u
   | ë
   | '''u'''nder   
   | '''u'''nder   
   |-
   |-
   | u
   | i
   | ů
   | i
   | z'''oo'''
   | b'''ee'''
   |-
   |-
   | ɨ
   | ɨ
   | y
   | y
   | ros'''e'''s
   | ros'''e'''s
  |-
  | i
  | ý
  | b'''ee'''
   |-
   |-
   | colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | '''Dipthongs'''   
   | colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | '''Dipthongs'''   
   |-
   |-
   | aɪ
   | aj
   | i
   | aj
   | cr'''y'''
   | cr'''y'''
   |-
   |-
   | ɔɪj
   | ɔj
   | oj
   | oj
   | b'''oy''', j'''oy'''  
   | b'''oy''', j'''oy'''  
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'''Allophony'''
'''Allophony'''
*/æ/ is an allophone of /a/, word initially
Arkhean Allophony only occurs with vowels:
*/æ/ is an allophone of /a/, word initially and before /l/, and occurs after /ɬ/ and /ɮ/.
*/ɐ/ is an allophone of /ə/ when followed by plosives.
*/ɐ/ is an allophone of /ə/ when followed by plosives.
*/ɪ/ is an allophone of /ɨ/ when it is word-initial.
*/ɪ/ is an allophone of /ɨ/ when it is word-initial.


===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Consonant Phonemes
|+Consonant Phonemes
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   !colspan=2 width=70px|Labio-
   !colspan=2 width=70px|Labio-
Dental
Dental
  !Dental
   !colspan=2 width=70px|Alveolar
   !colspan=2 width=70px|Alveolar
   !Post-
   !Post-
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! <small>hard</small>
! <small>hard</small>
! <small>soft</small>
! <small>soft</small>
! <small></small>
! <small>hard</small>
! <small>hard</small>
! <small>soft</small>
! <small>soft</small>
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| m || mʲ
| m || mʲ
| colspan=2|
| colspan=2|
|
| colspan=2|n
| colspan=2|n
|
|
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| p b || pʲ bʲ
| p b || pʲ bʲ
|colspan=2|
|colspan=2|
|
| t d || tʲ dʲ
| t d || tʲ dʲ
|
|
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|colspan=2|
|colspan=2|
|colspan=2|  
|colspan=2|  
|
| t͡s d͡z||t͡sʲ d͡zʲ
| t͡s d͡z||t͡sʲ
|t͡ʃ d͡ʒ
|t͡ʃ d͡ʒ
|t͡ɕ
|[t͡ɕ d͡ʑ]
|colspan=2|
|colspan=2|
|
|
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! Fricative
! Fricative
|colspan=2|
|colspan=2|
|f v || fʲ
|f v || fʲ vʲ
|
|s z || sʲ zʲ
|s z || sʲ
|ʃ ʒ  
|ʃ ʒ  
|ɕ ʑ
|[ɕ ʑ]
|colspan=2|x
|colspan=2|x [ɣ]
|χ
|χ [ʁ]
|h
|h
|-
|-
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|colspan=2|
|colspan=2|
|colspan=2|
|colspan=2|
|
|colspan=2|ɹ~ɾ <ref>The Arkhéan <R r> can be either an Alveolar Approximant [ɹ] or an Alveolar Tap [ɾ], as both consonant sounds are used in Free-Variation, meaning they can be used interchangeably without changing the meaning of the word, and only relies on the preference of the speaker.
|colspan=2|
</ref>
|
|
|j
|j
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|
|
|-
|-
! Rhotic Consonant
! Lateral Approximant
|colspan=2|
|colspan=2|
|
|colspan=2|r <ref>The Arkhéan [r] can be either an Alveolar Approximant [ɹ] or an Alveolar Tap [ɾ], as both consonant sounds are used in Free-Variation, meaning they can be used interchangeably without changing the meaning of the word, and only relies on the preference of the speaker.
</ref>
|
|
|colspan=2|
|
|
|-
! Lateral
|colspan=2|
|colspan=2|
|colspan=2|
|colspan=2|
|
|colspan=2|l
|colspan=2|l
|
|
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|colspan=2|
|colspan=2|
|colspan=2|
|colspan=2|
|
|colspan=2|ɺ͡r
|colspan=2|ɺ͡r
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
! Lateral Fricative
|}
|colspan=2|
|colspan=2|
|
|colspan=2|ɮ
|
|
|colspan=2|
|
|
|-|}


<references/>
<references/>
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   |-
   |-
   | mʲ
   | mʲ
   | ḿ or mj
   | mj
   | '''mu'''sic
   | '''mu'''sic
   |-
   |-
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   |-
   |-
   |ɲ
   |ɲ
   |ň or nj
   |ň
   | '''ne'''w
   | '''ne'''w
   |-
   |-
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   |-
   |-
   | pʲ
   | pʲ
   | ṕ or pj
   | pj
   | '''pu'''re
   | '''pu'''re
   |-
   |-
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   |-
   |-
   | bʲ
   | bʲ
   | ƃ or bj
   | bj
   | no english equvalent
   | no english equvalent
   |-
   |-
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   |-
   |-
   | tʲ
   | tʲ
   | ţ or tj
   | tj
   | no english equivalent
   | no english equivalent
   |-
   |-
Line 355: Line 295:
   |-
   |-
   | dʲ
   | dʲ
   | ƌ or dj
   | dj
   | '''dew''', a'''deiu'''
   | '''dew''', a'''deiu'''
   |-
   |-
Line 363: Line 303:
   |-
   |-
   | kʲ
   | kʲ
   | q
   | kj
   | cute
   | cute
   |-
   |-
Line 375: Line 315:
   |-
   |-
   | gʲ
   | gʲ
   | ǵ or gj
   | gj
   | ar'''gu'''e
   | ar'''gu'''e
   |-
   |-
Line 381: Line 321:
   | dž  
   | dž  
   | '''j'''udge
   | '''j'''udge
  |-
  | d͡ʑ
  | dź
  | no english equivalent
   |-
   |-
   | f
   | f
Line 387: Line 331:
   |-
   |-
   | fʲ
   | fʲ
   | ḟ, f́or fj
   | fj
   | '''fj'''ord
   | '''fj'''ord
   |-
   |-
Line 399: Line 343:
   |-
   |-
   | tsʲ
   | tsʲ
   | ć or cj
   | cj
   | no english equivalent
   | no english equivalent
   |-
   |-
Line 407: Line 351:
   |-
   |-
   | sʲ
   | sʲ
   | ś or sj
   | sj
   | no english equivalent
   | no english equivalent
   |-
   |-
Line 413: Line 357:
   | z  
   | z  
   | '''z'''eal
   | '''z'''eal
  |-
  | zʲ
  | zj
  | somewhat like in '''ze'''al
   |-
   |-
   | ʃ
   | ʃ
Line 420: Line 368:
   | ʒ
   | ʒ
   | ž
   | ž
   | plea'''s'''ure
  | bei'''ge'''
  |-
  | ʑ
  | ź
   | plea'''su'''re
   |-
   |-
   | h
   | h
Line 430: Line 382:
   | '''l'''ad
   | '''l'''ad
   |-
   |-
   | ɺ͡r or ɮ
   | ɺ͡r
   | ŀ
   | ŀ
   | no english equivalent
   | no english equivalent

Latest revision as of 19:57, 21 March 2014

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Arkéan [aɾ.'ke.n̩] or Arkéo [aɾ.'ke.o] is a language spoken by the nation of Arkhéo. The language has gone through many chnges and spelling reforms, and it will continue to evolve.

History

Before Arkæo became it's own nation, It was a part of larger country know Verkhazi. This nation was a gloabal superpower in the continent of Se'Ashiran and ruled the Verkhazi Empire. However, eventually through fierce resistance from it's enemies, The Khamuhiyot Nation, the empire faced eventual collapse, and the nation was split into two; one nation became Arkhæo, and the other became Chanar /'ʃænaɹ/

Ålkavat (alphabet)

The Arkéan Language uses three writings systems:

  • The Ålkavat Romaźa Ålfyśa (Official Romanization Alphabet), used for teaching and informal writing.
  • The Ålkavat Cyrylys Ålfyśa (Official Cyrillic Alphabet), used for formal writing.
  • The Ålkavat Arkéoskij Ålfyśa (Official Arkhean Alphabet) is used for "sacred" writings, government documents, and sometimes very formal writing. The name of the script is derived from the first four letters of Arkhéan's ancestor language, Verkhaza. The letters were Ál, Ka, Vāw and Hīt.

Phonology

Arkhean Language contains a large phonemic inventory. Most of the sounds it contains are shared with many Slavic languages, as well as sharing palatal secondary articulation. This language also contains a phoneme not found in any native language, the lateral trill, which is represented by the IPA as /ɺ͡r/ and Orthographically as <Ŀ ŀ>.

Vowels

Vowel Phonemes
Front Central Back
Close i ɨ u
Close-mid e o
Mid ə
Open-mid ɛ ɔ
Open a
Phonemes
IPA Letter Example
Monopthongs
a a bra,father, cot, bad
e e bet
ɛ é bay, face
o o road
ɔ ó or, for, cot
u u zoo
ə ë under
i i bee
ɨ y roses
Dipthongs
aj aj cry
ɔj oj boy, joy
  • Vowel "A" becomes /ə/ when unstressed.
Followed by an R...
IPA letters Example
ɪər ýr ear, fear
ɛər ĕr air, fair
ɔr or for, pour
ɛr yr butter

Allophony Arkhean Allophony only occurs with vowels:

  • /æ/ is an allophone of /a/, word initially and before /l/, and occurs after /ɬ/ and /ɮ/.
  • /ɐ/ is an allophone of /ə/ when followed by plosives.
  • /ɪ/ is an allophone of /ɨ/ when it is word-initial.

Consonants

Consonant Phonemes
Bilabial Labio-

Dental

Alveolar Post-

Alveolar

(Aveolo)-

Palatal

Velar Uvular Glottal
hard soft hard soft hard soft hard soft
Nasal m mʲ n ɲ
Stop p b pʲ bʲ t d tʲ dʲ k ɡ kʲ ɡʲ
Affricate t͡s d͡z t͡sʲ d͡zʲ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ [t͡ɕ d͡ʑ]
Fricative f v fʲ vʲ s z sʲ zʲ ʃ ʒ [ɕ ʑ] x [ɣ] χ [ʁ] h
Approximant ɹ~ɾ [1] j
Lateral Approximant l
Lateral Trill ɺ͡r
  1. ↑ The Arkhéan <R r> can be either an Alveolar Approximant [ɹ] or an Alveolar Tap [ɾ], as both consonant sounds are used in Free-Variation, meaning they can be used interchangeably without changing the meaning of the word, and only relies on the preference of the speaker.
IPA Letter Example

(in english)

m m met
mʲ mj music
n n name
ɲ ň new
p p pot
pʲ pj pure
b b ban
bʲ bj no english equvalent
t t tan
tʲ tj no english equivalent
r r ran, red, rot, car
d d dad
dʲ dj dew, adeiu
k k sky
kʲ kj cute
x ǩ loch
g g gone
gʲ gj argue
d͡ʒ dž judge
d͡ʑ dź no english equivalent
f f fat
fʲ fj fjord
v v van
ts c bats
tsʲ cj no english equivalent
s s sun
sʲ sj no english equivalent
z z zeal
zʲ zj somewhat like in zeal
ʃ š shun
ʒ ž beige
ʑ ź pleasure
h h head
l l lad
ɺ͡r ŀ no english equivalent
tʃ č cheese
χ ȟ no english equivalent
d͡z dz beds
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