Яжык Аркеоский (Jažyk Arkéoskij): Difference between revisions
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Arkéan [aɾ.'ke.n̩] or Arkéo [aɾ.'ke.o] is a language spoken by the nation of Arkhéo. The language has gone through many chnges and spelling reforms, and it will continue to evolve. | |||
= History = | = History = | ||
Before Arkæo became it's own nation, It was a part of larger country know Verkhazi. This nation was a gloabal superpower in the continent of Se'Ashiran and ruled the Verkhazi Empire. However, eventually through fierce resistance from it's enemies, The Khamuhiyot Nation, the empire faced eventual collapse, and the nation was split into two; one nation became Arkhæo, and the other became Chanar /'ʃænaɹ/ | Before Arkæo became it's own nation, It was a part of larger country know Verkhazi. This nation was a gloabal superpower in the continent of Se'Ashiran and ruled the Verkhazi Empire. However, eventually through fierce resistance from it's enemies, The Khamuhiyot Nation, the empire faced eventual collapse, and the nation was split into two; one nation became Arkhæo, and the other became Chanar /'ʃænaɹ/ | ||
= | = Ålkavat (alphabet) = | ||
The | The Arkéan Language uses three writings systems: | ||
*The Ålkavat Romaźa Ålfyśa (Official Romanization Alphabet), used for teaching and informal writing. | |||
*The Ålkavat Cyrylys Ålfyśa (Official Cyrillic Alphabet), used for formal writing. | |||
*The Ålkavat Arkéoskij Ålfyśa (Official Arkhean Alphabet) is used for "sacred" writings, government documents, and sometimes very formal writing. The name of the script is derived from the first four letters of Arkhéan's ancestor language, Verkhaza. The letters were Ál, Ka, Vāw and Hīt. | |||
= Phonology = | = Phonology = | ||
Arkhean Language contains a large phonemic inventory. Most of the sounds it contains are shared with many Slavic languages, as well as sharing palatal secondary articulation. This language also contains a phoneme not found in any native language, the lateral trill, which is represented by the IPA as /ɺ͡r/ and Orthographically as <Ŀ ŀ>. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{|class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 290px; text-align:center;" | |||
|+Vowel Phonemes | |||
! style="width: 90px; "| | |- | ||
! style="width: 90px; " | | |||
! style="width: 90px; " |Front | ! style="width: 90px; " |Front | ||
! style="width: 90px; " |Central | ! style="width: 90px; " |Central | ||
! style="width: 90px; " |Back | ! style="width: 90px; " |Back | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Close | !Close | ||
| i | | i | ||
| ɨ | | ɨ | ||
| u | | u | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Close-mid | !Close-mid | ||
| e | | e | ||
| | | | ||
| o | | o | ||
Line 45: | Line 35: | ||
!Mid | !Mid | ||
| | | | ||
| ə | |||
| ə | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Open-mid | !Open-mid | ||
| ɛ | | ɛ | ||
| | | | ||
| ɔ | | ɔ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Open | !Open | ||
| a | |colspan=3|a | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+Phonemes | |||
! IPA | ! IPA | ||
! Letter | ! Letter | ||
Line 82: | Line 55: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | '''Monopthongs''' | | colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | '''Monopthongs''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| a | | a | ||
| br'''a''',f'''a'''ther, | | a | ||
| br'''a''',f'''a'''ther, c'''o'''t, b'''a'''d | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | e | ||
| e | | e | ||
| b'''e'''t | | b'''e'''t | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ɛ | ||
| | | é | ||
| b'''a'''y, f'''a'''ce | | b'''a'''y, f'''a'''ce | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 102: | Line 71: | ||
| r'''oa'''d | | r'''oa'''d | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ɔ | ||
| ó | |||
| '''o'''r, f'''o'''r, c'''o'''t | |||
|- | |||
| u | | u | ||
| u | | u | ||
| z'''oo''' | | z'''oo''' | ||
|- | |||
| ə | |||
| ë | |||
| '''u'''nder | |||
|- | |||
| i | |||
| i | |||
| b'''ee''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ɨ | | ɨ | ||
| y | | y | ||
| ros'''e'''s | | ros'''e'''s | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | '''Dipthongs''' | | colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | '''Dipthongs''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | aj | ||
| | | aj | ||
| cr'''y''' | | cr'''y''' | ||
|- | |||
| ɔj | |||
| oj | |||
| b'''oy''', j'''oy''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
* | *Vowel "A" becomes /ə/ when unstressed. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+'''Followed by an R...''' | |||
! IPA | ! IPA | ||
! letters | ! letters | ||
! Example | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ɪər | ||
| | | ýr | ||
| '''ear''', f'''ear''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ɛər | ||
| ĕr | | ĕr | ||
| '''air''', f'''air''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ɔr | | ɔr | ||
| or | | or | ||
| f'''or''', p'''our''' | |||
|- | |||
| ɛr | |||
| yr | |||
| butt'''er''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
'''Allophony''' | |||
Arkhean Allophony only occurs with vowels: | |||
*/æ/ is an allophone of /a/, word initially and before /l/, and occurs after /ɬ/ and /ɮ/. | |||
*/ɐ/ is an allophone of /ə/ when followed by plosives. | |||
*/ɪ/ is an allophone of /ɨ/ when it is word-initial. | |||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+Consonant | |+Consonant Phonemes | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2| | ! rowspan=2| | ||
!colspan=2 width=70px|Bilabial | !colspan=2 width=70px|Bilabial | ||
!Labio- | !colspan=2 width=70px|Labio- | ||
Dental | Dental | ||
!colspan=2 width=70px|Alveolar | !colspan=2 width=70px|Alveolar | ||
!Post- | !Post- | ||
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!(Aveolo)- | !(Aveolo)- | ||
Palatal | Palatal | ||
!colspan=2 width=70px|Velar | |||
!colspan=2 width=70px| | |||
Velar | |||
!Uvular | !Uvular | ||
!Glottal | !Glottal | ||
Line 168: | Line 154: | ||
! <small>hard</small> | ! <small>hard</small> | ||
! <small>soft</small> | ! <small>soft</small> | ||
! <small>hard</small> | ! <small>hard</small> | ||
! <small>soft</small> | ! <small>soft</small> | ||
! <small></small> | ! <small>hard</small> | ||
! <small>soft</small> | |||
! <small></small> | ! <small></small> | ||
! <small></small> | ! <small></small> | ||
Line 182: | Line 167: | ||
! Nasal | ! Nasal | ||
| m || mʲ | | m || mʲ | ||
| | | colspan=2| | ||
| | |||
| colspan=2|n | | colspan=2|n | ||
| | | | ||
| ɲ | | ɲ | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2| | ||
| | | | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Stop | ! Stop | ||
| p b || pʲ bʲ | |||
| | |colspan=2| | ||
| | |||
| t d || tʲ dʲ | | t d || tʲ dʲ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| k ɡ||kʲ ɡʲ | | k ɡ||kʲ ɡʲ | ||
| | | | ||
Line 206: | Line 187: | ||
! Affricate | ! Affricate | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2| | ||
| | |colspan=2| | ||
| | | t͡s d͡z||t͡sʲ d͡zʲ | ||
| t͡s d͡z||t͡sʲ | |||
|t͡ʃ d͡ʒ | |t͡ʃ d͡ʒ | ||
|t͡ɕ | |[t͡ɕ d͡ʑ] | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2| | ||
| | | | ||
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! Fricative | ! Fricative | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2| | ||
|f v | |f v || fʲ vʲ | ||
| | |s z || sʲ zʲ | ||
|s z || sʲ | |||
|ʃ ʒ | |ʃ ʒ | ||
|ɕ ʑ | |[ɕ ʑ] | ||
|colspan=2|x [ɣ] | |||
|colspan=2| | |χ [ʁ] | ||
|χ | |||
|h | |h | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Approximant | ! Approximant | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2| | ||
|colspan=2| | |||
|colspan=2|ɹ~ɾ <ref>The Arkhéan <R r> can be either an Alveolar Approximant [ɹ] or an Alveolar Tap [ɾ], as both consonant sounds are used in Free-Variation, meaning they can be used interchangeably without changing the meaning of the word, and only relies on the preference of the speaker. | |||
</ref> | |||
| | | | ||
|j | |j | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2| | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Lateral Approximant | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2| | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2| | ||
| | |colspan=2|l | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Lateral | ! Lateral Trill | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2| | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2| | ||
| | |colspan=2|ɺ͡r | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 266: | Line 238: | ||
|} | |} | ||
<references/> | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! IPA | ! IPA | ||
Line 277: | Line 250: | ||
| '''m'''et | | '''m'''et | ||
|- | |- | ||
|mʲ | | mʲ | ||
|mj | | mj | ||
|'''mu'''sic | | '''mu'''sic | ||
|- | |- | ||
| n | | n | ||
| n | | n | ||
| '''n'''ame | | '''n'''ame | ||
|- | |||
|ɲ | |||
|ň | |||
| '''ne'''w | |||
|- | |- | ||
| p | | p | ||
| p | | p | ||
| '''p'''ot | | '''p'''ot | ||
|- | |||
| pʲ | |||
| pj | |||
| '''pu'''re | |||
|- | |- | ||
| b | | b | ||
| b | | b | ||
| '''b'''an | | '''b'''an | ||
|- | |||
| bʲ | |||
| bj | |||
| no english equvalent | |||
|- | |- | ||
| t | | t | ||
Line 297: | Line 282: | ||
| '''t'''an | | '''t'''an | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | tʲ | ||
| tj | |||
| no english equivalent | |||
|- | |||
| r | |||
| r | | r | ||
| '''r'''an, '''r'''ed, '''r'''ot, ca'''r''' | | '''r'''an, '''r'''ed, '''r'''ot, ca'''r''' | ||
Line 304: | Line 293: | ||
| d | | d | ||
| '''d'''ad | | '''d'''ad | ||
|- | |||
| dʲ | |||
| dj | |||
| '''dew''', a'''deiu''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| k | | k | ||
Line 310: | Line 303: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kʲ | | kʲ | ||
| | | kj | ||
| cute | | cute | ||
|- | |||
| x | |||
| ǩ | |||
| lo'''ch''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| g | | g | ||
Line 317: | Line 314: | ||
| '''g'''one | | '''g'''one | ||
|- | |- | ||
| gʲ | | gʲ | ||
| ''' | | gj | ||
| ar'''gu'''e | |||
|- | |- | ||
| d͡ʒ | | d͡ʒ | ||
| dž | | dž | ||
| '''j'''udge | | '''j'''udge | ||
|- | |||
| d͡ʑ | |||
| dź | |||
| no english equivalent | |||
|- | |- | ||
| f | | f | ||
| f | | f | ||
| '''f'''at | | '''f'''at | ||
|- | |||
| fʲ | |||
| fj | |||
| '''fj'''ord | |||
|- | |- | ||
| v | | v | ||
Line 336: | Line 341: | ||
| c | | c | ||
| ba'''ts''' | | ba'''ts''' | ||
|- | |||
| tsʲ | |||
| cj | |||
| no english equivalent | |||
|- | |- | ||
| s | | s | ||
| s | | s | ||
| '''s'''un | | '''s'''un | ||
|- | |||
| sʲ | |||
| sj | |||
| no english equivalent | |||
|- | |- | ||
| z | | z | ||
| z | | z | ||
| '''z'''eal | | '''z'''eal | ||
|- | |||
| zʲ | |||
| zj | |||
| somewhat like in '''ze'''al | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ʃ | | ʃ | ||
Line 351: | Line 368: | ||
| ʒ | | ʒ | ||
| ž | | ž | ||
| plea''' | | bei'''ge''' | ||
|- | |||
| ʑ | |||
| ź | |||
| plea'''su'''re | |||
|- | |- | ||
| h | | h | ||
Line 360: | Line 381: | ||
| l | | l | ||
| '''l'''ad | | '''l'''ad | ||
|- | |||
| ɺ͡r | |||
| ŀ | |||
| no english equivalent | |||
|- | |- | ||
| tʃ | | tʃ | ||
| č | | č | ||
| ''' | | '''ch'''eese | ||
|- | |- | ||
| χ | | χ | ||
| ȟ | | ȟ | ||
| | | no english equivalent | ||
|- | |- | ||
| d͡z | | d͡z | ||
Line 374: | Line 399: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Latest revision as of 19:57, 21 March 2014
Arkéan [aɾ.'ke.n̩] or Arkéo [aɾ.'ke.o] is a language spoken by the nation of Arkhéo. The language has gone through many chnges and spelling reforms, and it will continue to evolve.
History
Before Arkæo became it's own nation, It was a part of larger country know Verkhazi. This nation was a gloabal superpower in the continent of Se'Ashiran and ruled the Verkhazi Empire. However, eventually through fierce resistance from it's enemies, The Khamuhiyot Nation, the empire faced eventual collapse, and the nation was split into two; one nation became Arkhæo, and the other became Chanar /'ʃænaɹ/
Ålkavat (alphabet)
The Arkéan Language uses three writings systems:
- The Ålkavat Romaźa Ålfyśa (Official Romanization Alphabet), used for teaching and informal writing.
- The Ålkavat Cyrylys Ålfyśa (Official Cyrillic Alphabet), used for formal writing.
- The Ålkavat Arkéoskij Ålfyśa (Official Arkhean Alphabet) is used for "sacred" writings, government documents, and sometimes very formal writing. The name of the script is derived from the first four letters of Arkhéan's ancestor language, Verkhaza. The letters were Ál, Ka, Vāw and Hīt.
Phonology
Arkhean Language contains a large phonemic inventory. Most of the sounds it contains are shared with many Slavic languages, as well as sharing palatal secondary articulation. This language also contains a phoneme not found in any native language, the lateral trill, which is represented by the IPA as /ɺ͡r/ and Orthographically as <Ŀ ŀ>.
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | ɨ | u |
Close-mid | e | o | |
Mid | ə | ||
Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
Open | a |
IPA | Letter | Example |
---|---|---|
Monopthongs | ||
a | a | bra,father, cot, bad |
e | e | bet |
ɛ | é | bay, face |
o | o | road |
ɔ | ó | or, for, cot |
u | u | zoo |
ə | ë | under |
i | i | bee |
ɨ | y | roses |
Dipthongs | ||
aj | aj | cry |
ɔj | oj | boy, joy |
- Vowel "A" becomes /ə/ when unstressed.
IPA | letters | Example |
---|---|---|
ɪər | ýr | ear, fear |
ɛər | ĕr | air, fair |
ɔr | or | for, pour |
ɛr | yr | butter |
Allophony Arkhean Allophony only occurs with vowels:
- /æ/ is an allophone of /a/, word initially and before /l/, and occurs after /ɬ/ and /ɮ/.
- /ɐ/ is an allophone of /ə/ when followed by plosives.
- /ɪ/ is an allophone of /ɨ/ when it is word-initial.
Consonants
Bilabial | Labio-
Dental |
Alveolar | Post-
Alveolar |
(Aveolo)-
Palatal |
Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
hard | soft | hard | soft | hard | soft | hard | soft | |||||
Nasal | m | mʲ | n | ɲ | ||||||||
Stop | p b | pʲ bʲ | t d | tʲ dʲ | k ɡ | kʲ ɡʲ | ||||||
Affricate | t͡s d͡z | t͡sʲ d͡zʲ | t͡ʃ d͡ʒ | [t͡ɕ d͡ʑ] | ||||||||
Fricative | f v | fʲ vʲ | s z | sʲ zʲ | ʃ ʒ | [ɕ ʑ] | x [ɣ] | χ [ʁ] | h | |||
Approximant | ɹ~ɾ [1] | j | ||||||||||
Lateral Approximant | l | |||||||||||
Lateral Trill | ɺ͡r |
- ↑ The Arkhéan <R r> can be either an Alveolar Approximant [ɹ] or an Alveolar Tap [ɾ], as both consonant sounds are used in Free-Variation, meaning they can be used interchangeably without changing the meaning of the word, and only relies on the preference of the speaker.
IPA | Letter | Example
(in english) |
---|---|---|
m | m | met |
mʲ | mj | music |
n | n | name |
ɲ | ň | new |
p | p | pot |
pʲ | pj | pure |
b | b | ban |
bʲ | bj | no english equvalent |
t | t | tan |
tʲ | tj | no english equivalent |
r | r | ran, red, rot, car |
d | d | dad |
dʲ | dj | dew, adeiu |
k | k | sky |
kʲ | kj | cute |
x | ǩ | loch |
g | g | gone |
gʲ | gj | argue |
d͡ʒ | dž | judge |
d͡ʑ | dź | no english equivalent |
f | f | fat |
fʲ | fj | fjord |
v | v | van |
ts | c | bats |
tsʲ | cj | no english equivalent |
s | s | sun |
sʲ | sj | no english equivalent |
z | z | zeal |
zʲ | zj | somewhat like in zeal |
ʃ | š | shun |
ʒ | ž | beige |
ʑ | ź | pleasure |
h | h | head |
l | l | lad |
ɺ͡r | ŀ | no english equivalent |
tʃ | č | cheese |
χ | ȟ | no english equivalent |
d͡z | dz | beds |