Univax: Difference between revisions

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Phonetic doodle inspired by a [[ZBB]] discussion about the "sound of polar languages" (from [[Aleut]] to [[Icelandic]]). Just to be contrary, I'm putting it in Sahara.
Phonetic doodle inspired by a [[ZBB]] discussion about the "sound of polar languages" (from [[Aleut]] to [[Icelandic]]). Just to be contrary, I'm putting it in Sahara.


'''Consonants''' (phonemic)
===Phoneme inventory===
'''Consonants'''
{|
{|
| p || t || || c || k
| p || t || || c || k
Line 14: Line 15:
|}
|}


'''Vowels''' (phonemic)
'''Vowels'''
{|
{|
! colspan="4"| Non-back
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="3"| Back
! colspan="3"| Short
! colspan="3"| Long
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| <small>Short</small>
! <small>Front</small>
! colspan="2"| <small>Long</small>
! <small>Centr.</small>
! <small>Short</small>
! <small>Back</small>
! colspan="2"| <small>Long</small>
! <small>Front</small>
! <small>Centr.</small>
! <small>Back</small>
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
| i || ʉ
! Hi
| iː || ʉː
| i || ʉ || u
| u
| iː || ʉː || uː
| colspan="2"| uː
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
| colspan="2"| ə
! Non-hi
| colspan="2"| ej
| || ə || ɑ
| ɑ
| || || ɑː
| ɑː|| ɑw
|}
|}


'''Allophony'''
'''Difthongs''' consist of a non-hi vowel + glide: '''front''' əj<!--ej?-->, '''back''' ɑw.
 
===Allophony===
* /k x/ backed to [q χ] before a back vowel or after one before a consonant
* /k x/ backed to [q χ] before a back vowel or after one before a consonant
* All non-palatal consonants palatalized before /i/; dentals change to full palatals
* /ʉ ə/ (either length) fronted to [y e] before a palatal consonant or an /i/ in the folloing syllable
* /θ/ is lamino-interdental, /t n̥ n l/ are apico-dental, except apico-alveolar before /i/, /s r/ are apico-alveolar, /c ɲ̊ ɲ/ are lamino-postalveolar
* /θ/ is lamino-interdental, /t n̥ n l/ are apico-dental, except apico-alveolar before /i/, /s r/ are apico-alveolar, /c ɲ̊ ɲ/ are lamino-postalveolar
* /θ x/ voiced to [ð ɣ~ʁ] between voiced sounds and initially
* /θ x/ voiced to [ð ɣ~ʁ] between voiced sounds and initially
* /s/ voiced to /z/ only intervocally & if the next consonant is also voiced
** Equivalently, one may consider these phonemically voiced /ð ɣ/, devoiced to [θ x~χ] adjacent to voiceless consonants and word-finally
* /s/ voiced to [z] only intervocally & if the next consonant is also voiced
** eg. /kisim/ [kizim], but /kisi/ [kisi], /kisixat/ [kisiχɑt̪]
** eg. /kisim/ [kizim], but /kisi/ [kisi], /kisixat/ [kisiχɑt̪]


===Structure===
'''Cluster table''' (obstruent-initials only for now):
'''Cluster table''' (obstruent-initials only for now):


Line 52: Line 56:
! p
! p
| || pt || pc || || || ps || px
| || pt || pc || || || ps || px
| || pn̥? || pɲ̊? || || || || || ||
| || pnh? || pñh? || || || || || ||
|-
|-
! t
! t
| tp || || || tk || || || tx
| tp || || || tk || || || tx
| tm̥ || || || || || || tʋ || ||  
| tmh || || || || || || tv || ||  
|-
|-
! c
! c
| cp || || || ck || || || cx
| cp || || || ck || || || cx
| cm̥ || || || || || || cʋ || ||
| cmh || || || || || || cv || ||
|-
|-
! k
! k
| kp || kt || kc || || || ||
| kp || kt || kc || || || ||
| km̥ || kn̥? || kɲ̊? || || || || kʋ || || ||
| kmh || knh? || kñh? || || || || kv || || ||
|-
|-
! θ
! θ
| θp || || || θk || || || θx
| ŧp || || || ŧk || || || ŧx
| θm̥ || θn̥? || θɲ̊? || ðm || || || ðʋ || ðl || ðr
| ŧmh || ŧnh? || ŧñh? || ŧm || || || ŧv || ŧl || ŧr
|-
|-
! x
! x
| xp || xt || xc || || xθ || xs ||
| xp || xt || xc || || xŧ || xs ||
| xm̥ || xn̥? || xɲ̊? || ɣm || ɣn || ɣɲ || ɣʋ || ||
| xmh || xnh? || xñh? || xm || xn || xñ || xv || ||
|}
|}


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(so what's this in terms of feet? (C)V(V/C)(C)CV(C/V)(CV)(V/C)(CV)(V/C) I think?)
(so what's this in terms of feet? (C)V(V/C)(C)CV(C/V)(CV)(V/C)(CV)(V/C) I think?)


'''Flavor test'''
==Grammar==
* seriutvalem [ˌseriˈut̪ʋɑl̪əm]
Person markers:
* standalone pronouns sŋ. ''xuu suu uu'' [ʁuː(l) suː(l) uː(l)], pl. ''xusar tesar vaar'' [ʁusɑr t̪əsɑr ʋɑːr] <!-- xu-sa-r, tə-sa-r, va-va-r; tə- former demonstrativ base-->
** possessivs sŋ. ''xakta sakta vakta'' [ʁɑqt̪ɑ sɑqt̪ɑ ʋɑqt̪ɑ], pl. xaŧer saŧer vaŧer [ʁɑðər sɑðər ʋɑðər] <!-- *Catrə -->
* subject markers sŋ. ''-xa -sa -va'', pl. ''-x -s -u'' <!-- *xə sə və < *Ce < *Ca-j < ... -->
<!--* object markers [-k -t -n] > benefactiv, ?, indicativ-->
 
===Flavor test===
* seriutvalem [ˌseriˈut̪ʋɑl̪əm] ''(not difthongal due to foot breik)''
* kaarhuxmet [ˈqɑːrhuʁmət̪]
* kaarhuxmet [ˈqɑːrhuʁmət̪]
* terakvaasuxmit [ˌt̪ərɑqʋɑːˈzuʁmit̪] ''(* do we have an '''-uxmit'''/'''-uxmet''' suffix here?)''
* terakvaasuxmit [ˌt̪ərɑqʋɑːˈzuʁmit̪] ''(do we have an '''-uxmit'''/'''-uxmet''' suffix here?)''
* zykurpyycuu [ˌðʉqurˈpyːcuː]
* ŧykurpyycuu [ˌðʉqurˈpʉːcuː]
* uñiivacxamhyykap [ˌuɲiːʋɑcχɑˈm̥ʉːqɑp]
* uñiivacxamhyykap [ˌuɲiːʋɑcχɑˈm̥ʉːqɑp] ''(perhaps tripedal)''
* xarvytxaanaa [ˌʁɑrʋʉˈt̪χɑːn̪ɑː]
* xarvytxaanaa [ˌʁɑrʋʉˈt̪χɑːn̪ɑː]
* yzkyr cepesak [ˈʉθkʉr ˈcəpəsɑq]
* yŧkyr cepesak [ˈʉθkʉr ˈcəpəsɑq]
* kepuut sinikau suvatpeti [kəˈpuːt̪ ˈsiniqaw suʋɑt̪peti]
* kepuut sinikau suvatpeti [kəˈpuːt̪ ˈsiniqaw suˈʋɑt̪pəti]
* tylpyraktiipii [t̪ʉl̪pʉrɑqˈciːpiː]
* tylpyraktiipii [ˌt̪ʉl̪pʉrɑqˈtiːpiː]
*
* aŧrun kuulacxun [ˈɑðrun̪ quːˈl̪ɑcχun̪]
 
[[Category:Earth']]

Latest revision as of 11:51, 19 March 2014

Phonetic doodle inspired by a ZBB discussion about the "sound of polar languages" (from Aleut to Icelandic). Just to be contrary, I'm putting it in Sahara.

Phoneme inventory

Consonants

p t c k
θ s x
m̥ n̥ ɲ̊ h
m n ɲ
ʋ l r j

Vowels

Short Long
Front Centr. Back Front Centr. Back
Hi i ʉ u iː ʉː uː
Non-hi ə ɑ ɑː

Difthongs consist of a non-hi vowel + glide: front əj, back ɑw.

Allophony

  • /k x/ backed to [q χ] before a back vowel or after one before a consonant
  • /θ/ is lamino-interdental, /t n̥ n l/ are apico-dental, except apico-alveolar before /i/, /s r/ are apico-alveolar, /c ɲ̊ ɲ/ are lamino-postalveolar
  • /θ x/ voiced to [ð ɣ~ʁ] between voiced sounds and initially
    • Equivalently, one may consider these phonemically voiced /ð ɣ/, devoiced to [θ x~χ] adjacent to voiceless consonants and word-finally
  • /s/ voiced to [z] only intervocally & if the next consonant is also voiced
    • eg. /kisim/ [kizim], but /kisi/ [kisi], /kisixat/ [kisiχɑt̪]

Structure

Cluster table (obstruent-initials only for now):

1st ↓ · 2nd → p t c k θ s x m̥ n̥ ɲ̊ m n ɲ ʋ l r
p pt pc ps px pnh? pñh?
t tp tk tx tmh tv
c cp ck cx cmh cv
k kp kt kc kmh knh? kñh? kv
θ ŧp ŧk ŧx ŧmh ŧnh? ŧñh? ŧm ŧv ŧl ŧr
x xp xt xc xŧ xs xmh xnh? xñh? xm xn xñ xv

Coda /s/ occurs only word-finally.

Stress

  • Level 1 (usually 2ndary) stress falls on the initial syllable, unless immediately pretonic
  • Level 2 (usually primary) stress falls on
    • the rightmost superhevvy syllable, if there is one
    • otherwise the rightmost non-final hevvy syllable, if there is one

(so what's this in terms of feet? (C)V(V/C)(C)CV(C/V)(CV)(V/C)(CV)(V/C) I think?)

Grammar

Person markers:

  • standalone pronouns sŋ. xuu suu uu [ʁuː(l) suː(l) uː(l)], pl. xusar tesar vaar [ʁusɑr t̪əsɑr ʋɑːr]
    • possessivs sŋ. xakta sakta vakta [ʁɑqt̪ɑ sɑqt̪ɑ ʋɑqt̪ɑ], pl. xaŧer saŧer vaŧer [ʁɑðər sɑðər ʋɑðər]
  • subject markers sŋ. -xa -sa -va, pl. -x -s -u

Flavor test

  • seriutvalem [ˌseriˈut̪ʋɑl̪əm] (not difthongal due to foot breik)
  • kaarhuxmet [ˈqɑːrhuʁmət̪]
  • terakvaasuxmit [ˌt̪ərɑqʋɑːˈzuʁmit̪] (do we have an -uxmit/-uxmet suffix here?)
  • ŧykurpyycuu [ˌðʉqurˈpʉːcuː]
  • uñiivacxamhyykap [ˌuɲiːʋɑcχɑˈm̥ʉːqɑp] (perhaps tripedal)
  • xarvytxaanaa [ˌʁɑrʋʉˈt̪χɑːn̪ɑː]
  • yŧkyr cepesak [ˈʉθkʉr ˈcəpəsɑq]
  • kepuut sinikau suvatpeti [kəˈpuːt̪ ˈsiniqaw suˈʋɑt̪pəti]
  • tylpyraktiipii [ˌt̪ʉl̪pʉrɑqˈtiːpiː]
  • aŧrun kuulacxun [ˈɑðrun̪ quːˈl̪ɑcχun̪]
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