Яжык Аркеоский (Jažyk Arkéoskij): Difference between revisions

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{| class="wikitable"
! IPA
! Letters 
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| aɪ
| æy
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| wɑ
| joi
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| ɔr
| uar
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*Latin Letter "C" is pronounced solely like /s/
*Latin Letter "C" is pronounced solely like /s/
*Latin Letter "H" is mute at the begginning of words and after consonants "k", and before and after "d".
*Latin Letter "H" is mute at the begginning of words and after consonants "k", and before and after "d".
====Digraphs====
{| class="wikitable"
  ! IPA
  ! Letters 
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  | aɪ
  | æy
  |-
  | wɑ
  | joi
  |-
  | ɔr
  | uar
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= Morphology =
= Morphology =

Revision as of 19:07, 16 September 2013


Arkhæn [ɑr.'keɪ.ɨn] or Arkhæo [ɑr.'keɪ.oʊ] is a language spoken by the nation of Arkhæo. The language has gone through many chnges and spelling reforms, and it will continue to evolve.

History

Before Arkæo became it's own nation, It was a part of larger country know Verkhazi. This nation was a gloabal superpower in the continent of Se'Ashiran and ruled the Verkhazi Empire. However, eventually through fierce resistance from it's enemies, The Khamuhiyot Nation, the empire faced eventual collapse, and the nation was split into two; one nation became Arkhæo, and the other became Chanar /'ʃɑnɑr/

Álkavāht (alphabet)

The Arkæn Alphabet is known as the Álkavāht, the name of which came from the first four letters of Arkhæn's predecessor, Valerjao[væl'ɛrwoʊ̯]. The letters were Ál, Ka, Vāw and Hit. The script consists of 30 letters, 9 of which are vowels.

Phonology

Listed below are the phonetics as they are pronounced in roman script.

Vowels

Vowel Chart

Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
Close i u
Near-close ɪ ʊ
Close-mid e o
Mid ə
Open-mid ɛ ɐ ɔ
Near-open æ
Open ɑ ɒ


Phonemes

IPA Letter Example
Monopthongs
ɑ and ɒ a bra,father, lot, cot
æ á tap, bat, bad
ɛ e bet
e ĕ bay, face
i cry
o o road
ʌ u strut
u ų zoo
j y yet
i ý bee
Dipthongs
æ bay

Allophony

Vowels "A" and "U" become /ə/ when unstressed.
Vowels "Y" and "I" become /ɪ/ when unstressed

Digraphs

IPA letters
ɪəɹ ier
ɛəɹ eir
jɪ or iː² ii

²Ii can also sound like /iː/ only if it is not at the beggining of a word.

Consonants

Bilabial Labio-

Dental

Dental Alveolar Post-

Alveolar

(Aveolo)-

Palatal

Velar Labial-

Velar

Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n
Plosive p b t d k g
Affricate d͡z d͡ʒ
Fricative f v θ¹ s z ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ χ h
Approximant ɹ j
Lateral l
₁the phonemic sound /θ/ is virtually non-existant, with its occurence only being in a handful of words.
² the phonemic sound /w/ only exists in the trigraph "joi" for historical reasons
IPA Letter Example

(in english)

m m met
n n name
p p pot
b b ban
t t tan
ɹ r ran, red, rot, car
d d dad
k k sky
g g gone
d͡ʒ j judge
f f fat
v v van
θ th math
s s sun
z z zeal
ʃ ch shun
ʒ or ʑ pleasure
h h head
w w went
l l lad
ɕ sh she
χ ȟ ȟomyk (home)
d͡z dz beds
  • Latin Letter "C" is pronounced solely like /s/
  • Latin Letter "H" is mute at the begginning of words and after consonants "k", and before and after "d".

Digraphs

IPA Letters
æy
joi
ɔr uar

Morphology

Verbal Morphology

Personal Endings

Arkhæo distinguishes four persons, 3 tenses:

Persons

  • 1st person; the speaker(s): I, we
  • 2nd person; the adressee(s): you(singular) you(plural)
  • 3rd person; other(s): he, she, they;
  • Noun; things, ideas, etc.: it;

Tenses

  • Past: reports what already happened
  • Present: reports what is happening
  • Future: reports what is going to happen in the future

Grammar

Word Order

Basic word order is subject–verb–object. In a noun phrase demonstratives come first, but adjectives¹, possessor and prepositional phrases all follow the noun:

kýham grevat strong boy (kýham man, grevat great)
kýat bænam good cat (kýat cat, bænam good)
zar sjoird this sword (zar this, sjoird sword)
zir kakatas that cactus (zir that, kakatas cactus)

¹some adjectives pertaining to physical properties (example: colour, and texture) of objects precede the noun.

Adverbs come after verbs:

merkhii ábenam makes quickly (merkhii makes, ábenam quickly)

the three tenses

The affixes are added to the verb depending on whether the word ends in a consonant or vowel.

Consonant Tenses

Past: -am
Present: -a
Future: -ų

Vowel Tenses

Past: -kro
Present: -ba
Future: -kų

Different Modes

listed below are affixes depending on the mode of the verb and, like above, whether the verb ends in a consonant or a vowel. The words in bracket are the english equivalent.

Consonant Mood

Imperfect potential (could): -ųzĕ
Perfect Potential (can): -ago
Obligation (must): -ata
Permission (May): -iat
Possibility (May): -iam
Conditional Possibility (might): -ajų
Conditional (would): -ado
Conditional Obligation (should) –aja


Vowel Mood

Imperfect potential (could) -jĕ
Perfect Potential (can): -jan
Obligation (must): -jii
Permission (May): -jiat
Possibility (May): -jiam
Conditional Possibility (might): -jų
Conditional (would): -do
Conditional Obligation (should): -tso