Kala thematic lexicon: Difference between revisions

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{{Kala 2}}
{{Kala 2}}


{{wip}}
''See also'': [[Kala lexicon|''Kala Lexicon'']]
 
= numbers =
 
== cardinal numbers ==
 
*'''e'o''' - zero; null
*'''na'o''' - one
*'''ta'o''' - two
*'''ha'o''' - three
*'''ma'o''' - four
*'''ya'o''' - five
*'''tsa'o''' - six
*'''ka'o''' - seven
*'''pa'o''' - eight
*'''sa'o''' - nine
*'''ue'o''' - ten
-
*'''nye'o''' - (one) hundred; 10<sup>2</sup>
*'''nya'o''' - five hundred
*'''tle'o''' - (one) thousand; 10<sup>3</sup>
*'''mue'o''' - ten thousand; 10<sup>4</sup>
*'''kye'o''' - (one) hundred thousand; 10<sup>5</sup>
*'''nte'o''' - (one) million; 10<sup>6</sup>
*'''hue'o''' - (one) billion; 10<sup>9</sup>
 
== higher numbers ==
 
* '''uena'o''' - eleven / 11
* '''taue'o''' - twenty / 20
* '''nyeka'o''' - one hundred seven / 107
* '''hanyetauetsa'o''' (''long form'') | '''hatatsa'o''' (''short form'') - three hundred twenty six / 326
* '''tsatletauema'o''' - six thousand and twenty four / 6024
 
== ordinals, negatives, fractions etc. ==
 
* '''ki'''- - ordinal prefix
:Example : '''kisa'o''' - ninth (in a sequence)
:Example : '''kiyanyepa'o''' - 508<sup>th</sup>
 
* '''ti'''- - multiple prefix
:Example : '''tisa'o''' - nine times
:Example : '''tiyanyepa'o''' - 508 times
 
* '''i'''- - fractional prefix
:Example : '''isa'o''' - a ninth, 1/9
:Example : '''iha'o pa'oyo''' - three eighths, 3/8
 
* -'''k''' - negative/subtractive suffix
:Example : '''sa'ok''' - negative nine (-9)
:Example : '''ue'o ma sa'ok na'o a''' - 10 and -9 is 1
 
= pronouns =
 
* [[Kala]] generally distinguishes four persons, the fourth person indicating abstract and inanimate nouns – both in the singular and plural numbers.
* There is also a distinction between inclusive (I/we and you) and exclusive (we but not you) forms of the first person plural.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:500px;"
|-
! || Nominative || Accusative || Possessive || Reflexive || Reciprocal
|-
| {{sc|1sg}}
|| '''na''' || '''ena''' || '''nayo''' || '''na'i''' || ''' '''
|-
| {{sc|2sg}}
|| '''ta''' || '''eta''' || '''tayo''' || '''ta'i''' || ''' '''
|-
| {{sc|3sg}}
|| '''ha''' || '''eha''' || '''hayo''' || '''ha'i''' || ''' '''
|-
| {{sc|4sg}}
|| '''tla''' || '''etla''' || '''tlayo''' || '''tla'i''' || ''' '''
|-
| {{sc|1pl}}
|| '''nam''' || '''enam''' || '''namyo''' || '''nami''' || '''nanku'''
|-
| {{sc|1pl.excl}}
|| '''na'am''' || '''ena'am''' || '''na'amyo''' || '''na'ami''' || '''na'anku'''
|-
| {{sc|2pl}}
|| '''tam''' || '''etam''' || '''tamyo''' || '''tami''' || '''tanku'''
|-
| {{sc|3pl}}
|| '''kam''' || '''ekam''' || '''kamyo''' || '''kami''' || '''kanku'''
|-
| {{sc|4pl}}
|| '''tlam''' || '''etlam''' || '''tlamyo''' || '''tlami''' || '''tlanku'''
|-
|}
 
= time =
 
* '''ama''' - occasion, time
* '''aye''' - past
** '''-ye''' - previous; last
* '''ima''' - present
* '''atli''' - future
** '''-tli''' - next: X to come
* '''sanya''' - second
* '''punu''' - minute
* '''tsima''' - hour
* '''yotso''' - midday, noon
* '''huatso''' - midnight
* '''yoma''' - day
* '''yomua''' - morning
* '''puama''' - evening
* '''yohua''' - night
* '''sema''' - week
* '''sayo''' - month
** '''-nye''' - X month
* '''anyo''' - year
* '''uenyo''' - decade
* '''nyema''' - century
* '''tlenyo''' - millenia
* '''amaha''' - era, epoch
 
== seasons ==
 
* '''muasa''' - season
* '''kueta''' - spring (rainy season)
* '''natsu''' - summer (dry season)
* '''aki''' - autumn; fall (harvest season)
* '''neku''' - winter (snowy season)
 
== months ==
 
* '''sayom''' - Months
 
* '''na'onye''' - January
* '''ta'onye''' - February
* '''ha'onye''' - March
* '''ma'onye''' - April
* '''ya'onye''' - May
* '''tsa'onye''' - June
* '''ka'onye''' - July
* '''pa'onye''' - August
* '''sa'onye''' - September
* '''ue'onye''' - October
* '''uenanye''' - November
* '''uetanye''' - December
 
== days of the week ==
 
* '''yomalo semayo''' - Days of the Week
 
* '''yomaya''' - Monday
* '''tsayoma''' - Tuesday
* '''kayoma''' - Wednesday
* '''nayoma''' - Thursday
* '''tayoma''' - Friday
* '''hayoma''' - Saturday
* '''mayoma''' - Sunday
 
= color =
 
* '''sahi''' - color; pigment; hue
* '''nyome''' - beige; tan
* '''oya''' - black
* '''nila''' - blue
* '''malo''' - brown
* '''tsalo''' - clear; transparent
* '''kitsa''' - dark
** '''-ha''' - dark; intense; deep
* '''mono''' - fair, blond
* '''ola''' - gold
* '''kono''' - gray
* '''kuya''' - green
* '''tsenka''' - orange
* '''-hi''' - pale
* '''nyeli; elila''' - pink
* '''tlila''' - purple
* '''ketla; akai'''  - red
** '''-kai''' - red
* '''kini''' - silver
* '''nyahi''' - white
* '''yana''' - yellow
 
= family =
 
* '''tlika''' - family; clan; kin
* '''ntaha''' - ancestor; elder
* '''nata''' - relative; family member
 
* '''tlaka''' - man; male
* '''naka''' - woman; female
 
* '''tlaya''' - marry; marriage; wed
** '''-ya''' - in-law; related by marriage
* '''ntaya''' - spouse
* '''taya''' - husband
* '''naya''' - wife
 
* '''nta'i''' - baby; infant
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:600px;"
|  || '''nata''' (nta)<br>relative || '''tlaka''' (ta)<br>male || '''naka''' (na)<br>female
|-
| '''hya-''' || '''hyanta'''<br>grandparent || '''hyata'''<br>grandfather || '''hyana'''<br>grandmother
|-
| '''o-''' || '''onta'''<br>parent || '''ota'''<br>father || '''ona'''<br>mother
|-
| '''ue-''' || '''uenta'''<br>parent's sibling || '''ueta'''<br>uncle || '''uena'''<br>aunt
|-
| '''-ku''' || '''ntaku'''<br>sibling || '''taku'''<br>brother || '''naku'''<br>sister
|-
| '''-hi''' || '''ntahi'''<br>child || '''tahi'''<br>son || '''nahi'''<br>daughter
|-
| '''-hya''' || '''ntahya'''<br>grandchild || '''tahya'''<br>grandson || '''nahya'''<br>granddaughter
|-
| '''-ue''' || '''ntaue'''<br>cousin || '''taue'''<br>(male) cousin || '''naue'''<br>(female) cousin
|-
| '''-hue''' || '''ntahue'''<br>[[Wiktionary:nibling|nibling]] || '''tahue'''<br>nephew || '''nahue'''<br>niece
|}
 
= animals =
 
* '''pato''' - duck; male prostitute (slang)
* '''panya''' - a rodent (rat, rabbit etc)
* '''peka''' - flying fox; fruit bat (Pteroptidae); bat
* '''pili''' - hyena
* '''piyo''' - bee; honeybee
* '''poti''' - goat; billy goat; ram
* '''poka''' - Phocidae, family within Carnivora including seal
* '''pukue''' - blowfish (Tetraodontidae); puffer
* '''puetsa''' - octopus; mantis egg nest
* '''pyaka''' - tiger
* '''pyoho''' - louse, tick, mite, flea
* '''tanka''' - eagle; falcon; hawk
* '''teli''' - ass; donkey; mule
* '''tilo''' - shark [and related species]
* '''tona''' - tuna
* '''kinti''' - squirrel
* '''kina''' - mammal
* '''kili''' - giraffe
* '''koni''' - skunk
* '''kupe''' - tick; arthropod
* '''kupu''' - butterfly
* '''kuma''' - bear; ursine
* '''kutsi''' - shrimp; prawn
* '''kuami''' - eel; any fish of the order Anguilliformes
* '''kuatla''' - snake; reptile
* '''kyotlo''' - coyote
* '''mpeka''' - frog; toad
* '''mpelo''' - buzzard
* '''mpuni''' - ostrich
* '''mano''' - fowl; chicken; poultry
* '''masa''' - deer; elk; cervine
* '''mita''' - dog; canine
* '''molo''' - cod
* '''nkahi''' - shellfish; lobster; crustacean
* '''nkoyo''' - sheep
* '''nase''' - spider; arachnid
* '''neko''' - cat; feline
* '''nyamu''' - mosquito; fly
* '''nyanku''' - whale
* '''nyolo''' - ant; insect
* '''sani''' - wasp
* '''sikua''' - pig; hog; swine; pork
* '''simpu''' - mussel; oyster; clam
* '''sinka''' - lion
* '''suaki''' - hare; rabbit
* '''haya''' - animal; beast
* '''honu''' - turtle; sea turtle
* '''husa''' - goose
* '''tsanko''' - monkey; ape; primate
* '''tsikua''' - bird; avian
* '''tsola''' - fox; Vulpes
* '''tsunka''' - insect; bug; worm
* '''tsuhi''' - panther; leopard
* '''tsuene''' - baboon
* '''tsuyo''' - armadillo
* '''tlakua''' - snail; slug; mole cricket
* '''tlinka''' - herring
* '''tloma''' - feather; plumage; plume
* '''tlohi''' - salmon; trout
* '''tlo'o''' - elephant
* '''ala''' - fin; wing
* '''eua''' - fin; appendage of a fish
* '''oku''' - owl
* '''otso''' - wolf; lupine
* '''ole''' - shell; carapace; crust; husk; casing
* '''uma''' - horse; equine
* '''unta''' - camel
* '''utla''' - otter
* '''uaka''' - ox; cow; bull; bovine; cattle
* '''uani''' - alligator; crocodile
* '''uatsi''' - fish
* '''yasu''' - buffalo; bison
* '''yotsu''' - larva; grub
 
= anatomy =
 
* '''keha''' - body; corpse
* '''ana''' - head; brain
** '''anya''' - eye
** '''anu''' - ear
** '''ampu''' - nose
 
= toponyms =
 
* '''yolopa''' - Europe
** '''palansa''' - France
** '''amenya''' - Germany
** '''itali''' - Italy
 
* '''ameyo''' - America
** '''mehiko''' - Mexico
** '''[[Kala_lexicon#ha|tlihanya]] ameyo''' - USA
 
* '''asiya''' - Asia
** '''nihono''' - Japan
** '''tsunkuya''' - China


= Index =
= Index =

Revision as of 03:55, 13 September 2013


See also: Kala Lexicon

numbers

cardinal numbers

  • e'o - zero; null
  • na'o - one
  • ta'o - two
  • ha'o - three
  • ma'o - four
  • ya'o - five
  • tsa'o - six
  • ka'o - seven
  • pa'o - eight
  • sa'o - nine
  • ue'o - ten

-

  • nye'o - (one) hundred; 102
  • nya'o - five hundred
  • tle'o - (one) thousand; 103
  • mue'o - ten thousand; 104
  • kye'o - (one) hundred thousand; 105
  • nte'o - (one) million; 106
  • hue'o - (one) billion; 109

higher numbers

  • uena'o - eleven / 11
  • taue'o - twenty / 20
  • nyeka'o - one hundred seven / 107
  • hanyetauetsa'o (long form) | hatatsa'o (short form) - three hundred twenty six / 326
  • tsatletauema'o - six thousand and twenty four / 6024

ordinals, negatives, fractions etc.

  • ki- - ordinal prefix
Example : kisa'o - ninth (in a sequence)
Example : kiyanyepa'o - 508th
  • ti- - multiple prefix
Example : tisa'o - nine times
Example : tiyanyepa'o - 508 times
  • i- - fractional prefix
Example : isa'o - a ninth, 1/9
Example : iha'o pa'oyo - three eighths, 3/8
  • -k - negative/subtractive suffix
Example : sa'ok - negative nine (-9)
Example : ue'o ma sa'ok na'o a - 10 and -9 is 1

pronouns

  • Kala generally distinguishes four persons, the fourth person indicating abstract and inanimate nouns – both in the singular and plural numbers.
  • There is also a distinction between inclusive (I/we and you) and exclusive (we but not you) forms of the first person plural.
Nominative Accusative Possessive Reflexive Reciprocal
1sg na ena nayo na'i
2sg ta eta tayo ta'i
3sg ha eha hayo ha'i
4sg tla etla tlayo tla'i
1pl nam enam namyo nami nanku
1pl.excl na'am ena'am na'amyo na'ami na'anku
2pl tam etam tamyo tami tanku
3pl kam ekam kamyo kami kanku
4pl tlam etlam tlamyo tlami tlanku

time

  • ama - occasion, time
  • aye - past
    • -ye - previous; last
  • ima - present
  • atli - future
    • -tli - next: X to come
  • sanya - second
  • punu - minute
  • tsima - hour
  • yotso - midday, noon
  • huatso - midnight
  • yoma - day
  • yomua - morning
  • puama - evening
  • yohua - night
  • sema - week
  • sayo - month
    • -nye - X month
  • anyo - year
  • uenyo - decade
  • nyema - century
  • tlenyo - millenia
  • amaha - era, epoch

seasons

  • muasa - season
  • kueta - spring (rainy season)
  • natsu - summer (dry season)
  • aki - autumn; fall (harvest season)
  • neku - winter (snowy season)

months

  • sayom - Months
  • na'onye - January
  • ta'onye - February
  • ha'onye - March
  • ma'onye - April
  • ya'onye - May
  • tsa'onye - June
  • ka'onye - July
  • pa'onye - August
  • sa'onye - September
  • ue'onye - October
  • uenanye - November
  • uetanye - December

days of the week

  • yomalo semayo - Days of the Week
  • yomaya - Monday
  • tsayoma - Tuesday
  • kayoma - Wednesday
  • nayoma - Thursday
  • tayoma - Friday
  • hayoma - Saturday
  • mayoma - Sunday

color

  • sahi - color; pigment; hue
  • nyome - beige; tan
  • oya - black
  • nila - blue
  • malo - brown
  • tsalo - clear; transparent
  • kitsa - dark
    • -ha - dark; intense; deep
  • mono - fair, blond
  • ola - gold
  • kono - gray
  • kuya - green
  • tsenka - orange
  • -hi - pale
  • nyeli; elila - pink
  • tlila - purple
  • ketla; akai - red
    • -kai - red
  • kini - silver
  • nyahi - white
  • yana - yellow

family

  • tlika - family; clan; kin
  • ntaha - ancestor; elder
  • nata - relative; family member
  • tlaka - man; male
  • naka - woman; female
  • tlaya - marry; marriage; wed
    • -ya - in-law; related by marriage
  • ntaya - spouse
  • taya - husband
  • naya - wife
  • nta'i - baby; infant
nata (nta)
relative		 tlaka (ta)
male		 naka (na)
female
hya- hyanta
grandparent		 hyata
grandfather		 hyana
grandmother
o- onta
parent		 ota
father		 ona
mother
ue- uenta
parent's sibling		 ueta
uncle		 uena
aunt
-ku ntaku
sibling		 taku
brother		 naku
sister
-hi ntahi
child		 tahi
son		 nahi
daughter
-hya ntahya
grandchild		 tahya
grandson		 nahya
granddaughter
-ue ntaue
cousin		 taue
(male) cousin		 naue
(female) cousin
-hue ntahue
nibling		 tahue
nephew		 nahue
niece

animals

  • pato - duck; male prostitute (slang)
  • panya - a rodent (rat, rabbit etc)
  • peka - flying fox; fruit bat (Pteroptidae); bat
  • pili - hyena
  • piyo - bee; honeybee
  • poti - goat; billy goat; ram
  • poka - Phocidae, family within Carnivora including seal
  • pukue - blowfish (Tetraodontidae); puffer
  • puetsa - octopus; mantis egg nest
  • pyaka - tiger
  • pyoho - louse, tick, mite, flea
  • tanka - eagle; falcon; hawk
  • teli - ass; donkey; mule
  • tilo - shark [and related species]
  • tona - tuna
  • kinti - squirrel
  • kina - mammal
  • kili - giraffe
  • koni - skunk
  • kupe - tick; arthropod
  • kupu - butterfly
  • kuma - bear; ursine
  • kutsi - shrimp; prawn
  • kuami - eel; any fish of the order Anguilliformes
  • kuatla - snake; reptile
  • kyotlo - coyote
  • mpeka - frog; toad
  • mpelo - buzzard
  • mpuni - ostrich
  • mano - fowl; chicken; poultry
  • masa - deer; elk; cervine
  • mita - dog; canine
  • molo - cod
  • nkahi - shellfish; lobster; crustacean
  • nkoyo - sheep
  • nase - spider; arachnid
  • neko - cat; feline
  • nyamu - mosquito; fly
  • nyanku - whale
  • nyolo - ant; insect
  • sani - wasp
  • sikua - pig; hog; swine; pork
  • simpu - mussel; oyster; clam
  • sinka - lion
  • suaki - hare; rabbit
  • haya - animal; beast
  • honu - turtle; sea turtle
  • husa - goose
  • tsanko - monkey; ape; primate
  • tsikua - bird; avian
  • tsola - fox; Vulpes
  • tsunka - insect; bug; worm
  • tsuhi - panther; leopard
  • tsuene - baboon
  • tsuyo - armadillo
  • tlakua - snail; slug; mole cricket
  • tlinka - herring
  • tloma - feather; plumage; plume
  • tlohi - salmon; trout
  • tlo'o - elephant
  • ala - fin; wing
  • eua - fin; appendage of a fish
  • oku - owl
  • otso - wolf; lupine
  • ole - shell; carapace; crust; husk; casing
  • uma - horse; equine
  • unta - camel
  • utla - otter
  • uaka - ox; cow; bull; bovine; cattle
  • uani - alligator; crocodile
  • uatsi - fish
  • yasu - buffalo; bison
  • yotsu - larva; grub

anatomy

  • keha - body; corpse
  • ana - head; brain
    • anya - eye
    • anu - ear
    • ampu - nose

toponyms

  • yolopa - Europe
    • palansa - France
    • amenya - Germany
    • itali - Italy
  • ameyo - America
  • asiya - Asia
    • nihono - Japan
    • tsunkuya - China

Index

grammar outline | sentences | questions | lexicon | thematic lexicon | writing
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