Яжык Аркеоский (Jažyk Arkéoskij)

Arkhæn [ɑr.'keɪ.ɨn] or Arkhæo [ɑr.'keɪ.oʊ] is a language spoken by the nation of Arkhæo. The language has gone through many chnges and spelling reforms, and it will continue to evolve.

History

Before Arkæo became it's own nation, It was a part of larger country know Veirkhazi. This nation was a gloabal superpower in the continent of Se'Ashiran and consisted of two lands which were called "khamych" (large land;states or province). Eventually, the two khamychi within the country wanted to be independant of each other, thus the Nation of Veirkhazi was split into two countries, one became Arkhæo and the other became Chanar ['ʃɑn.ɑr]. Both countries are very good allies of one another and most of their economy is reliant on the trade between them.

Writing System

Arkæn has it's own writing script, which is called the Alkavăht, the name of which came from the first four letters of Arkhæn's predecessor, Verkhajao. The letters were Al, Ka, Va and Hit. The script consists of 31 letters, 9 of which are vowels.

Table Below shows the letters:

In addition to both the Arkhæn Script and the Romanized Script there are 6 letters that are used between the two writing systems:

IPA	Letter	Name
zɑ	ẃ	Zaw
piː	ṗ	Pii
kiː	ḳ	Kii
dd	ḥ	Dhăk
ʃ	ẋ	Shii
mɑ	ḿ	Maz

Phonology

Listed below are the phonetics as they are pronounced in roman script.

Vowels

Phonemes

	Front	Near-front	Central	Near-back	Back
Close
Near-close
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open

IPA	Letter	Example
Monopthongs
ɑ	a	bra or father
ɛ	e	bet
j¹ or aɪ	i	yet/cry
oʊ	o	road
ə	u	bum
uː	ɯ	zoo
ɪ	y	tin
iː	ý	bee
Dipthongs
eɪ	æ	bay
ɪə	ie	fear
ɛə	ei	fair
aɪ	ai and æy	cry

¹Letter "I" makes a /j/ sound primarily only between vowels , otherwise the letter is pronounced as /aɪ/. Example: leiiet ("loyal") is pronounced as <leɪ'jɛt> because it is between vowels "i" and "e" whereas in the word vælhigan is pronounced <veɪlhaɪgɑn>, the "i" is between the consonants "h" and "g".

Allophony

• Letter "A" can also be pronounced as /æ/ like the "a" in "tap".
• Letter "U" can also be pronounced as /ʌ/ like the "u" in "cut" or "strut".
• Letter "Y" can also sound like /ɛr/ if it is the first letter and beside an r, example "yrgăm".
• Letter "Ý" can also sound like /ɪə/ like the "EA" in "EAr". (e.g. Mýr(my) as "mɪər" or english "mere")

Digraphs

IPA	letters
jɪ or iː²	ii
wɑ	joi
ɔr	uar

²Ii can also sound like /iː/ only if it is not at the beggining of a word.

Diacretic

The letter "A" with a breve (Ă) denotes that the letter is pronounced as /ɔ/ like in "lawn"

The letter "E" with a breve (Ĕ) denotes that the letter is pronounced as /ɛə/ like in "air" or "fair"

Consonants

	Bilabial	Labio- Dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post- Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Labial- Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m			n			ŋ
Plosive	p b			t d			k g
Affricate					dʒ
Fricative		f v	θ	s z	ʃ ʒ				h
Approximant				r		j		w
Lateral				l

The consonants of the language is roughly the same as in English, with the exception of letter "C" and "H".

• Latin Letter "C" is pronounced solely like /s/
• Latin Letter "H" is mute at the begginning of words and after consonants "k", "d" and "m" and "n".
• Latin Ligature "ʦ" is a ligature that represents the /ts/ sound.
• Letter "Jza": Dz(miniscule dz)is pronounced as /ʒ/ the "s" in "pleasure"
• Letter "Shii": Ẋ (miniscule ẋ) is pronounced as /ʃ/ or the "sh" in "shun"

Digraphs

IPA	letters
zɑ	ẃ
piː	ṗ
kiː	ḳ
dh³	ḥ
mɑ	ḿ

³Letter Dhăk: Ḥ (miniscule ḥ) is equivalent to the digraphs "dh" or "dd", which denotes that the preceding vowel is short.

Morphology

Verbal Morphology

Personal Endings

Arkhæo distinguishes four persons, 3 tenses:

Persons

• 1st person; the speaker(s): I, we
• 2nd person; the adressee(s): you(singular) you(plural)
• 3rd person; other(s): he, she, they;
• Noun; things, ideas, etc.: it;

Tenses

• Past: reports what already happened
• Present: reports what is happening
• Future: reports what is going to happen in the future

Grammar

Tenses

In the Past Tense:

the suffix -en for words that end in consonants and -jen for vowels. This suffix would be equivalent to -ed in english but this applies for all verbs except for:

The verb "to be" the past tense for "ta"(am) would be "tan" (was), and for ir(are) would be ira(were).

words that end in nasal consonants, n and m, they would have the suffix -a.

In Present Tense:

all verbs stay the way they are.

In Future Tense:

The suffix -a for words that end in consonants and the suffix -n for wors that end in vowels, these suffixes would be equivalent tothe suffix -ing.

Distant Past Tense

The distant past tense is rarely used in conversations and it is used mainly for referring to actions or things that have been done a while ago and histories(referencing historical texts for example).

Words would contain the prefix ja- for words that start with consonants and jek- for words that start with vowels. This suffix is equival.ent to "awhile ago" or "a long time ago". example: "I did my work a long time ago" would be "ja-Ze adren myr joirk" or "A long time ago, I finished my work" in english.

Prefixes and suffixes are never capitalized.

Word Order

The typical word order of Arkhæn is that of the Subject-Verb-Object(SVO) word order.

Things to note:

• Infinite verbs (will, may ,might, shall, etc.) always come after the finite verb (such as learn, know, run, etc.).

Example, to say "I will unleash my power, it would be translated as "Zĕ zarev ashrɯd myr kædii" which would then be translated as "I unleash will my power"

Another example: "I might know this" would be said as "Zĕ joikăn măhdƜ zar" or "I know might this."

• Adverbs occur after the verb e.g. for " I easily saw him in that bush, it would be: "Zĕ zolysen iimii hæmo rƴz zir budzen" (I saw-easily him in that bush)

Asking Questions in the language

• The Prefix "ki-" ('kaɪ) for consonants and "k-" lets the listener know that a question is being posed. These prefixes do not have to be used, as they are usually used for formality.

Also, with reversing the verb and the subject the verb and the first two letters of the subject(aside from h) are combined. (e.g. ir [conjugated from takad meaning "(to)be"] + kadh [singular, meaning "you"] = irka [meaning you are/are you].

Together with the prefix it would be: "k-Irka?" ('k-ɪərkɑ) meaning "are you?"

More examples:

• Am I?

ki-Tazĕ

Some verbs are excepted from this rule like the verb "ashrɯd" [meaning "will"]

Takad

• Is he?

k-Azut

Ashrɯd meaning "will":

• Will I?

ki-Rɯzĕ (ruːzeɪ)

• Will You?

ki-Rɯko (ruːkoʊ)

• Will He?

ki-Rɯju (ruːdʒuː)

• Will She?

ki-Rɯshi (ruːʃiː)

• Will It?

ki-Rɯna (ruːzɑ)

• Will They?

ki-Rɯho (ruːhoʊ)