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| The circumflex comes from the Greek alphabet where it marked pitch. It was originally a combination of [[Natlang_Uses_of_Acute_Accent|acute]] and [[Natlang_Uses_of_Grave_Accent|grave accent]].[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumflex#Pitch] Note that the circumflex is easily confused with the similar looking [[Natlang_Uses_of_Inverted_Breve|inverted breve]] ◌̑.
| | #REDIRECT [[Circumflex]] |
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| == Circumflex in Unicode ==
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+ Precomposed Letters with Circumflex
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| | style="font-size:180%" | ^ || style="font-size:180%" | ˆ || style="font-size:180%" | ◌̂ || style="font-size:180%" | Â || style="font-size:180%" | â || style="font-size:180%" | Ấ || style="font-size:180%" | ấ || style="font-size:180%" | Ầ || style="font-size:180%" | ầ || style="font-size:180%" | Ẩ || style="font-size:180%" | ẩ || style="font-size:180%" | Ẫ || style="font-size:180%" | ẫ
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| | U+005E || U+02C6 || U+0302 || U+00C2 || U+00E2 || U+1EA4 || U+1EA5 || U+1EA6 || U+1EA7 || U+1EA8 || U+1EA9 || U+1EAA || U+1EAB
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| | Circumflex Accent || Modifier Letter Circumflex Accent || Combining Circumflex Accent || Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex || Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex || Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Acute || Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Acute || Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Grave || Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Grave || Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Hook Above || Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Hook Above || Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Tilde || Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Tilde
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| | colspan="3" | '''Note:''' May be confused with Modifier Letter Up Arrowhead, ˄ (U+02C4); or Up Arrowhead, ⌃ (U+2303). || || || || || || || || || ||
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| | style="font-size:180%" | Ậ || style="font-size:180%" | ậ || style="font-size:180%" | Ĉ || style="font-size:180%" | ĉ || style="font-size:180%" | Ê || style="font-size:180%" | ê || style="font-size:180%" | Ế || style="font-size:180%" | ế || style="font-size:180%" | Ề || style="font-size:180%" | ề || style="font-size:180%" | Ể || style="font-size:180%" | ể || style="font-size:180%" | Ễ
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| | U+1EAC || U+1EAD || U+0108 || U+0109 || U+00CA || U+00EA || U+1EBE || U+1EBF || U+1EC0 || U+1EC1 || U+1EC2 || U+1EC3 || U+1EC4
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| | Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Dot Below || Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Dot Below || Latin Capital Letter C With Circumflex || Latin Small Letter C With Circumflex || Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex || Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex || Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Acute || Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Acute || Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Grave || Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Grave || Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Hook Above || Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Hook Above || Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Tilde
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| | style="font-size:180%" | ễ || style="font-size:180%" | Ệ || style="font-size:180%" | ệ || style="font-size:180%" | Ĝ || style="font-size:180%" | ĝ || style="font-size:180%" | Ĥ || style="font-size:180%" | ĥ || style="font-size:180%" | Î || style="font-size:180%" | î || style="font-size:180%" | Ĵ || style="font-size:180%" | ĵ || style="font-size:180%" | Ô || style="font-size:180%" | ô
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| | U+1EC5 || U+1EC6 || U+1EC7 || U+011C || U+011D || U+0124 || U+0125 || U+00CE || U+00EE || U+0134 || U+0135 || U+00D4 || U+00F4
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| | Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Tilde || Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Dot Below || Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Dot Below || Latin Capital Letter G With Circumflex || Latin Small Letter G With Circumflex || Latin Capital Letter H With Circumflex || Latin Small Letter H With Circumflex || Latin Capital Letter I With Circumflex || Latin Small Ltter I With Circumflex || Latin Capital Letter J With Circumflex || Latin Small Letter J With Circumflex || Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex || Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex
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| | style="font-size:180%" | Ố || style="font-size:180%" | ố || style="font-size:180%" | Ồ || style="font-size:180%" | ồ || style="font-size:180%" | Ổ || style="font-size:180%" | ổ || style="font-size:180%" | Ỗ || style="font-size:180%" | ỗ || style="font-size:180%" | Ộ || style="font-size:180%" | ộ || style="font-size:180%" | Ŝ || style="font-size:180%" | ŝ || style="font-size:180%" | Û
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| | U+1ED0 || U+1ED1 || U+1ED2 || U+1ED3 || U+1ED4 || U+1ED5 || U+1ED6 || U+1ED7 || U+1ED8 || U+1ED9 || U+015C || U+015D || U+00DB
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| | Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Acute || Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Acute || Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Grave || Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Grave || Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Hook Above || Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Hook Above || Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Tilde || Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Tilde || Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Dot Below || Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Dot Below || Latin Capital Letter S With Circumflex || Latin Small Letter S With Circumflex || Latin Capital Letter U With Circumflex
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| | style="font-size:180%" | û || style="font-size:180%" | Ŵ || style="font-size:180%" | ŵ || style="font-size:180%" | Ŷ || style="font-size:180%" | ŷ || style="font-size:180%" | Ẑ || style="font-size:180%" | ẑ
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| | U+00FB || U+0174 || U+0175 || U+0176 || U+0177 || U+1E90 || U+1E91
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| | Latin Small Letter U With Circumflex || Latin Capital Letter W With Circumflex || Latin Small Letter W With Circumflex || Latin Capital Letter Y With Circumflex || Latin Small Letter Y With Circumflex || Latin Capital Letter Z With Circumflex || Latin Small Letter Z With Circumflex
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| |}
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| == Natlang Examples ==
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+ Uses of Circumflex
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| ! Usage
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| ! Language
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| ! Letters
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| ! Notes
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| |-
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| | [[Wikipedia:Central_vowel|Central vowel]]
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| | [[Wikipedia:Moldovan_language|Moldovan]], [[Wikipedia:Romanian_language|Romanian]]
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| | Ââ /ɨ/, Îî /ɨ/
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| | Ââ and Îî both stand for the same sound, but Ââ is used word-internally, and Îî initially and finally. Exceptions are compound words and proper nouns.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_alphabet#Special_letters]
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| | [[Wikipedia:Diphthong|Diphthong]]
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| | [[Wikipedia:Slovak_language|Slovak]]
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| | Ôô /u̯o/
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| | Long vowel with low [[Wikipedia:Pitch_accent|pitch]]
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| | [[Wikipedia:Slovene_language|Slovene]] (orthography with tonal accentuation)
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| | Ââ /àː/, Êê /ɛ̀ː/, Ệệ /èː/, Îî /ìː/, Ôô /ɔ̀ː/, Ộộ /òː/, Ûû /ùː/
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| | [[Natlang_Uses_of_Inverted_Breve|Inverted breve]] may be used instead of circumflex. These letters are not used in the standard orthography of Slovene, but in language materials.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovene_language#Prosody]
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| | rowspan=2 | Raised vowel
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| | [[Wikipedia:Slovene_language|Slovene]] (orthography with dynamic accentuation)
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| | Êê /ˈeː/, Ôô /ˈoː/
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| | The circumflex marks that these vowel are stressed, long, and mid-close instead of mid-open. These letters are not used in the standard orthography of Slovene, but in language materials.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovene_language#Prosody]
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| | [[Wikipedia:Vietnamese_language|Vietnamese]]
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| | Ââ /ə˧/, Ấấ /ə˧˥/, Ầầ /ə̤˨˩/, Ẩẩ /ə˧˩˧/, Ẫẫ /əˀ˧˥/, Ậậ /ə̰ʔ˧˨/, Êê /e˧/, Ếế /e˧˥/, Ềề /e̤˨˩/, Ểể /e˧˩˧/, Ễễ /eˀ˧˥/, Ệệ /ḛʔ˧˨/, Ôô /o˧/, Ốố /o˧˥/, Ồồ /o̤˨˩/, Ổổ /o˧˩˧/, Ỗỗ /oˀ˧˥/, Ộộ /o̰ʔ˧˨/
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| | Generally, unaccented Aa, Ee, Oo stand for /aː, ɛ, ɔ/. There are many exceptions to the phonemic value of all these letters though.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_orthography#Pronunciation]
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| |}
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| == See Also ==
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| *[[Natlang_Uses_of_Diacritics_in_the_Latin_Alphabet|Natlang Uses of Diacritics in the Latin Alphabet]]
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| *[[Natlang_Uses_of_Circumflex_Below|Natlang Uses of Circumflex Below]]
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| *[[Natlang_Uses_of_Inverted_Breve|Natlang Uses of Inverted Breve]]
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| [[Category:Natscripts]]
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