Kala Verbs: Difference between revisions
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! tense || suffix || gloss || example | ! tense || suffix || gloss || example | ||
|- | |- | ||
| remote past || '''- | | remote past || '''-kue''' || REM || '''nam inakue'''<br>We ate a long while ago. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| recent past || '''- | | recent past || '''-nye''' || REC || '''nam inanye'''<br>We just ate. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| past || '''-ye''' || PST || '''nam inaye'''<br>We ate. | | past || '''-ye''' || PST || '''nam inaye'''<br>We ate. | ||
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| future || '''-tli''' || FUT || '''nam inatli'''<br>We will eat. | | future || '''-tli''' || FUT || '''nam inatli'''<br>We will eat. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| immediate future || '''- | | immediate future || '''-ku''' || IMM || '''nam inaku'''<br>We will eat soon/now. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| distant future || '''- | | distant future || '''-sue''' || DIS || '''nam inasue'''<br>We will eat a long while from now. | ||
|} | |} | ||
* Kala does not distinguish perfect and imperfect aspects of the verb (e.g. "I ate", "I used to eat", "I have eaten", "I had eaten"). | * Kala does not distinguish perfect and imperfect aspects of the verb (e.g. "I ate", "I used to eat", "I have eaten", "I had eaten"). |
Revision as of 03:10, 20 April 2013
verbs
- A typical verb denotes the occurrence or abandonment of an action (run, stop), a relationship (have, lose), or a state (stand, melt). Most verbs can be reused without change as a noun.
tense
tense | suffix | gloss | example |
---|---|---|---|
remote past | -kue | REM | nam inakue We ate a long while ago. |
recent past | -nye | REC | nam inanye We just ate. |
past | -ye | PST | nam inaye We ate. |
present | not marked | nam ina We eat. / We are eating. / We do eat. | |
future | -tli | FUT | nam inatli We will eat. |
immediate future | -ku | IMM | nam inaku We will eat soon/now. |
distant future | -sue | DIS | nam inasue We will eat a long while from now. |
- Kala does not distinguish perfect and imperfect aspects of the verb (e.g. "I ate", "I used to eat", "I have eaten", "I had eaten").
- If a temporal adverb is used, the tense suffix may be omitted.
- Example: We ate yesterday.
yomaye nam ina day-pst 1pl eat
modifiers
usage | suffix | from | example |
---|---|---|---|
ability, can | -pa | pala to be able, can |
na yalapa I am able to go. |
attempt, try | -pya | upya to attempt; to try |
na yalapya I am trying to leave. |
negation | -k | nke no, not; negative |
na yalak I am not going. |
beginning, initiate | -mu | mula start; begin |
na yalamu I begin to go. / I'm starting to leave. |
permission; allow | -myo | myonta to allow; permit |
na yalamyo I am allowed to go. |
should, ought to | -ne | neya should, to ought to |
na yalane I should go. |
need, necessity | -he | heya to need; require |
na yalahe I need to go. |
deintensify | -hi | ahi small; little |
na inahi I am snacking. |
appear, seem | -tse | tse'e to seem; appearance |
ha yalatse He seems to be going. |
want, desire | -ue | ueha to want; desire |
na yalaue I want to go. |
intention, volition | -ue | ueyo to intend to |
na yalaue I intend to go. |