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{{Workinprogress}}
Lingua tonale:


'''Nytal''' is a costructed fantasy language, born to be isolated and not related to any linguistic family in the world.
* a: tono neutro alto [<sub>4-4</sub>]
* ā: tono neutro basso [<sub>2-2</sub>]
* à: tono discendente [<sub>5-2</sub>]
* á: tono ascendente [<sub>3-5</sub>]
* â: tono ascendente-discendente [<sub>2-5-4</sub>]


==Phonology and Pronounce==
Nome della lingua: '''kôt'''


===Basical pronounce===
Suffissi personali:<br>
Io: '''-tên-'''<br>
Tu: '''-kśȳn-'''<br>
Egli: '''-fót-'''<br>
Noi (incl): '''-mar-'''<br>
Noi (escl): '''-rrejn-'''<br>
Voi: '''-kîś-'''<br>
Io: '''-fnàt-'''<br>


* '''''a''''' = like '''a''' in ''father''
Suffissi verbali:<br>
'''ve-''': imperfettivo<br>
'''fjô-''': perfettivo<br>
'''sá-''': ripetitivo<br>
'''ćû-''': continuo<br>


* '''''b''''' = as in English
'''ku-''': passato<br>
'''ci-''': passato arcaico<br>
'''lê-''': passato momentaneo<br>
'''łok-''': futuro<br>
'''ljúq-''': futuro remoto<br>


* '''''c''''' = always like '''ch''' in ''church''
'''s-''': imperativo<br>
'''lōv-''': imperativo di cortesia<br>


* '''''d''''' = as in English
'''tók-''': volitivo<br>
'''peć-''': causativo<br>
'''ná-''': incoativo<br>
'''ûc-''': continuativo<br>
'''kjêv-''': terminativo<br>
'''lun-''': ottativo<br>
'''nâ-''': renarrativo<br>
'''bē-''': dubitativo<br>


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
 
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em"
'''mô-''': interrogativo<br>
| style="font-size: 90%;" | [[Place of articulation]] →
'''pô-''': passivo<br>
! colspan=2 | [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
'''so-''': riflessivo<br>
! colspan=4 | [[Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
 
! colspan=4 | [[Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
'''gł-''': negativo<br>
! colspan=4 | [[Radical consonant|Radical]]
 
! colspan=2 | [[Glottal consonant|(none)]]
Suffissi nominali:<br>
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 3em"
'''a-''': determinativo<br>
| style="font-size: 90%;" | [[Manner of articulation]] ↓
'''kôl-''': quello<br>
! style="width: 4em;" | [[Bilabial consonant|Bi&shy;la&shy;bial]]
'''suź-''': questo<br>
! style="width: 4em;" | [[Labiodental consonant|La&shy;bio&#x2010;<br/>den&shy;tal]]
 
! style="width: 4em;" | [[Dental consonant|Den&shy;tal]]
La casa è grande: '''arrýnćûpûl''': ''DET + casa + CONT + grande''<br>
! style="width: 4em;" | [[Alveolar consonant|Al&shy;veo&shy;lar]]
Ho letto un bel libro: '''fjôkumîtmûłtlêtên''': ''PERF + PASS + libro + bellezza + lettura + io''<br>
! style="width: 4em;" | [[Postalveolar consonant|Post&#x2010;<br/>al&shy;veo&shy;lar]]
Avete letto quel libro?: '''môvekukôlmîttlêkîś''': ''QUES + IMPERF + PASS + quello + libro + lettura + voi''<br>
! style="width: 4em;" | [[Retroflex consonant|Re&shy;tro&#x2010;<br/>flex]]
Questo libro è bello: '''suźmîtćûmûł''': ''questo + libro + CONT + bellezza''<br>
! style="width: 4em;" | [[Palatal consonant|Pa&shy;la&shy;tal]]
Questo libro non è bello: '''suźmîtćûgłmûł''': ''questo + libro + CONT + bellezza''<br>
! style="width: 4em;" | [[Velar consonant|Ve&shy;lar]]
Non credo/Dubito che questo libro sia bello: '''suźmîtbēćûmûł''': ''questo + libro + DUBIT + CONT + bellezza''<br>
! colspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Uvular consonant|Uvu&shy;lar]]
Dicono che questo libro non sia bello: '''suźmîtnâćûgłmûł''': ''questo + libro + RENARR + CONT + NEG + bellezza''<br>
! colspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Pharyngeal consonant|Pha&shy;ryn&#x2010;<br/>geal]]
Vogliamo comprare quel libro: '''vetókkôlmîtbréźrrejn''': ''IMPERF + VOLIT + quello + libro + compr + noi(escl)''<br>
! colspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Epiglottal consonant|Epi&#x2010;<br/>glot&shy;tal]]
Piove: '''vefrenśàg''': ''IMPERF + pioggia + caduta''<br>
! colspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Glottal consonant|Glot&shy;tal]]
Comincia a piove: '''vefrennáśàg''': ''IMPERF + INCOAT + pioggia + caduta''<br>
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
Sembra che continui a piovere: '''veûcfrennâśàg''': ''IMPERF + CONTINUATIVO + pioggia + RENARR + caduta''<br>
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
Vorrei che smettesse di piovere: '''fjôtókkjêvfrenśàgtên''': ''PERF + VOLITIVO + TERMINATIVO + pioggia + + caduta + IO''<br>
| class="nounderlines" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[bilabial nasal|{{IPA|m}}]]
 
| class="nounderlines" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[labiodental nasal|{{IPA|ɱ}}]]
* '''bréź''': acquisto
| class="nounderlines" colspan="3" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[alveolar nasal|{{IPA|n}}]]
* '''fren''': pioggia
| class="nounderlines" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[retroflex nasal|{{IPA|ɳ}}]]
* '''kôt''': lingua kôt
| class="nounderlines" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[palatal nasal|{{IPA|ɲ}}]]
* '''mît''': libro
| class="nounderlines" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[velar nasal|{{IPA|ŋ}}]]</span>
* '''mûł''': essere bello
| class="nounderlines" colspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[uvular nasal|{{IPA|ɴ}}]]
* '''pûl''': essere grande
| class="nounderlines" colspan="6" style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;
* '''rrýn''': casa
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
* '''śàg''': caduta
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | [[Plosive consonant|Plosive]]
* '''tlê''': lettura
| class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless bilabial plosive|{{IPA|p}}]] [[voiced bilabial plosive|{{IPA|b}}]]
| class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless labiodental plosive|*]] [[voiced labiodental plosive|*]]
| class="nounderlines" colspan="3" |[[voiceless alveolar plosive|{{IPA|t}}]] [[voiced alveolar plosive|{{IPA|d}}]]
| class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless retroflex plosive|{{IPA|ʈ}}]] [[voiced retroflex plosive|{{IPA|ɖ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless palatal plosive|{{IPA|c}}]] [[voiced palatal plosive|{{IPA|ɟ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless velar plosive|{{IPA|k}}]] [[voiced velar plosive|{{IPA|ɡ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" colspan="2" | [[voiceless uvular plosive|{{IPA|q}}]] [[voiced uvular plosive|{{IPA|ɢ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" colspan="2" | [[epiglottal plosive|{{IPA|ʡ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" style="width: 1em;" | [[glottal stop|{{IPA|ʔ}}]]
| style="width: 1em; background:#ccc" | &nbsp;
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless bilabial fricative|{{IPA|ɸ}}]] [[voiced bilabial fricative|{{IPA|β}}]]
| class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless labiodental fricative|{{IPA|f}}]] [[voiced labiodental fricative|{{IPA|v}}]]
| class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless dental fricative|{{IPA|θ}}]] [[voiced dental fricative|{{IPA|ð}}]]
| class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless alveolar fricative|{{IPA|s}}]] [[voiced alveolar fricative|{{IPA|z}}]]
| class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless postalveolar fricative|{{IPA|ʃ}}]] [[voiced postalveolar fricative|{{IPA|ʒ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless retroflex fricative|{{IPA|ʂ}}]] [[voiced retroflex fricative|{{IPA|ʐ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless palatal fricative|{{IPA|ç}}]] [[voiced palatal fricative|{{IPA|ʝ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless velar fricative|{{IPA|x}}]] [[voiced velar fricative|{{IPA|ɣ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" style="width: 1em;" | [[voiceless uvular fricative|{{IPA|χ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" rowspan="2" style="width: 1em;" | [[voiced uvular fricative|{{IPA|ʁ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" style="width: 1em;" | [[voiceless pharyngeal fricative|{{IPA|ħ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" rowspan="2" style="width: 1em;" | [[voiced pharyngeal fricative|{{IPA|ʕ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" style="width: 1em;" | [[voiceless epiglottal fricative|{{IPA|ʜ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" rowspan="2" style="width: 1em;" | [[voiced epiglottal fricative|{{IPA|ʢ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[voiceless glottal fricative|{{IPA|h}}]] [[voiced glottal fricative|{{IPA|ɦ}}]]
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | [[Approximant consonant|Approx&shy;imant]]
| class="nounderlines" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[bilabial approximant|{{IPA|β̞}}]]
| class="nounderlines" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[labiodental approximant|{{IPA|ʋ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" colspan="3" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[alveolar approximant|{{IPA|ɹ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[retroflex approximant|{{IPA|ɻ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[palatal approximant|{{IPA|j}}]]
| class="nounderlines" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[velar approximant|{{IPA|ɰ}}]]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | [[Trill consonant|Trill]]
| class="nounderlines" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[bilabial trill|{{IPA|ʙ}}]]
|
| class="nounderlines" colspan="3" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[alveolar trill|{{IPA|r}}]]
| class="nounderlines" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[retroflex trill|{{IPA|*}}]]
|
| class="nounderlines" style="background:#ccc" |
| class="nounderlines" colspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[uvular trill|{{IPA|ʀ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |
| class="nounderlines" colspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[epiglottal trill|*]]
| class="nounderlines" colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | [[Flap consonant|Tap or Flap]]
|  class="nounderlines" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[bilabial flap|*]]
| class="nounderlines" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Image:Labiodental flap (Gentium).png|10px|Labiodental flap]][[labiodental flap|<sup>†</sup>]]
| class="nounderlines" colspan="3" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[alveolar tap|{{IPA|ɾ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[retroflex flap|{{IPA|ɽ}}]]
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="background:#ccc" |
| class="nounderlines" colspan="2" | &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" colspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[epiglottal flap|*]]
| class="nounderlines" colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | [[Lateral consonant|Lateral Fricative]]
| class="nounderlines" colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |
| class="nounderlines" colspan="3" | [[voiceless alveolar lateral fricative|{{IPA|ɬ}}]] [[voiced alveolar lateral fricative|{{IPA|ɮ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless retroflex lateral fricative|*]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless palatal lateral fricative|*]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless velar lateral fricative|*]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" colspan="2" | &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" colspan="7" style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | [[Lateral consonant|Lateral Approx&shy;imant]]
| class="nounderlines" colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |
| class="nounderlines" colspan="3" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[alveolar lateral approximant|{{IPA|l}}]]
| class="nounderlines" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[retroflex lateral approximant|{{IPA|ɭ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[palatal lateral approximant|{{IPA|ʎ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[velar lateral approximant|{{IPA|ʟ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" colspan="2" | &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" colspan="7" style="background:#ccc" |
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | [[Lateral consonant|Lateral Flap]]
| class="nounderlines" colspan=2 style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" colspan=3 | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[alveolar lateral flap|{{IPA|ɺ}}]]
| class="nounderlines" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[retroflex lateral flap|*]]
| class="nounderlines" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[palatal lateral flap|*]]
| class="nounderlines" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[velar lateral flap|*]]
| class="nounderlines" colspan="2" | &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" colspan="7" style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;
|}

Latest revision as of 10:06, 4 March 2013

Lingua tonale:

  • a: tono neutro alto [4-4]
  • ā: tono neutro basso [2-2]
  • à: tono discendente [5-2]
  • á: tono ascendente [3-5]
  • â: tono ascendente-discendente [2-5-4]

Nome della lingua: kôt

Suffissi personali:
Io: -tên-
Tu: -kśȳn-
Egli: -fót-
Noi (incl): -mar-
Noi (escl): -rrejn-
Voi: -kîś-
Io: -fnàt-

Suffissi verbali:
ve-: imperfettivo
fjô-: perfettivo
sá-: ripetitivo
ćû-: continuo

ku-: passato
ci-: passato arcaico
lê-: passato momentaneo
łok-: futuro
ljúq-: futuro remoto

s-: imperativo
lōv-: imperativo di cortesia

tók-: volitivo
peć-: causativo
ná-: incoativo
ûc-: continuativo
kjêv-: terminativo
lun-: ottativo
nâ-: renarrativo
bē-: dubitativo


mô-: interrogativo
pô-: passivo
so-: riflessivo

gł-: negativo

Suffissi nominali:
a-: determinativo
kôl-: quello
suź-: questo

La casa è grande: arrýnćûpûl: DET + casa + CONT + grande
Ho letto un bel libro: fjôkumîtmûłtlêtên: PERF + PASS + libro + bellezza + lettura + io
Avete letto quel libro?: môvekukôlmîttlêkîś: QUES + IMPERF + PASS + quello + libro + lettura + voi
Questo libro è bello: suźmîtćûmûł: questo + libro + CONT + bellezza
Questo libro non è bello: suźmîtćûgłmûł: questo + libro + CONT + bellezza
Non credo/Dubito che questo libro sia bello: suźmîtbēćûmûł: questo + libro + DUBIT + CONT + bellezza
Dicono che questo libro non sia bello: suźmîtnâćûgłmûł: questo + libro + RENARR + CONT + NEG + bellezza
Vogliamo comprare quel libro: vetókkôlmîtbréźrrejn: IMPERF + VOLIT + quello + libro + compr + noi(escl)
Piove: vefrenśàg: IMPERF + pioggia + caduta
Comincia a piove: vefrennáśàg: IMPERF + INCOAT + pioggia + caduta
Sembra che continui a piovere: veûcfrennâśàg: IMPERF + CONTINUATIVO + pioggia + RENARR + caduta
Vorrei che smettesse di piovere: fjôtókkjêvfrenśàgtên: PERF + VOLITIVO + TERMINATIVO + pioggia + + caduta + IO

  • bréź: acquisto
  • fren: pioggia
  • kôt: lingua kôt
  • mît: libro
  • mûł: essere bello
  • pûl: essere grande
  • rrýn: casa
  • śàg: caduta
  • tlê: lettura
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