User:Bukkia/sandbox: Difference between revisions

From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
No edit summary
 
(84 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{WIP}}
Lingua tonale:
'''Slevian''' is a costructed language, created to be related to the Slavic languages' family.


Differently from most Slavic languages, but similar to Bulgarian and Macedonian languages, it losts all the original cases, and developed a definite and indefinite article (but set before its substantive). Differently from Bulgarian and Macedonian it has a semplified verbal system.
* a: tono neutro alto [<sub>4-4</sub>]
* ā: tono neutro basso [<sub>2-2</sub>]
* à: tono discendente [<sub>5-2</sub>]
* á: tono ascendente [<sub>3-5</sub>]
* â: tono ascendente-discendente [<sub>2-5-4</sub>]


It is written with the '''''Latin Alphabet''''', but can be adapted to the '''Cyrillic''' one.
Nome della lingua: '''kôt'''


==Phonology==
Suffissi personali:<br>
Io: '''-tên-'''<br>
Tu: '''-kśȳn-'''<br>
Egli: '''-fót-'''<br>
Noi (incl): '''-mar-'''<br>
Noi (escl): '''-rrejn-'''<br>
Voi: '''-kîś-'''<br>
Io: '''-fnàt-'''<br>


===Vowels===
Suffissi verbali:<br>
'''ve-''': imperfettivo<br>
'''fjô-''': perfettivo<br>
'''sá-''': ripetitivo<br>
'''ćû-''': continuo<br>


Slevian has a reduced vocalic system, with only six vowels:
'''ku-''': passato<br>
'''ci-''': passato arcaico<br>
'''lê-''': passato momentaneo<br>
'''łok-''': futuro<br>
'''ljúq-''': futuro remoto<br>


{| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding=0 style="text-align:left; background:transparent;"
'''s-''': imperativo<br>
|- style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller;"
'''lōv-''': imperativo di cortesia<br>
| style="width:70px; text-align:right;" |
| style="width:60px;" | '''Front'''
| style="width:60px;" | '''Near-front'''
| style="width:60px;" | '''Central'''
| style="width:60px;" | '''Near-back'''
| style="width:60px;" | '''Back'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Close'''
| style="height:210px;" colspan=5 rowspan=7 | <div style="position:relative;"><div style="background:transparent; position:absolute; top:0px; left:0px;">
{| style="position:relative; width:300px; height:210px; text-align:right; background:transparent;"
|-
| style="width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:transparent;" |


<!-- CLOSE VOWELS -->
'''tók-''': volitivo<br>
<div style="position:absolute; left:5%; width:2.33em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
'''peć-''': causativo<br>
{{IPA|i}}</div>
'''ná-''': incoativo<br>
<div style="position:absolute; left:45%; width:2.33em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">&nbsp;
'''ûc-''': continuativo<br>
{{IPA|ɨ}}</div>
'''kjêv-''': terminativo<br>  
<div style="position:absolute; left:83%; width:3em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
'''lun-''': ottativo<br>
{{IPA|u}}</div>
'''nâ-''': renarrativo<br>
'''bē-''': dubitativo<br>


<!-- NEAR-CLOSE VOWELS -->


<!-- CLOSE-MID VOWELS -->
'''mô-''': interrogativo<br>
'''pô-''': passivo<br>
'''so-''': riflessivo<br>


<!-- MID VOWELS -->
'''gł-''': negativo<br>


Suffissi nominali:<br>
'''a-''': determinativo<br>
'''kôl-''': quello<br>
'''suź-''': questo<br>


<!-- OPEN-MID VOWELS -->
La casa è grande: '''arrýnćûpûl''': ''DET + casa + CONT + grande''<br>
<div style="position:absolute; left:31%; width:2.66em; top:58%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
Ho letto un bel libro: '''fjôkumîtmûłtlêtên''': ''PERF + PASS + libro + bellezza + lettura + io''<br>
{{IPA|ɛ}}</div>
Avete letto quel libro?: '''môvekukôlmîttlêkîś''': ''QUES + IMPERF + PASS + quello + libro + lettura + voi''<br>
<div style="position:absolute; left:84%; width:2.33em; top:58%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
Questo libro è bello: '''suźmîtćûmûł''': ''questo + libro + CONT + bellezza''<br>
{{IPA|ɔ}}</div>
Questo libro non è bello: '''suźmîtćûgłmûł''': ''questo + libro + CONT + bellezza''<br>
Non credo/Dubito che questo libro sia bello: '''suźmîtbēćûmûł''': ''questo + libro + DUBIT + CONT + bellezza''<br>
Dicono che questo libro non sia bello: '''suźmîtnâćûgłmûł''': ''questo + libro + RENARR + CONT + NEG + bellezza''<br>
Vogliamo comprare quel libro: '''vetókkôlmîtbréźrrejn''': ''IMPERF + VOLIT + quello + libro + compr + noi(escl)''<br>
Piove: '''vefrenśàg''': ''IMPERF + pioggia + caduta''<br>
Comincia a piove: '''vefrennáśàg''': ''IMPERF + INCOAT + pioggia + caduta''<br>
Sembra che continui a piovere: '''veûcfrennâśàg''': ''IMPERF + CONTINUATIVO + pioggia + RENARR + caduta''<br>
Vorrei che smettesse di piovere: '''fjôtókkjêvfrenśàgtên''': ''PERF + VOLITIVO + TERMINATIVO + pioggia + + caduta + IO''<br>


<!-- NEAR-OPEN VOWELS -->
* '''bréź''': acquisto
 
* '''fren''': pioggia
 
* '''kôt''': lingua kôt
<!-- OPEN VOWELS -->
* '''mît''': libro
<div style="position:absolute; left:44%; width:2.66em; top:86%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
* '''mûł''': essere bello
{{IPA|a}}</div>
* '''pûl''': essere grande
|}
* '''rrýn''': casa
</div></div>
* '''śàg''': caduta
|-
* '''tlê''': lettura
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Close-mid'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Mid'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Open-mid'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Near-open'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Open'''
|}
 
===Consonants===
 
{| {{prettytable}}
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 3em"
| style="font-size: 90%;" |
! style="width: 4em;" | Bilabial
! style="width: 4em;" | Labio-<br/>dental
! style="width: 4em;" | Dental
! style="width: 4em;" | Alveolar
! style="width: 4em;" | Post-<br/>alveolar
! style="width: 4em;" | Palatal
! style="width: 4em;" | Velar
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Plosive
| <center>{{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}</center>
|
| colspan="3" |<center>{{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}</center>
| <center></center>
| <center>{{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}</center>
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Nasal
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|m}}</center>
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|ɱ}}</center>
| colspan="3" |<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|n}}</center>
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|ɲ}}</center>
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Vibrant
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|
| colspan="3" | <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|r}}</center>
 
|
|
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Fricative
| <center></center>
| <center>{{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}</center>
|
| <center>{{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}</center>
| <center>{{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}</center>
| <center></center>
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Affricate
|
|
|
| <center>{{IPA|ʦ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
| <center>{{IPA|ʧ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
| &nbsp;
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Approximant
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
| colspan="3" | <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|j}}</center>
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|ɰ}}</center>
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Lateral approximant
|
|
| colspan="3" | <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|l}}</center>
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|}
 
===Alphabet===
 
{|
|-
!<center>IPA consonant</center>
!<center>Latin</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|p}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''p'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|b}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''b'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|t}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''t'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|d}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''d'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|k}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''k'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|g}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''g'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|m}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''m'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|n}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''n'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|ʦ}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''c'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|ʧ}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''č'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|ʒ}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''ž'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|f}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''f'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|v}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''v'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|s}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''s'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|z}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''z'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|ʃ}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''š'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|r}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''r'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|j}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''j'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|ɰ}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''u'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|l}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''l'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|}
 
 
'''Š, ž, č, s, z, l, j''' are called ''soft consonants'' and they tend to modify the use of the morphological endings.
 
 
{|
|-
!<center>IPA vowel</center>
!<center>Latin</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|i}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''i'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|ɨ}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''y'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|u}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''u'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|ɛ}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''e'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|a}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''a'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|ɔ}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''o'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|}
 
==Morphology==
 
Slevian has a semplified morphology, in contrast with other Slavic languages.
 
===Substantives===
 
Substantives have three ''genres'' (''masculine'', ''feminine'' and ''neuter'') and two ''numbers'' (''singular'' and '''plural'')
 
====Number====
 
Substantives form their plural by modifying their endings oder by adding a new one:
 
* If they end with ''normal consonants'', they add '''''-y'''''
* If they end with '''-š, -ž, -č, -s, -z, -l, -j''' (called ''soft consonants''): they add '''''-i'''''
* If they end with '''-a''', '''-e''', '''-u''': they drop these vowels and add '''''-y'''''
* If '''-a''', '''-e''', '''-u''', are preceded by a ''soft consonant'', they add '''''-i''''' instead of '''-y'''.
* If they end with '''-o''': they drop it and add '''''-a'''''
* If they end with '''-ja''', '''-je''': they drop them and add '''''-ji'''''
 
====Gender====
 
Slevian substantives can be '''''masculine''''', '''''feminine''''' or '''''neuter'''''.
 
* If the substantive ends with a '''consonant''', it is '''masculine'''
* If it ends with '''-a''', it is '''feminine'''
* If it ends with '''-o''', it is '''neuter'''
* If it ends with '''-e''', it can be '''feminine''' or '''neuter''':
:* ''Normal consonant'' + ''-e'', it is '''neuter'''
:* ''Soft consonant'' + ''-e'', it is '''feminine'''
 
The plural substantives '''have no genre'''.
 
===Articles===
 
Slevian developed a system of articles, differently from the other Slavic languages, and similar to Bulgarian and Macedonian, but it places its articles ''before'' the substantives, as in English and contrary to the two Slavic languages:
 
====Indefinite Articles====
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
!|||Articles
|-
|Masculine||Jedin
|-
|Feminine||Jedna
|-
|Neuter||Jedno
|-
|Plural||Jedny
|}
 
The plural form is used as the English adjectives '''some''', '''any'''.
 
====Definite Articles====
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
!|||Articles
|-
|Masculine||Ton
|-
|Feminine||Ta
|-
|Neuter||To
|-
|Plural||Ti
|}
 
Slevian has not an independent form for '''this''' and '''that''': they are built by adding an adverbial particle to the articles:
 
* '''''To-''''' + Articles = ''this''
* '''''Tam-''''' + Articles = ''that''
 
''Examples'':
 
* Mjesto = ''city'', neuter
: Jedno mjesto = ''a city''
: To mjesto = ''the city''
: Toto mjesto = ''this city''
: Tamto mjesto = ''that city
 
===Adjectives===
 
Adjectives do agree with their substantives in '''genre''' and '''number'''. They are placed after ''before'' their substantives as in English. The base form is masculine which generally ends with '''''-y''''' or '''''-i''''', but some adjectives (most of all ''passive participles'') can end with another consonant. To agree, they modify their endings:
 
* If the root ends with ''normal consonants'', the masculine form is '''''-y'''''
* If the root ends with ''soft consonants'', the masculine form is '''''-i'''''
* To form the feminine, just drop the masculine ending and add '''''-a'''''
* To form the neuter, just drop the masculine ending and add '''''-o'''''
* To form the plural, just drop the masculine ending and add '''''-e'''''
 
''Examples'':
 
* Ton krasny mir = ''the beautiful world'', masculine
* Ta krasna noče = ''the beautiful night'', feminine
* To krasno mjesto = ''the beautiful city'', neuter
* Ti krasne mjesta = ''the beautiful cities'', plural (no genre recognized)
====Comparative====
 
To form the comparative degree, drop the masculine ending and add:
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
!|||Ending
|-
|Masculine||'''-eji'''
|-
|Feminine||'''-eja'''
|-
|Neuter||'''-ejo'''
|-
|Plural||'''-eje'''
|}
 
The comparison is made by the particle '''čim'''.
 
''Example'':
 
* Mojo mjesto je krasnejo čim tvojo: ''My city is more beautiful than yours''
 
====Superlative====
 
To form the superlative, place before the declined adjective the particle '''''samej'''''
 
''Example'':
 
* Tota je ta samej interesna kniga mežo toti ktere počital jeso: ''This is the most interesting book among the ones I read''
 
===Pronouns===
 
====Personal pronouns====
 
Slevian retains an '''accusative/object form''' for the personal pronouns, similar to the difference between the English ''I / me'':
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
!|Person||Nominative<br>Subject||Accusative<br>Object
|-
|1st sing.||<center>ja</center>||<center>mine</center>
|-
|2nd sing.||<center>ty</center>||<center>tibe</center>
|-
|3rd. masc.||<center>on</center>||<center>jego</center>
|-
|3rd fem.||<center>ona</center>||<center>jeji</center>
|-
|3rd neu.||<center>to</center>||<center>to</center>
|-
|1st plu.||<center>my</center>||<center>nas</center>
|-
|2nd plu.||<center>vy</center>||<center>vas</center>
|-
|3rd fem.||<center>oni</center>||<center>ich</center>
|}
 
As the verbs already show their person with conjugation, the nominative/subject personal pronouns are not very used.
 
====Possessive pronoun/adjectives====
 
Slevian use the same forms for possessive adjectives and pronouns (contrary to English ''my / mine''). They agree with their substantives according to genre and number as adjectives.
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
!|Person||Masculine||Feminine||Neuter||Plural
|-
|1st sing.||<center>moj</center>||<center>moja</center>||<center>mojo</center>||<center>moje</center>
|-
|2nd sing.||<center>tvoj</center>||<center>tvoja</center>||<center>tvojo</center>||<center>tvoje</center>
|-
|3rd. masc.||colspan="4"|<center>jevo</center>
|-
|3rd fem.||colspan="4"|<center>jejo</center>
|-
|3rd neu.||colspan="4"|<center>togo</center>
|-
|1st plu.||<center>naš</center>||<center>naša</center>||<center>našo</center>||<center>naše</center>
|-
|2nd plu.||<center>vaš</center>||<center>vaša</center>||<center>vašo</center>||<center>vaše</center>
|-
|3rd fem.||colspan="4"|<center>jejich</center>
|}
 
If the '''''subject''''' coincide with the '''''owner''''', for the 3rd persons you have to use '''svoj''':
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
!|Person||Masculine||Feminine||Neuter||Plural
|-
|1st sing.||<center>svoj</center>||<center>svoja</center>||<center>svojo</center>||<center>svoje</center>
|}
 
===Adverbs===
 
Adverbs derived from adjectives are built by adding to adjectives’ base form the adverbial ending: '''-õkša/õkše/õkšo''','''-õкша/õкше/õкшо'''
 
====Locative adverbs====
 
Lišĕč locative adverbs have a particular feature, which makes them different from the other languages‘ adverbs: '''''they decline'''''. They take the same ''locative endings'' of substantives, to indicate what kind of movement or statement they express, according to the locative system, explained in the table above. For example:
 
'''Sinaan/Синаан''' has the unspecified meaning of ''there'', but its role can be specified by adding the locative endings:
 
With the '''''elative''''' ending, '''Sinaankaňa/Синаанкања''', it specifies its meaning in ''from there inside''
 
With the '''''adessive''''' ending, '''Sinaanđyna/Синаанћына''', it specifies its meaning in ''there (statement) near''.
 
And so the other locative adverbs decline.

Latest revision as of 10:06, 4 March 2013

Lingua tonale:

  • a: tono neutro alto [4-4]
  • ā: tono neutro basso [2-2]
  • à: tono discendente [5-2]
  • á: tono ascendente [3-5]
  • â: tono ascendente-discendente [2-5-4]

Nome della lingua: kôt

Suffissi personali:
Io: -tên-
Tu: -kśȳn-
Egli: -fót-
Noi (incl): -mar-
Noi (escl): -rrejn-
Voi: -kîś-
Io: -fnàt-

Suffissi verbali:
ve-: imperfettivo
fjô-: perfettivo
sá-: ripetitivo
ćû-: continuo

ku-: passato
ci-: passato arcaico
lê-: passato momentaneo
łok-: futuro
ljúq-: futuro remoto

s-: imperativo
lōv-: imperativo di cortesia

tók-: volitivo
peć-: causativo
ná-: incoativo
ûc-: continuativo
kjêv-: terminativo
lun-: ottativo
nâ-: renarrativo
bē-: dubitativo


mô-: interrogativo
pô-: passivo
so-: riflessivo

gł-: negativo

Suffissi nominali:
a-: determinativo
kôl-: quello
suź-: questo

La casa è grande: arrýnćûpûl: DET + casa + CONT + grande
Ho letto un bel libro: fjôkumîtmûłtlêtên: PERF + PASS + libro + bellezza + lettura + io
Avete letto quel libro?: môvekukôlmîttlêkîś: QUES + IMPERF + PASS + quello + libro + lettura + voi
Questo libro è bello: suźmîtćûmûł: questo + libro + CONT + bellezza
Questo libro non è bello: suźmîtćûgłmûł: questo + libro + CONT + bellezza
Non credo/Dubito che questo libro sia bello: suźmîtbēćûmûł: questo + libro + DUBIT + CONT + bellezza
Dicono che questo libro non sia bello: suźmîtnâćûgłmûł: questo + libro + RENARR + CONT + NEG + bellezza
Vogliamo comprare quel libro: vetókkôlmîtbréźrrejn: IMPERF + VOLIT + quello + libro + compr + noi(escl)
Piove: vefrenśàg: IMPERF + pioggia + caduta
Comincia a piove: vefrennáśàg: IMPERF + INCOAT + pioggia + caduta
Sembra che continui a piovere: veûcfrennâśàg: IMPERF + CONTINUATIVO + pioggia + RENARR + caduta
Vorrei che smettesse di piovere: fjôtókkjêvfrenśàgtên: PERF + VOLITIVO + TERMINATIVO + pioggia + + caduta + IO

  • bréź: acquisto
  • fren: pioggia
  • kôt: lingua kôt
  • mît: libro
  • mûł: essere bello
  • pûl: essere grande
  • rrýn: casa
  • śàg: caduta
  • tlê: lettura
Retrieved from "http://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Bukkia/sandbox&oldid=73566"