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{{WIP}}
Lingua tonale:
'''Slevian''' is a costructed language, created to be related to the Slavic languages' family.


Differently from most Slavic languages, but similar to Bulgarian and Macedonian languages, it losts all the original cases, and developed a definite and indefinite article (but set before its substantive). Differently from Bulgarian and Macedonian it has a semplified verbal system.
* a: tono neutro alto [<sub>4-4</sub>]
* ā: tono neutro basso [<sub>2-2</sub>]
* à: tono discendente [<sub>5-2</sub>]
* á: tono ascendente [<sub>3-5</sub>]
* â: tono ascendente-discendente [<sub>2-5-4</sub>]


It is written with the '''''Latin Alphabet''''', but can be adapted to the '''Cyrillic''' one.
Nome della lingua: '''kôt'''


==Phonology==
Suffissi personali:<br>
Io: '''-tên-'''<br>
Tu: '''-kśȳn-'''<br>
Egli: '''-fót-'''<br>
Noi (incl): '''-mar-'''<br>
Noi (escl): '''-rrejn-'''<br>
Voi: '''-kîś-'''<br>
Io: '''-fnàt-'''<br>


===Vowels===
Suffissi verbali:<br>
'''ve-''': imperfettivo<br>
'''fjô-''': perfettivo<br>
'''sá-''': ripetitivo<br>
'''ćû-''': continuo<br>


Slevian has a reduced vocalic system, with only six vowels:
'''ku-''': passato<br>
'''ci-''': passato arcaico<br>
'''lê-''': passato momentaneo<br>
'''łok-''': futuro<br>
'''ljúq-''': futuro remoto<br>


{| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding=0 style="text-align:left; background:transparent;"
'''s-''': imperativo<br>
|- style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller;"
'''lōv-''': imperativo di cortesia<br>
| style="width:70px; text-align:right;" |
| style="width:60px;" | '''Front'''
| style="width:60px;" | '''Near-front'''
| style="width:60px;" | '''Central'''
| style="width:60px;" | '''Near-back'''
| style="width:60px;" | '''Back'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Close'''
| style="height:210px;" colspan=5 rowspan=7 | <div style="position:relative;"><div style="background:transparent; position:absolute; top:0px; left:0px;">
{| style="position:relative; width:300px; height:210px; text-align:right; background:transparent;"
|-
| style="width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:transparent;" |


<!-- CLOSE VOWELS -->
'''tók-''': volitivo<br>
<div style="position:absolute; left:5%; width:2.33em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
'''peć-''': causativo<br>
{{IPA|i}}</div>
'''ná-''': incoativo<br>
<div style="position:absolute; left:45%; width:2.33em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">&nbsp;
'''ûc-''': continuativo<br>
{{IPA|ɨ}}</div>
'''kjêv-''': terminativo<br>  
<div style="position:absolute; left:83%; width:3em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
'''lun-''': ottativo<br>
{{IPA|u}}</div>
'''nâ-''': renarrativo<br>
'''bē-''': dubitativo<br>


<!-- NEAR-CLOSE VOWELS -->


<!-- CLOSE-MID VOWELS -->
'''mô-''': interrogativo<br>
'''pô-''': passivo<br>
'''so-''': riflessivo<br>


<!-- MID VOWELS -->
'''gł-''': negativo<br>


Suffissi nominali:<br>
'''a-''': determinativo<br>
'''kôl-''': quello<br>
'''suź-''': questo<br>


<!-- OPEN-MID VOWELS -->
La casa è grande: '''arrýnćûpûl''': ''DET + casa + CONT + grande''<br>
<div style="position:absolute; left:31%; width:2.66em; top:58%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
Ho letto un bel libro: '''fjôkumîtmûłtlêtên''': ''PERF + PASS + libro + bellezza + lettura + io''<br>
{{IPA|ɛ}}</div>
Avete letto quel libro?: '''môvekukôlmîttlêkîś''': ''QUES + IMPERF + PASS + quello + libro + lettura + voi''<br>
<div style="position:absolute; left:84%; width:2.33em; top:58%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
Questo libro è bello: '''suźmîtćûmûł''': ''questo + libro + CONT + bellezza''<br>
{{IPA|ɔ}}</div>
Questo libro non è bello: '''suźmîtćûgłmûł''': ''questo + libro + CONT + bellezza''<br>
Non credo/Dubito che questo libro sia bello: '''suźmîtbēćûmûł''': ''questo + libro + DUBIT + CONT + bellezza''<br>
Dicono che questo libro non sia bello: '''suźmîtnâćûgłmûł''': ''questo + libro + RENARR + CONT + NEG + bellezza''<br>
Vogliamo comprare quel libro: '''vetókkôlmîtbréźrrejn''': ''IMPERF + VOLIT + quello + libro + compr + noi(escl)''<br>
Piove: '''vefrenśàg''': ''IMPERF + pioggia + caduta''<br>
Comincia a piove: '''vefrennáśàg''': ''IMPERF + INCOAT + pioggia + caduta''<br>
Sembra che continui a piovere: '''veûcfrennâśàg''': ''IMPERF + CONTINUATIVO + pioggia + RENARR + caduta''<br>
Vorrei che smettesse di piovere: '''fjôtókkjêvfrenśàgtên''': ''PERF + VOLITIVO + TERMINATIVO + pioggia + + caduta + IO''<br>


<!-- NEAR-OPEN VOWELS -->
* '''bréź''': acquisto
 
* '''fren''': pioggia
 
* '''kôt''': lingua kôt
<!-- OPEN VOWELS -->
* '''mît''': libro
<div style="position:absolute; left:44%; width:2.66em; top:86%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
* '''mûł''': essere bello
{{IPA|a}}</div>
* '''pûl''': essere grande
|}
* '''rrýn''': casa
</div></div>
* '''śàg''': caduta
|-
* '''tlê''': lettura
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Close-mid'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Mid'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Open-mid'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Near-open'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Open'''
|}
 
===Consonants===
 
{| {{prettytable}}
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 3em"
| style="font-size: 90%;" |
! style="width: 4em;" | Bilabial
! style="width: 4em;" | Labio-<br/>dental
! style="width: 4em;" | Dental
! style="width: 4em;" | Alveolar
! style="width: 4em;" | Post-<br/>alveolar
! style="width: 4em;" | Palatal
! style="width: 4em;" | Velar
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Plosive
| <center>{{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}</center>
|
| colspan="3" |<center>{{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}</center>
| <center></center>
| <center>{{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}</center>
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Nasal
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|m}}</center>
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|ɱ}}</center>
| colspan="3" |<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|n}}</center>
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|ɲ}}</center>
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Vibrant
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|
| colspan="3" | <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|r}}</center>
 
|
|
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Fricative
| <center></center>
| <center>{{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}</center>
|
| <center>{{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}</center>
| <center>{{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}</center>
| <center></center>
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Affricate
|
|
|
| <center>{{IPA|ʦ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
| <center>{{IPA|ʧ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
| &nbsp;
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Approximant
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
| colspan="3" | <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|j}}</center>
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|ɰ}}</center>
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | Lateral approximant
|
|
| colspan="3" | <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|l}}</center>
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
| <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|}
 
===Alphabet===
 
{|
|-
!<center>IPA consonant</center>
!<center>Latin</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|p}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''p'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|b}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''b'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|t}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''t'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|d}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''d'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|k}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''k'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|g}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''g'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|m}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''m'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|n}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''n'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|ʦ}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''c'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|ʧ}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''č'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|f}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''f'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|v}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''v'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|s}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''s'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|z}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''z'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|ʃ}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''š'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|r}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''r'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|j}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''j'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|ɰ}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''u'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|l}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''l'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|}
 
{|
|-
!<center>IPA vowel</center>
!<center>Latin</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|i}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''i'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|ɨ}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''y'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|u}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''u'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|ɛ}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''e'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|a}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''a'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|<center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/{{IPA|ɔ}}/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center> || <center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''o'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>
|-
|}
 
==Morphology==
 
Lišĕč has an agglutinative morphology, i.e, words are declined and take endings, but these ending have only one meaning, instead of the multiple meaning of a Indo-european desinence.
 
Exemple:
 
* Latin: '''Urbium''' (genitive plural ''of the cities''): root ''urb'' + desinence ''-ium'', the desinence have meaning of both plural and genitive case.
* Lišĕč: '''Gradanasal''' (genitive plural ''of the cities''): root ''grada'' + plural desinence ''-nas-'' + genitive desinence ''-al''
 
===Substantives===
 
Substantives have ''no genre'', but they decline according to ''number'' ('''''singular''''', '''''plural''''' and '''''collective''''') and ''cases'' ('''''29 cases'''''):
 
====Number====
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
!bgcolor="#E0E0FF"|Number||Latin||Cyrillic
|-
|Singular||-||-
|-
|Plural||'''-nas/nes/nos'''||'''-нас/нес/нос'''
|-
|Collective||'''-ałij/ełij/ołij'''||'''-аљий/ељий/ољий'''
|-
|}
 
The '''''collective number''''' means a ''defined group'' of objects or beings, while '''''plural number''''' indicates an ''undefined number'' of objects or things (both functions are covered by plural in Indo-european languages):
 
The '''collective''' should be used:
 
* With ''cardinal numbers''
* Without numbers to indicate “''a group of''” or with ''uncountable nouns'' to indicate “''a little of''”, “''a bit of''”
 
====Case====
 
The '''case''' indicates the role the word plays in the sentence, without prepositions. Lišěč has '''''29 cases''''', many more of any Indo-european language, but a large number of cases is normal for Uralic languages.
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
!bgcolor="#E0E0FF"|Case||Latin||Cyrillic||Case function
|-
|''Nominative''||<center>'''-'''</center>||<center>'''-'''</center>||<center>Case of '''subject'''</center>
|-
|''Genitive''||<center>'''-al/el/ol'''</center>||<center>'''-ал/ел/ол'''</center>||<center>Case of '''possession'''</center>
|-
|''Dative''||<center>'''-am/em/om'''</center>||<center>'''-ам/ем/ом'''</center>||<center>Case of '''indirect object'''</center>
|-
|''Accusative''||<center>'''-an/en/on'''</center>||<center>'''-ан/ен/он'''</center>||<center>Case of '''direct object'''</center>
|-
|''Partitive''||<center>'''-a/e/o'''</center>||<center>'''-а/е/о'''</center>||<center>Case of '''ripartition'''<br>It can be translated with the adjectives ''some'' ''any''</center>
|-
|''Essive''||<center>'''-as/es/os'''</center>||<center>'''-ас/ес/ос'''</center>||<center>Case of '''existence'''<br>It can be translated with the word ''as''</center>
|-
|''Causal''||<center>'''-fal/fel/fol'''</center>||<center>'''-фал/фел/фол'''</center>||<center>Case of '''causes'''<br>It can be translated with prepositions ''because of'' ''for''</center>
|-
|''Originative''||<center>'''-dala/dele/dolo'''</center>||<center>'''-дала/деле/доло'''</center>||<center>Case of '''origin'''<br>It can be translated with prepositions ''from'' ''of''</center>
|-
|''Instrumental''||<center>'''-kam/kem/kom'''</center>||<center>'''-кам/кем/ком'''</center>||<center>Case of '''instrument'''<br>It can be translated with prepositions ''with'' ''by''</center>
|-
|''Comitative''||<center>'''-sam/sem/som'''</center>||<center>'''-сам/сем/сом'''</center>||<center>Case of '''company'''<br>It can be translated with preposition (''together'') ''with''</center>
|-
|''Agentive''||<center>'''-õlna/õlne/õlno'''</center>||<center>'''-õлна/õлне/õлно'''</center>||<center>Case of '''agent'''<br>It can be translated with the adjectives ''some'' ''any''</center>
|-
|''Finalitative-<br>benefactive''||<center>'''-ossa/osse/osso'''</center>||<center>'''-осса/оссе/оссо'''</center>||<center>Case of '''finality''' and '''benefice'''<br>It can be translated with preposition ''for''</center>
|-
|''Abessive''||<center>'''-baś/beś/boś'''</center>||<center>'''-баз/без/боз'''</center>||<center>Case of '''absence'''<br>It can be translated with preposition ''without''</center>
|-
|''Temporal''||<center>'''-ňal/ňel/ňol'''</center>||<center>'''-њал/њел/њол'''</center>||<center>Case of '''time'''<br>It can be translated with prepositions ''at'' ''during''</center>
|-
|''Terminative''||<center>'''-õňa/õňe/õňo'''</center>||<center>'''-õња/õње/õњо'''</center>||<center>Case of '''end'''<br>It can be translated with preposition ''until''</center>
|-
|''Inessive''||<center>'''-ka/ke/ko'''</center>||<center>'''-ка/ке/ко'''</center>||<center>''See table below''</center>
|-
|''Elative''||<center>'''-kaňa/keňe/koňo'''</center>||<center>'''-кања/кење/коњо'''</center>||<center>''See table below''</center>
|-
|''Superessive''||<center>'''-kaţun/keţun/koţun'''</center>||<center>'''-каөун/кеөун/коөун'''</center>||<center>''See table below''</center>
|-
|''Delative''||<center>'''-sõda/sõde/sõdo'''</center>||<center>'''-сõда/сõде/сõдо'''</center>||<center>''See table below''</center>
|-
|''Sublative''||<center>'''-šanë/šenë/šonë'''</center>||<center>'''-шанë/шенë/шонë'''</center>||<center>''See table below''</center>
|-
|''Adessive''||<center>'''-đyna/đyne/đyno'''</center>||<center>'''-ћына/ћыне/ћыно'''</center>||<center>''See table below''</center>
|-
|''Ablative''||<center>'''-daţë/deţë/doţë'''</center>||<center>'''-даөë/деөë/доөë'''</center>||<center>''See table below''</center>
|-
|''Allative''||<center>'''-adanë/edenë/odonë'''</center>||<center>'''-аданë/еденë/одонë'''</center>||<center>''See table below''</center>
|-
|''Interjective''||<center>'''-rağä/reğä/roğä'''</center>||<center>'''-рађä/ређä/рођä'''</center>||<center>''See table below''</center>
|-
|''Transitive''||<center>'''-rakä/rekä/rokä'''</center>||<center>'''-ракä/рекä/рокä'''</center>||<center>''See table below''</center>
|-
|''Translative''||<center>'''-arykë/erykë/orykë'''</center>||<center>'''-арыкë/ерыкë/орыкë'''</center>||<center>''See table below''</center>
|-
|}
 
The last 12 cases in table above are '''''Locative cases'''''. The locative system of Lišĕč language is highly developed, with indication for '''interior''' (''inside''), '''surface''' (''on, above'') and '''adjacency''' (''near''), and with the four locative complements: ''statement in'', ''movement to'', ''movement from'' and ''movement across''.
 
So, for example, the ''sublative case'' means a movement ''towards above'', or a ''movement over a surface''.
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
!bgcolor="#E0E0FF"|Case System
|-
|||<center>''interior''</center>||<center>''surface''</center>||<center>''adjacency''</center>
|-
|''statement in''||<center>'''inessive'''</center>||<center>'''superessive'''</center>||<center>'''adessive'''</center>
|-
|''movement to''||<center>'''illative'''</center>||<center>'''sublative'''</center>||<center>'''allative'''</center>
|-
|''movement from''||<center>'''elative'''</center>||<center>'''delative'''</center>||<center>'''ablative'''</center>
|-
|''movement across''||<center>'''interjective'''</center>||<center>'''transitive'''</center>||<center>'''translative'''</center>
|-
|}
 
===Adjectives===
 
Adjectives act like substantives, they take the same endings of '''case''' and '''number'''. Adjectives in attributive function are placed always '''''before''''' their substantives. Only ''past participles'' (which are adjectives) can be placed ''after'' the substantive.
 
There is '''''no article''''' at all.
 
===Adverbs===
 
Adverbs derived from adjectives are built by adding to adjectives’ base form the adverbial ending: '''-õkša/õkše/õkšo''','''-õкша/õкше/õкшо'''
 
====Locative adverbs====
 
Lišĕč locative adverbs have a particular feature, which makes them different from the other languages‘ adverbs: '''''they decline'''''. They take the same ''locative endings'' of substantives, to indicate what kind of movement or statement they express, according to the locative system, explained in the table above. For example:
 
'''Sinaan/Синаан''' has the unspecified meaning of ''there'', but its role can be specified by adding the locative endings:
 
With the '''''elative''''' ending, '''Sinaankaňa/Синаанкања''', it specifies its meaning in ''from there inside''
 
With the '''''adessive''''' ending, '''Sinaanđyna/Синаанћына''', it specifies its meaning in ''there (statement) near''.
 
And so the other locative adverbs decline.

Latest revision as of 10:06, 4 March 2013

Lingua tonale:

  • a: tono neutro alto [4-4]
  • ā: tono neutro basso [2-2]
  • à: tono discendente [5-2]
  • á: tono ascendente [3-5]
  • â: tono ascendente-discendente [2-5-4]

Nome della lingua: kôt

Suffissi personali:
Io: -tên-
Tu: -kśȳn-
Egli: -fót-
Noi (incl): -mar-
Noi (escl): -rrejn-
Voi: -kîś-
Io: -fnàt-

Suffissi verbali:
ve-: imperfettivo
fjô-: perfettivo
sá-: ripetitivo
ćû-: continuo

ku-: passato
ci-: passato arcaico
lê-: passato momentaneo
łok-: futuro
ljúq-: futuro remoto

s-: imperativo
lōv-: imperativo di cortesia

tók-: volitivo
peć-: causativo
ná-: incoativo
ûc-: continuativo
kjêv-: terminativo
lun-: ottativo
nâ-: renarrativo
bē-: dubitativo


mô-: interrogativo
pô-: passivo
so-: riflessivo

gł-: negativo

Suffissi nominali:
a-: determinativo
kôl-: quello
suź-: questo

La casa è grande: arrýnćûpûl: DET + casa + CONT + grande
Ho letto un bel libro: fjôkumîtmûłtlêtên: PERF + PASS + libro + bellezza + lettura + io
Avete letto quel libro?: môvekukôlmîttlêkîś: QUES + IMPERF + PASS + quello + libro + lettura + voi
Questo libro è bello: suźmîtćûmûł: questo + libro + CONT + bellezza
Questo libro non è bello: suźmîtćûgłmûł: questo + libro + CONT + bellezza
Non credo/Dubito che questo libro sia bello: suźmîtbēćûmûł: questo + libro + DUBIT + CONT + bellezza
Dicono che questo libro non sia bello: suźmîtnâćûgłmûł: questo + libro + RENARR + CONT + NEG + bellezza
Vogliamo comprare quel libro: vetókkôlmîtbréźrrejn: IMPERF + VOLIT + quello + libro + compr + noi(escl)
Piove: vefrenśàg: IMPERF + pioggia + caduta
Comincia a piove: vefrennáśàg: IMPERF + INCOAT + pioggia + caduta
Sembra che continui a piovere: veûcfrennâśàg: IMPERF + CONTINUATIVO + pioggia + RENARR + caduta
Vorrei che smettesse di piovere: fjôtókkjêvfrenśàgtên: PERF + VOLITIVO + TERMINATIVO + pioggia + + caduta + IO

  • bréź: acquisto
  • fren: pioggia
  • kôt: lingua kôt
  • mît: libro
  • mûł: essere bello
  • pûl: essere grande
  • rrýn: casa
  • śàg: caduta
  • tlê: lettura
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