Proto-Uralic/I: Difference between revisions
From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
mNo edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
| "to suck" | | "to suck" | ||
| *ime- || ńɤmɤ- || - || - || K. ńim- || ëm- || - || *eem- || ńim-, əm- | | *ime- || ńɤmɤ- || - || - || K. ńim- || ëm- || - || *eem- || ńim-, əm- | ||
| Two variants * | | Two variants *imə-, *ńimə- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "stone" | | "stone" | ||
| Line 16: | Line 16: | ||
| "year ring" | | "year ring" | ||
| ''*süü'' || '''*sēvɤ''' || - || *šɪja || *si || - || *täw || - || *tiə | | ''*süü'' || '''*sēvɤ''' || - || *šɪja || *si || - || *täw || - || *tiə | ||
| * | | *siwə? | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "name" | | "name" | ||
| Line 33: | Line 33: | ||
| "hedgehog" | | "hedgehog" | ||
| *siili || - || *śejəĺ || Hi. šülə ~<br/>Me. '''šulo''' || - || †sül || '''"soule"''' || - || - | | *siili || - || *śejəĺ || Hi. šülə ~<br/>Me. '''šulo''' || - || †sül || '''"soule"''' || - || - | ||
| * | | *śixələ, ix → iw → ü in H? | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "ceiling space" | | "ceiling space" | ||
| Line 56: | Line 56: | ||
| "silicon" | | "silicon" | ||
| *pii || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || #pAj | | *pii || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || #pAj | ||
| If not same as * | | If not same as *piŋə. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to stay" | | "to stay" | ||
| Line 103: | Line 103: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to smell" | | "to smell" | ||
| - || ɤpsē- || Mk | | - || ɤpsē- || Mk '''opəś''' || *üpš- || K. is- || ''iiz-'' || *ät- || *eepəɬ- || *əptə- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to cover" | | "to cover" | ||
| Line 109: | Line 109: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "age" | | "age" | ||
| *ikä || *(j)ɤkē || ''' | | *ikä || *(j)ɤkē || Er '''ije''' || *ij || - || eev || - || - || - | ||
| ← IE? | | ← IE? | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 116: | Line 116: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "slanted" | | "slanted" | ||
| *vino || *vɤńē || Er | | *vino || *vɤńē || Er veńaža || - || - || - || - || - || - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "gap" | | "gap" | ||
| Line 172: | Line 172: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "daughter-in-law" | | "daughter-in-law" | ||
| *miniä || *mɤńē || - || - || U. | | *miniä || *mɤńē || - || - || U. -meń'' ~ K. moń || mëń || mäń || *meeń || '''*mäńä''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to rut" | | "to rut" | ||
| ''*kej-ma, *kii-ma'' || *kīkɤ- || - || - || U. | | ''*kej-ma, *kii-ma'' || *kīkɤ- || - || - || U. kemdžɨ- ~ K. koj || ''kej-, höö'' || *käj- || *kööj- || - | ||
| *kixi ? S. *kēj-mē- ← F. | | *kixi ? S. *kēj-mē- ← F. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to | | "to rip" | ||
| *kisko- || *kɤškó- || Er. '''śkiŕa-''' ~ Mk. '''kəśkəŕa-''' || - || U. | | *kisko- || *kɤškó- || Er. '''śkiŕa-''' ~ Mk. '''kəśkəŕa-''' || - || U. keś- ~ K. koś- || ''kiisaal-'' || E '''*küštəl-''' || '''*kös-''' || - | ||
| Cf. [[Proto-Uralic/new|* | | OU *ü? H. also ''köszvény'' "gout". Cf. [[Proto-Uralic/new|*kïčkə-]] | ||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |- style="background:#A0FFA0" | ||
! colspan="10"| Messy stuff | ! colspan="10"| Messy stuff | ||
| Line 202: | Line 202: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to unhair" | | "to unhair" | ||
| *nivo- || *nɤvē- || ńeveĺ- || - || - || - || - || '''*noow-''' || '''* | | *nivo- || *nɤvē- || ńeveĺ- || - || - || - || - || '''*noow-''' || '''*nïŋkə-''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to sho" | | "to sho" | ||
| Line 237: | Line 237: | ||
| "smoke; fog" | | "smoke; fog" | ||
| - || - || - || - || *čɨŋ || - || '''*šeeŋkʷ-''' || '''*čüüɣ''' || | | - || - || - || - || *čɨŋ || - || '''*šeeŋkʷ-''' || '''*čüüɣ''' || | ||
| Rather * | | Rather *ä or something | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "smell" | | "smell" | ||
| Line 278: | Line 278: | ||
| - || - || - || - || - || tüüz || *täwət || *töɣət || - | | - || - || - || - || - || tüüz || *täwət || *töɣət || - | ||
| ? *tiwätə, or *ü with SMs irregular? | | ? *tiwätə, or *ü with SMs irregular? | ||
|- | |||
| "sweet" | |||
| *imelä || N amiidi || - || - || '''*juumol''' || - || - || - || - | |||
| F better ← "to suck" | |||
|- | |||
| "" | |||
| || || || || || || || || | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "" | | "" | ||
Revision as of 17:49, 6 February 2013
| Lexeme | Finnic | Samic | Mordv. | Mari | Permic | Hung. | Mansi | Khanty | Samoy. | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Std. PU *i_i | ||||||||||
| "to suck" | *ime- | ńɤmɤ- | - | - | K. ńim- | ëm- | - | *eem- | ńim-, əm- | Two variants *imə-, *ńimə- |
| "stone" | *kivi | - | kev | *küj | U. kɤ ~ K. ki | köv- | *käw | *kööɣ | - | |
| "year ring" | *süü | *sēvɤ | - | *šɪja | *si | - | *täw | - | *tiə | *siwə? |
| "name" | *nimi | *nɤmɤ | ĺem | *lʏm | *ńim | neev | *näm | *neem | *nim | Cf. IE; PBS *inmen- |
| "long" | *pit-kä | - | - | - | - | fël-, föl- | *pälit | *peɬ- | *pir- | |
| "tooth" | *pii | (*pānē) | pej | *püj | *piń | fog | *päŋk | *pööŋk | - | |
| "mouse" | *hiiri | - | *šeŋəŕ | - | *šɨr | egeer | *täŋkər | *ɬööŋkər | - | |
| "hedgehog" | *siili | - | *śejəĺ | Hi. šülə ~ Me. šulo |
- | †sül | "soule" | - | - | *śixələ, ix → iw → ü in H? |
| "ceiling space" | *sii- | - | - | - | *śig | - | - | *siiŋ | *sêŋ | |
| "last" | *vii- | - | - | - | - | veeg | - | - | - | |
| "knife" | - | - | - | kʏzə | - | keeš | *käšV | *kööčəɣ | - | |
| "to scrape" | - | - | - | - | *ńir- | ńiir- | - | - | Ne. ńira- | |
| "cloud" | *pilvi | *pɤlvɤ | peĺ | *pəl | *piĺ- | felhöö | - | *peləŋ | - | Kh. *e / _CC? |
| "tongs" | *pihti | *pɤstɤ | peš | - | K. peš | - | - | - | - | |
| "silicon" | *pii | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | #pAj | If not same as *piŋə. |
| "to stay" | *pis-ü- | - | *pezə- | pižä- | - | - | - | - | - | 2ndary labialization in F. pysy- etc. |
| "" | ||||||||||
| "visible" | *ilmi | *ɤlmɤ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ← *ilma |
| "wonder" | *imeh | *ɤmɤs | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ← B? |
| "5" | *viici | *vītɤ | *veťɜ | *vəəć | *vit | öt | *ät | *weet | *wüt | H. *wi- → ö-. FS *wiiti |
| "gadfly" | - | - | - | - | - | - | *päləm | *peeɬəm | #pil- | |
| Long? | ||||||||||
| "coal" | - | čīnɤ | - | - | - | seen | - | - | - | |
| Std. PU *i_a (*i_ä) | ||||||||||
| "eye" | *silmä | *čɤlmē | *śeĺmɜ | *s/šinzä | *śin(m-) | sëm | *šäm | *seem | *səjmä | |
| "father; big" | *isä | *ɤčē | Mk. oćä | *ɪza | - | öös | *äs | - | *äjsä | Contam. of *äjjä + *iśä in Smy? Mk from oću "big" < *ićäw (cf. F. *isoi)? |
| "to appear" | *itä- | *ɤcé- | *ätər- | *eet- | *ətä- | Cf. IE *ǵīd- | ||||
| "to pass over" | - | *vɤlē- | - | - | *vi- | öl- | *äl- | *weeɬ- | H. *wi- → ö- | |
| "to smell" | - | ɤpsē- | Mk opəś | *üpš- | K. is- | iiz- | *ät- | *eepəɬ- | *əptə- | |
| "to cover" | *pint-eh | - | - | - | *pod | fëd- | *pänt- | *peent- | - | |
| "age" | *ikä | *(j)ɤkē | Er ije | *ij | - | eev | - | - | - | ← IE? |
| "crowd" | - | *vɤlvē | *veĺɜ | *-wəlä | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "slanted" | *vino | *vɤńē | Er veńaža | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "gap" | - | - | - | *wiš | *vis | - | - | - | - | |
| "trap" | *rita | *rɤtē | - | *lüðe | K. *ri | - | - | - | - | |
| "to stick" | *pistä- | *pɤstē- | - | Hi. pište- ~ Me. pɤšte- | - | - | - | - | - | *pis-tä-, cf. "to stay" |
| "more, to add" | *lisä | *lɤsē | *ĺezɜ | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "rowan" | *pihlaka | - | *piźəl | *pɪzlə | U. paledź ~ K. pelɨź |
- | *päćər | *pećər | - | |
| "" | ||||||||||
| *i_o? | ||||||||||
| "to bind" | *sito- | - | sodo- | *šüðəkš | - | - | - | - | - | umlaut in Mo? ô doesn't fit Mari |
| Loans | ||||||||||
| "place" | *sija | *sɤjē | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ← Gmc. *stīja- |
| "office, position" | *virka | *vīrkē | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ← Gmc. *wirkja-; F. *virka "sign" ← B. *virge-. Nen. ẃārkā (← *wärkä) "to lasso" doesn't belong |
| Samic *ī_ē | ||||||||||
| "breast" | *nisä | *ńīńčē | *ńimsä- | Somewhat regular. S. *i → *í also before palatals? (not in *mińa) | ||||||
| "little bird" | - | *cīcē- | - | - | K. džɨdž | - | - | *čiinč | *sinsä- | Onomatopoetic? |
| "to let go" | - | *tīptē- | tuvto- | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "sno, frost" | - | *rīnē | - | *rün | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Permic e ~ o | ||||||||||
| "daughter-in-law" | *miniä | *mɤńē | - | - | U. -meń ~ K. moń | mëń | mäń | *meeń | *mäńä | |
| "to rut" | *kej-ma, *kii-ma | *kīkɤ- | - | - | U. kemdžɨ- ~ K. koj | kej-, höö | *käj- | *kööj- | - | *kixi ? S. *kēj-mē- ← F. |
| "to rip" | *kisko- | *kɤškó- | Er. śkiŕa- ~ Mk. kəśkəŕa- | - | U. keś- ~ K. koś- | kiisaal- | E *küštəl- | *kös- | - | OU *ü? H. also köszvény "gout". Cf. *kïčkə- |
| Messy stuff | ||||||||||
| "son-in-law" | *vävü | *vīvɤ | ov | Hi. wiŋgə ~ Me. weŋə | - | vöö | - | *wööŋ | *wiŋə | Analogy in F from *kälü "daughter-in-law", loaned to S before that? |
| "knee ~ elbow" | - | - | - | - | *pidźəs | - | *päs | - | - | |
| "frost" | - | *pīcē | - | *pöršə | *puuž | - | - | *paačəm | - | |
| "" | ||||||||||
| "dark" | *pim-eða | - | - | - | *peĺmɨt | - | - | - | *pəjmətä | *-ðʲm- ? cf. Smy. #pij "dark" |
| "to unhair" | *nivo- | *nɤvē- | ńeveĺ- | - | - | - | - | *noow- | *nïŋkə- | |
| "to sho" | *viisA- | - | - | - | U. vodź- ~ K. vidź- | viɟaaz- | - | - | - | Cf. Gmc. |
| "slanted" | *vita | - | vaša- | Hi. wočɤk ~ Me. wažɤk | U. vož ~ K. viž | - | - | - | - | P. "intersection" |
| "to tear" | *riicu- | *rīččō- | - | - | *reź- | - | - | - | - | |
| "" | *riihi | - | - | - | U. inšɨr ~ K. rɨnɨš | E. rehi. Cf. Ger. Riege?! | ||||
| "short; to cut" | - | - | - | - | - | rövid | - | *riiɣ- | - | |
| "narro" | - | - | ťäj- | - | - | - | - | - | #täj- | Better *ä |
| "decking" | - | - | - | - | K. tis(k)a | - | - | - | Ne. ćet ~ Ka. tɤɤʔ | |
| "grave" | - | - | - | *šüɣer | - | šiir | - | - | - | |
| "to run; to hurry" | - | - | čije- | - | - | šiet- | *ćüw-, *śiɣ- | - | - | |
| "smoke; fog" | - | - | - | - | *čɨŋ | - | *šeeŋkʷ- | *čüüɣ | Rather *ä or something | |
| "smell" | - | *cīvnɤ | čijńe | - | - | - | - | - | - | *čixi-ni? |
| "to shine" | - | - | - | - | - | süt- | šit- | - | - | |
| "sleigh belt" | - | *čɤnɤ | - | - | - | - | - | - | Ne. śään | ← IE? |
| "hill" | E. süŋk | - | - | *šʏŋɣä | - | šeg | *ćääŋk(ʷ) | *ćooŋk | S *čoaŋkē "tuber" cf. F. *soŋka | |
| "all" | - | - | - | *ćɪlä | *ćɨl- | - | - | - | - | |
| "fang" | - | *čɤlā- | ćilä | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "sap" | - | - | - | - | *li | - | - | - | Kam. "lêji" | |
| "to moov" | *liikku- | - | - | - | - | - | *luk-, *läkʷ- | *ɬok- | *ləkə- | |
| "sand" | *liiva | - | - | - | U. luo ~ K. lɨva | - | - | *ḷowi | ||
| "to smash" | *licca- | - | - | *ləzərte- ~ "JU" lazerte- | K. ĺićkɨ- | |||||
| "" | *lippi | - | Er. ĺipuža ~ Mk. ĺebžat |
- | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "fire" | - | - | - | - | - | tüüz | *täwət | *töɣət | - | ? *tiwätə, or *ü with SMs irregular? |
| "sweet" | *imelä | N amiidi | - | - | *juumol | - | - | - | - | F better ← "to suck" |
| "" | ||||||||||
| "" | ||||||||||
| "" | ||||||||||
