Nother/Go-Lengi: Difference between revisions
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!colspan=29 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Consonants | !colspan=29 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Consonants | ||
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em" | |- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em" | ||
| ||colspan=3| Bilabial ||colspan=3| Labiod. ||colspan=3| Dental ||colspan=3| Alveolar ||colspan=3| Post-alv. ||colspan=3| Palatal ||colspan=3| Velar ||colspan=3| | | ||colspan=3| Bilabial ||colspan=3| Labiod. ||colspan=3| Dental ||colspan=3| Alveolar ||colspan=3| Post-alv. ||colspan=3| Palatal ||colspan=3| Velar ||colspan=3| Focaneal ||colspan=3| Anticardial || Diabrancheal | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Nasal || || {{IPA|m}} || {{IPA|m̬}} || || || || || || || || {{IPA|n}} || {{IPA|n̬}} || || || || || | |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Nasal || || {{IPA|m}} || {{IPA|m̬}} || || || || || || || || {{IPA|n}} || {{IPA|n̬}} || || || || || | ||
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===Rumble=== | ===Rumble=== | ||
The symbols /ᴥ ◌̬ ¿ H/ in the charts above refer to sounds characteristic to icebear physiology. The technical terms vary, but the common names for these sounds collectively are 隆隆 ''lollong'' or "rumble" among colonists; the icebear name is ''zὼlαndᴥuunphat'' /ˈzɔ̬.la̬n.dᵜu.un.pᴴat/, which translates to "warmer sounds". These sounds could be approximated but not duplicated by the terrestrial colonists; their attempts were labelled "coldspeak" (''Mυννᴥιbioι'' /ˈmu̬n̬.n̬ᵜi̬.bjo.i̬/ or, less charitably, ''Munnibioi'' /ˈmun.ni.bjo.i/), and this name was sometimes given to terrestrial language in general. | |||
The symbols /ᴥ ◌̬ ¿ H/ in the charts above refer to sounds characteristic to icebear physiology. The technical terms vary, but the common | |||
Icebears have dual vocal apparatuses; the upper corresponds to that known in humans, from mouth to larynx, and the lower comprises a separate set of vocal folds and points of articulation deeper in the icebear throat. Any sound may thus be voiceless, upper voiced, lower voiced, or double voiced. In Thalassarctian, however, the lower voice alone does not produce distinctive phonemes. The voicing diacritic /◌̬/ is used on a voiced phoneme to indicate the lower voice is also applied. | Icebears have dual vocal apparatuses; the upper corresponds to that known in humans, from mouth to larynx, and the lower comprises a separate set of vocal folds and points of articulation deeper in the icebear throat<sup>[check this]</sup>. Any sound may thus be voiceless, upper voiced, lower voiced, or double voiced. In Thalassarctian, however, the lower voice alone does not produce distinctive phonemes. The voicing diacritic /◌̬/ is used on a voiced phoneme to indicate the lower voice is also applied. | ||
{| class="toccolours" | {| class="toccolours" | ||
| Line 59: | Line 58: | ||
There are conventionally three points of articulation involved in the lower sounds of Thalassarctian, | There are conventionally three points of articulation involved in the lower sounds of Thalassarctian: the focaneum, the anticardion, and the diabranch. | ||
* | * The diabranch is the point of articulation for the voiceless stop symbolized as /¿/. The lower voice itself may be referred to as the diabrancheal rumble. | ||
* | * The focaneum is the point of articulation for the voiceless fricative /H/, which may also be syllabic. It may also be co-articulated with an upper voiceless stop (symbolized with /ᴴ/). | ||
{| class="toccolours" | {| class="toccolours" | ||
! + | ! [+focanealized] | ||
| kᴴ | | kᴴ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! - | ! [-focanealized] | ||
| k | | k | ||
|} | |} | ||
* | * The anticardion is the point of articulation for the phonemes /ᴥ̥ ᴥ ᴥ̬/, which may be voiceless, voiced, or double-voiced when appearing on its own. These sounds are phonemically counted as stops but it is chiefly the POA and voicing that distinguish them—they may be realized as affricates, fricatives, or approximants. Upper stops may be co-articulated with these sounds, then symbolized as /ᵜ/. | ||
{| class="toccolours" | {| class="toccolours" | ||
! || voiceless || single voice || double voice | ! || voiceless || single voice || double voice | ||
|- | |- | ||
! + | ! [+anticardialization] | ||
| kᵜ || ɡᵜ || ɡ̌ᵜ | | kᵜ || ɡᵜ || ɡ̌ᵜ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! - | ! [-anticardialization] | ||
| k || ɡ || ɡ̌ | | k || ɡ || ɡ̌ | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 20:22, 23 November 2012
Thalassarctian (
Mυnnᴥὼμiioι, /mu̬nnᵜɔ̬m̬ijoi̬/) is the name given to the last surviving language of the icebears of Frontier.
Phonology
Consonants
| Consonants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabial | Labiod. | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alv. | Palatal | Velar | Focaneal | Anticardial | Diabrancheal | |||||||||||||||||||
| Nasal | m | m̬ | n | n̬ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nasal w/rumble | mᵜ | m̬ᵜ | nᵜ | n̬ᵜ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plosive | p | b | b̬ | t | d | d̬ | k | ɡ | ɡ̌ | ᴥ̥ | ᴥ | ᴥ̬ | ¿ | |||||||||||||||
| Plosive w/rumble | pᵜ | bᵜ | b̬ᵜ | tᵜ | dᵜ | d̬ᵜ | kᵜ | ɡᵜ | ɡ̌ᵜ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fricative | f | s | z | z̬ | x | H | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Affricate | pᴴ | tᴴ | kᴴ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Approximants | j | ȷ̌ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lateral Approximant | l | l̬ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- /z/ and /z̬/ are realized as /ɹ/ and /ɹ̬/ in some speakers.
Vowels
| Vowels | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Central | Back | ||||||||
| High | i | i̬ | u | u̬ | ||||||
| High-mid | e | e̬ | o | o̬ | ||||||
| Mid | H̩ | ə | ə̬ | ɔ | ɔ̬ | |||||
| Low | a | a̬ | ||||||||
Rumble
The symbols /ᴥ ◌̬ ¿ H/ in the charts above refer to sounds characteristic to icebear physiology. The technical terms vary, but the common names for these sounds collectively are 隆隆 lollong or "rumble" among colonists; the icebear name is zὼlαndᴥuunphat /ˈzɔ̬.la̬n.dᵜu.un.pᴴat/, which translates to "warmer sounds". These sounds could be approximated but not duplicated by the terrestrial colonists; their attempts were labelled "coldspeak" (Mυννᴥιbioι /ˈmu̬n̬.n̬ᵜi̬.bjo.i̬/ or, less charitably, Munnibioi /ˈmun.ni.bjo.i/), and this name was sometimes given to terrestrial language in general.
Icebears have dual vocal apparatuses; the upper corresponds to that known in humans, from mouth to larynx, and the lower comprises a separate set of vocal folds and points of articulation deeper in the icebear throat[check this]. Any sound may thus be voiceless, upper voiced, lower voiced, or double voiced. In Thalassarctian, however, the lower voice alone does not produce distinctive phonemes. The voicing diacritic /◌̬/ is used on a voiced phoneme to indicate the lower voice is also applied.
| voiceless | upper voice | double voice |
|---|---|---|
| k | ɡ | ɡ̌ |
There are conventionally three points of articulation involved in the lower sounds of Thalassarctian: the focaneum, the anticardion, and the diabranch.
- The diabranch is the point of articulation for the voiceless stop symbolized as /¿/. The lower voice itself may be referred to as the diabrancheal rumble.
- The focaneum is the point of articulation for the voiceless fricative /H/, which may also be syllabic. It may also be co-articulated with an upper voiceless stop (symbolized with /ᴴ/).
| [+focanealized] | kᴴ |
|---|---|
| [-focanealized] | k |
- The anticardion is the point of articulation for the phonemes /ᴥ̥ ᴥ ᴥ̬/, which may be voiceless, voiced, or double-voiced when appearing on its own. These sounds are phonemically counted as stops but it is chiefly the POA and voicing that distinguish them—they may be realized as affricates, fricatives, or approximants. Upper stops may be co-articulated with these sounds, then symbolized as /ᵜ/.
| voiceless | single voice | double voice | |
|---|---|---|---|
| [+anticardialization] | kᵜ | ɡᵜ | ɡ̌ᵜ |
| [-anticardialization] | k | ɡ | ɡ̌ |
Orthography
Thalassarctian is transcribed in the Latin alphabet with some additional characters. Natively, the language uses a syllabary.
| Thalassarctian spelling | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | α | à | ὰ | b | bᴥ | β | βᴥ | d | dᴥ | δ | ||||||||
| /a/ | /a̬/ | /ə/ | /ə̬/ | /b/ | /bᵜ/ | /b̬/ | /b̬ᵜ/ | /d/ | /dᵜ/ | /d̬/ | ||||||||
| δᴥ | e | η | f | g | gᴥ | γ | γᴥ | h | i | ι | ||||||||
| /d̬ᵜ/ | /e/ | /e̬/ | /f/ | /ɡ/ | /ɡᵜ/ | /ɡ̌/ | /ɡ̌ᵜ/ | /H/ | /i/, /j/ | /i̬/, /ȷ̌/ | ||||||||
| k | kᴥ | kh | l | λ | m | mᴥ | μ | μᴥ | n | nᴥ | ||||||||
| /k/ | /kᵜ/ | /kᴴ/ | /l/ | /l̬/ | /m/ | /mᵜ/ | /m̬/ | /m̬ᵜ/ | /n/ | /nᵜ/ | ||||||||
| ν | νᴥ | o | ω | ò | ὼ | p | pᴥ | ph | q | s | ||||||||
| /n̬/ | /n̬ᵜ/ | /o/ | /o̬/ | /ɔ/ | /ɔ̬/ | /p/ | /pᵜ/ | /pᴴ/ | /ᴥ̥/ | /s/ | ||||||||
| t | tᴥ | th | u | υ | x | z | ζ | ᴥ | ϙ | ¿ | ||||||||
| /t/ | /tᵜ/ | /tᴴ/ | /u/ | /u̬/ | /x/ | /z/ | /z̬/ | /ᴥ/ | /ᴥ̬/ | /¿/ | ||||||||
