Trentish Phonology: Difference between revisions
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<< [[Trentish]] | |||
===Phonemic Inventory=== | ===Phonemic Inventory=== | ||
====Consonants==== | ====Consonants==== | ||
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====Orthography==== | ====Orthography==== | ||
Orthography is phonemic. | |||
*Labials: ''b'' /p/, ''p'' /pʼ/, ''ph'' /pʰ/, ''pw'' /pʷ/ | |||
*Dentals: ''t'' /tʼ/, ''th'' /tʰ/, ''tw'' /tʷ/ | |||
*Palatals: ''dʼ'' /c/, ''tʼh'' /cʰ/, ''tʼw'' /cʷ/ | |||
*Velars: ''g'' /k/, ''k'' /kʼ/, ''kh'' /kʰ/, ''kw'' /kʷ/ | |||
*Glottal: ''q'' /ʔ/ | |||
*Nasals: ''m'', ''n'', ''ny'' /ɲ/, ''ng'' /ŋ/ | |||
*Laterals: ''l'', ''ƛ'' /tɬ/ | |||
*Fricatives: ''s'', ''sh'' /ʃ/, ''x'' | |||
*Vowels: ''i'', ''ü'' /y/, ''uh'' /ʊ/, ''u'', ''e'', ''ö'' /ø/, ''oh'' /o/, ''r'' /ʌ/, ''o'' /ɔ/, ''a'' /ɑ/ | |||
===Internal [[Sandhi]]=== | ===Internal [[Sandhi]]=== |
Revision as of 16:52, 15 August 2004
<< Trentish
Phonemic Inventory
Consonants
labial | alveolar | palatal | velar | glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
plosive | p pʼ pʰ (pʷ?) | tʼ tʰ tʷ | c cʰ cʷ | k kʼ kʰ kʷ | ʔ |
nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
lateral | l tɬ | ||||
fricative | s ʃ | x |
Vowels
i y | ʊ u |
e ø | o |
ʌ ɔ | |
ɑ |
Orthography
Orthography is phonemic.
- Labials: b /p/, p /pʼ/, ph /pʰ/, pw /pʷ/
- Dentals: t /tʼ/, th /tʰ/, tw /tʷ/
- Palatals: dʼ /c/, tʼh /cʰ/, tʼw /cʷ/
- Velars: g /k/, k /kʼ/, kh /kʰ/, kw /kʷ/
- Glottal: q /ʔ/
- Nasals: m, n, ny /ɲ/, ng /ŋ/
- Laterals: l, ƛ /tɬ/
- Fricatives: s, sh /ʃ/, x
- Vowels: i, ü /y/, uh /ʊ/, u, e, ö /ø/, oh /o/, r /ʌ/, o /ɔ/, a /ɑ/
Internal Sandhi
Word-level
- Trentish words can only end in a vowel or a nasal. Stops and /l/ occurring at the end of a word are nasalized, thus /thɑk/ "wear" becomes [thɑŋ]. /ʔ/ and the other consonants are dropped.
Syllable-level
Syllable-final
- Plain voiceless consonants disappear, lengthening the previous vowel:
- /xlɔʔ/ "washed, clean" → [xlɔɔkʷʌ] "be washed".
- Ejectives and /l/ turn to nasals as at the word level:
- /tʰɔl/ "upon" → [tʰɔŋkʷʌ] "be on top of".
- Labialized consonants reduce to [w]:
- /kitʷ/ COLL → [kiwcʷecʷe] "set of journeys".
- Aspirated consonants fricativize:
- /pʼɑlɑkʰ/ "hate" → [pʼɑlɑxpʼɑlɑŋ] "grudge".
Syllable-initial after a nasal
- Aspirated stops are ejectivized by a preceding original nasal:
- /tʰɑŋ/ "wear" → [xɑntʼɑŋ] "wear that"
- Labialized stops inherit preceding nasality:
- /cʷe/ "go" → [xɑnɲʷe] "go up yonder".
- Plain stops are aspirated by a preceding nasal:
- /pɑ/ TOP → [xɑnpʰɑ] "yonder"
- Ejective stops geminate a preceding nasal:
- /pʼɑlɑŋ/ "hate" → [xɑmmɑlɑŋ] "hate that"
Syllable-inital after /ɲ/
- /ɲl/ > [ɲʎ]
- /ɲx/ > [ɲç]
- /ɲm/ > [ɲmʲ] etc.