Grammaticalization: Difference between revisions

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This page is a list of the grammaticalization pathways to be found in Bernd Heine, Tania Kuteva, ''World lexicon of grammaticalization'', Cambridge University Press (2002).  It is meant as a resource for conlangers looking for inspiration on how to express a given category.   
This page is a list of the grammaticalization pathways to be found in Bernd Heine, Tania Kuteva, ''World lexicon of grammaticalization'', Cambridge University Press (2002).  It is meant as a resource for conlangers looking for inspiration on how to express a given category.   


The list is sorted by target category, with a vaguely semantic sort order, and within that by the groups established by the text near the end of certain entries noting "This process appears to be part of a more general evolution [...]; see also [...]".   
The list is sorted, firstly, to bring together the groups of pathways established by the text near the end of certain entries ("This process appears to be part of a more general evolution [...]; see also [...]".) Some pathways are in more than one group.  As for the pathways not in any group I have attempted to place them near those groups with similar targets.


Gray entries are suggested to be chains of multiple elementary steps: for example the pathway <font color=#888>{{sc|body > reciprocal}}</font> is thought to proceed via {{sc|body > reflexive > reciprocal}}.  Pathways that are restricted to a certain geographic region are marked with the name of that region; doubtful or tentative pathways are queried (?).
Gray entries are suggested to be chains of multiple elementary steps: for example the pathway <font color=#888>{{sc|body > reciprocal}}</font> is thought to proceed via {{sc|body > reflexive > reciprocal}}.   


Heine & Kuteva seem to have a theoretical preconception that there can be no pathways whose reverse is also a pathway: if dative can become genitive then the opposite can never occur.  The present compiler suspects that this is overbroad and may have led them to demote to side remarks certain pathways whose reverses are better attested.  The annotation (vice versa?) indicates this.
Heine & Kuteva seem to have a theoretical preconception that there can be no pathways whose reverse is also a pathway: if dative can become genitive then the opposite can never occur.  I suspect that this is overbroad and may have led them to demote to side remarks certain pathways whose reverses are better attested.  The annotation (vice versa?) indicates this.


* ''process verbs > markers of tense, aspect, and modality'' (we haven't finished)
HERE abl(6)
** <font color=#888>{{sc|get > permissive}}</font>
 
** <font color=#888>{{sc|get > possibility}}</font>
* ''spatial concepts > agents in passive constructions''
** {{sc|locative > agent}}
** {{sc|ablative > agent}}
** <font color=#888>{{sc|comitative > agent}} via {{sc|instrumental}}</font>
** {{sc|hand > agent}}
*
** <font color=#444>{{sc|ablative > partitive}} possibly via {{sc|a-possessive}}</font>
** {{sc|ablative > material}}
* ''spatial concepts > template for standard of comparison''
** {{sc|locative > comparative}}
** {{sc|ablative > comparative}}
** {{sc|up}} (mostly 'on, upon') {{sc|> comparative}}
 
* ''spatial motion > tense (or aspect)''
** {{sc|ablative > near past}}
** {{sc|come to > future}}
** {{sc|go to > future}}
** {{sc|come to > proximative}}
* ''process verbs > tense, aspect, and modality'' (we haven't finished)
** {{sc|come to > future}}
** {{sc|go to > future}}
** {{sc|come to > proximative}}
** <font color=#888>{{sc|get > permissive}} via {{sc|ability}}</font>
** <font color=#888>{{sc|get > possibility}} via {{sc|ability}}</font>
* epistemic modality
** {{sc|deontic modality > epistemic modality}}
** {{sc|ability > possibility}}
** {{sc|obligation > probability}}
* deontic modality
* deontic modality
** {{sc|ability > permissive}}
** {{sc|ability > permissive}}
* epistemic modality
* other modality
** {{sc|ability > possibility}} HERE
 
*
** {{sc|get > ability}}
** {{sc|get > ability}}


** {{sc|}}
** {{sc|}}
** <font color=#888>{{sc|}}</font>
** <font color=#888>{{sc|}} via {{sc|}}</font>

Revision as of 13:26, 4 February 2012

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This page is a list of the grammaticalization pathways to be found in Bernd Heine, Tania Kuteva, World lexicon of grammaticalization, Cambridge University Press (2002). It is meant as a resource for conlangers looking for inspiration on how to express a given category.

The list is sorted, firstly, to bring together the groups of pathways established by the text near the end of certain entries ("This process appears to be part of a more general evolution [...]; see also [...]".) Some pathways are in more than one group. As for the pathways not in any group I have attempted to place them near those groups with similar targets.

Gray entries are suggested to be chains of multiple elementary steps: for example the pathway body > reciprocal is thought to proceed via body > reflexive > reciprocal.

Heine & Kuteva seem to have a theoretical preconception that there can be no pathways whose reverse is also a pathway: if dative can become genitive then the opposite can never occur. I suspect that this is overbroad and may have led them to demote to side remarks certain pathways whose reverses are better attested. The annotation (vice versa?) indicates this.

HERE abl(6)

  • spatial concepts > agents in passive constructions
    • locative > agent
    • ablative > agent
    • comitative > agent via instrumental
    • hand > agent
    • ablative > partitive possibly via a-possessive
    • ablative > material
  • spatial concepts > template for standard of comparison
    • locative > comparative
    • ablative > comparative
    • up (mostly 'on, upon') > comparative
  • spatial motion > tense (or aspect)
    • ablative > near past
    • come to > future
    • go to > future
    • come to > proximative
  • process verbs > tense, aspect, and modality (we haven't finished)
    • come to > future
    • go to > future
    • come to > proximative
    • get > permissive via ability
    • get > possibility via ability
  • epistemic modality
    • deontic modality > epistemic modality
    • ability > possibility
    • obligation > probability
  • deontic modality
    • ability > permissive
  • other modality
    • get > ability
    • via
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