Proto-Uralic/harmony: Difference between revisions

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|-
|-
! -t-
! -t-
| *täktä "bone"<br/>*tetki- "to spread"<br/>*totki "a fish"<br/>*tOkta "duck"<br/>*tuktV "crossbeam"<br/>*tumti- "to feel"<br/>''FiP *tetri'' "grouse" (← IE/onmp?)<br/>''FV *turta'' "stiff"<br/>''WU *tätäj'' "aunt"<br/>''WU *tïïp-ta-'' "to let loose"<br/>''EU *tVnt'' "birch bark"(~ F *tano?) <br/>''EU *tult'' "sorcery"<br/>''EU *tajt-'' "to hide"<br/>''EU *tüɣtə'' "fire"<br/>(''EU *täŋətə'' "quiver")
|style="background:#A0FFA0"| *täktä "bone"<br/>*tetki- "to spread"<br/>*totki "a fish"<br/>*tOkta "duck"<br/>*tuktV "crossbeam"<br/>*tumti- "to feel"<br/>''FiP *tetri'' "grouse" (← IE/onmp?)<br/>''FV *turta'' "stiff"<br/>''WU *tätäj'' "aunt"<br/>''WU *tïïp-ta-'' "to let loose"<br/>''EU *tVnt'' "birch bark"(~ F *tano?) <br/>''EU *tult'' "sorcery"<br/>''EU *tajt-'' "to hide"<br/>''EU *tüɣtə'' "fire"<br/>(''EU *täŋətə'' "quiver")
| ''EU *ɬätɜ-'' "to scoop" (could also be š-)
| ''EU *ɬätɜ-'' "to scoop" (could also be š-)
| *nato "in-law"<br/>*nojta "shaman"<br/>''FiSmy *natta'' "snot"<br/>''SP *neŋti'' "shaft"<br/>''MoP *norta'' "sleigh"
| *nato "in-law"<br/>*nojta "shaman"<br/>''FiSmy *natta'' "snot"<br/>''SP *neŋti'' "shaft"<br/>''MoP *norta'' "sleigh"
| -
| -
|
|style="background:#FFA0A0"|
|
|
| (''FP *ńüki-tä-'' "to pluck")
| (''FP *ńüki-tä-'' "to pluck")
| -
| -
| ''WU *čɜnta'' "price"<br/>''EU *čettä-'' "to become dark"<br/>''EU *čittɜ-'' "to bake, to shine"
|style="background:#FFA0A0"| ''WU *čɜnta'' "price"<br/>''EU *čettä-'' "to become dark"<br/>''EU *čittɜ-'' "to bake, to shine"
| *šertä "ghost" (← Russ/Ir?)<br/>''ECU #šäŋtɜ-'' "cereal"<br/>''FiP #šuntɜ'' "soup"<br/>''MaP *širtɜ'' "yarn"<br/>''WU *šukta'' "a tree"<br/>(''FP *šɜji-ttä-'' "to thro" ← IE)<br/>(''WU *šejta'' "offering place"; ← Gmc)
| *šertä "ghost" (← Russ/Ir?)<br/>''ECU #šäŋtɜ-'' "cereal"<br/>''FiP #šuntɜ'' "soup"<br/>''MaP *širtɜ'' "yarn"<br/>''WU *šukta'' "a tree"<br/>(''FP *šɜji-ttä-'' "to thro" ← IE)<br/>(''WU *šejta'' "offering place"; ← Gmc)
|-
|-
! -s-
! -s-
| ''FiNe *tasa'' "even"<br/>''EUP *dosa'' "vessel"<br/>''KSmy *tɜsɜ'' "birch bark roof"<br/>(''FV *ükt-, kakt-eksä'' "8, 9")
| ''FiNe *tasa'' "even"<br/>''EUP *dosa'' "vessel"<br/>''KSmy *tɜsɜ'' "birch bark roof"<br/>(''FV *ükt-, kakt-eksä'' "8, 9")
| *soski- "to chew"<br/>*sëksi "cembra"<br/>*suksi "ski"<br/>''FP *säsV'' "soft"<br/>''FP *säksä'' "dirty"<br/>''FP *sVsar'' "sister" (← IE)<br/>''EUP *sVs-'' "to become wet"<br/>''FV *sosV'' "porous"<br/>''FV *soksi'' "worm"<br/>''WU *süskä-'' "to push"<br/>''MaK *sVpsVr'' "pole with boughs"
|style="background:#A0FFA0"| *soski- "to chew"<br/>*sëksi "cembra"<br/>*suksi "ski"<br/>''FP *säsV'' "soft"<br/>''FP *säksä'' "dirty"<br/>''FP *sVsar'' "sister" (← IE)<br/>''EUP *sVs-'' "to become wet"<br/>''FV *sosV'' "porous"<br/>''FV *soksi'' "worm"<br/>''WU *süskä-'' "to push"<br/>''MaK *sVpsVr'' "pole with boughs"
| ''FV *neskä-'' "to scrape" (could also be *-š-)<br/>''FV *niis-tä-'' "to sneeze" (cf. IE?!)<br/>''WU *niisi'' "woman"<br/>''WU *nuska-'' "to sneeze ~ to pant"
|style="background:#A0FFA0"| ''FV *neskä-'' "to scrape" (could also be *-š-)<br/>''FV *niis-tä-'' "to sneeze" (cf. IE?!)<br/>''WU *niisi'' "woman"<br/>''WU *nuska-'' "to sneeze ~ to pant"
| -
| -
|
|
|
|style="background:#FFA0A0"|
| ''EU *ńeɣɬə'' "path" (could also be *-š-)
| ''EU *ńeɣɬə'' "path" (could also be *-š-)
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|style="background:#FFA0A0"| -
|-
|-
! -n-
! -n-
| *tonɜ- "to learn"<br/>''FP *tërna'' "hay"<br/>''OUP *deni'' "price"
| *tonɜ- "to learn"<br/>''FP *tërna'' "hay"<br/>''OUP *deni'' "price"
|
|style="background:#A0FFA0"|
| -
|style="background:#A0FFA0"| -
| -
| -
|
|
|
|
| ''FP *ńiini'' "bast"
|style="background:#FFA0A0"| ''FP *ńiini'' "bast"<br/>''FiS *ńVna'' "nose"
| -
| -
| ''FiK *džeenɜ'' "small; short"
| ''FiK *džeenɜ'' "small; short"
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| ''MoP *soða'' "tree bark" (…)
| ''MoP *soða'' "tree bark" (…)
| *nüði "handle"<br/>''FiP *nejði'' "girl" (or -t-?)
| *nüði "handle"<br/>''FiP *nejði'' "girl" (or -t-?)
| *ðäpðä "spleen"
|style="background:#A0FFA0"| *ðäpðä "spleen"
|
|
|
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|-
|-
! -ć-
! -ć-
| -
|style="background:#FFA0A0"| -
|
|
| ''MaNe *noća'' "nettle"<br/>''KH *nAńća'' "hard"<br/>''MaK *nɜćɜ-'' "to knead"
| ''MaNe *noća'' "nettle"<br/>''KH *nAńća'' "hard"<br/>''MaK *nɜćɜ-'' "to knead"
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| *ńë(ŋ)kćim "gills"
| *ńë(ŋ)kćim "gills"
| -
| -
| -
|style="background:#FFA0A0"| -
| -
| -
|-
|-
! -ś-
! -ś-
| -
| -
|
|style="background:#FFA0A0"|
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
|
| ''FP *śäśnä'' "woodpecker"<br/>''MaP *śiśta'' "wax" (Mo *kšta prob unrel.)
|style="background:#A0FFA0"| ''FP *śäśnä'' "woodpecker"<br/>''MaP *śiśta'' "wax" (Mo *kšta prob unrel.)
| *ńukśi "sable", *ńiŋśi "milt"
|style="background:#A0FFA0"| *ńukśi "sable", *ńiŋśi "milt"
| -
| -
| -
| -
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|style="background:#A0FFA0"|
| -
|style="background:#A0FFA0"| -
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|-
|-
! -č-
! -č-
| -
|style="background:#FFA0A0"| -
|
|
| -
| -
| -
| -
|
|style="background:#FFA0A0"|
|
|
| *ńečä "hook"<br/>*ńëčki "raw"<br/>*ńanča "to stretch"<br/>*ńičkä "to tear"<br/>*ńačɜ "grass"<br/>''SP *ńoča'' "slow"<br/>''KSmy *ńɜčɜ'' "moss"<br/>''WU *ńočka'' "bend"  
| *ńečä "hook"<br/>*ńëčki "raw"<br/>*ńanča "to stretch"<br/>*ńičkä "to tear"<br/>*ńačɜ "grass"<br/>''SP *ńoča'' "slow"<br/>''KSmy *ńɜčɜ'' "moss"<br/>''WU *ńočka'' "bend"  
| -
| -
| *čačɜ- "to be born"<br/>*čačɜ- "to go"<br/>*čänčä "tail"<br/>*činčä "small bird"<br/>*čoxči "to sweep"<br/>*čučɜ "pole"<br/>SKh *ča/onči "skin layer"<br/>SKh *ča/onči "netstring"<br/>MoSmy *čančɜ- "to run" (can also be *š-)<br/>SH *čɜčkɜ "falcon; eagle" (~K źuś ?!)<br/>''FP čäčki'' "while"<br/>''FP *čäčki'' "a bird"<br/>''OUP *čëxči'' "duck" (SS śoćo, Er šenži prob ← IE)<br/>''PKh *džɜčɜ'' "crawlspace''
|style="background:#A0FFA0"| *čačɜ- "to be born"<br/>*čačɜ- "to go"<br/>*čänčä "tail"<br/>*činčä "small bird"<br/>*čoxči "to sweep"<br/>*čučɜ "pole"<br/>SKh *ča/onči "skin layer"<br/>SKh *ča/onči "netstring"<br/>MoSmy *čančɜ- "to run" (can also be *š-)<br/>SH *čɜčkɜ "falcon; eagle" (~K źuś ?!)<br/>''FP čäčki'' "while"<br/>''FP *čäčki'' "a bird"<br/>''OUP *čëxči'' "duck" (SS śoćo, Er šenži prob ← IE)<br/>''PKh *džɜčɜ'' "crawlspace''
| ''WU *šakči'' "vessel" (can also be *č-)
| ''WU *šakči'' "vessel" (can also be *č-)
|-
|-
! -š-
! -š-
| ''FP *taškɜ'' "back of knife"<br/>''FP *teškä'' "bush; beard"<br/>''FV *tošti-'' "to dare"<br/>''MaU *tušɜ-'' "to perceive"<br/>''WU *täštä'' "star"
| ''FP *taškɜ'' "back of knife"<br/>''FP *teškä'' "bush; beard"<br/>''FV *tošti-'' "to dare"<br/>''MaU *tušɜ-'' "to perceive"<br/>''WU *täštä'' "star"
|
|style="background:#FFA0A0"|
| *nuša- "to scrape"<br/>''FV *nüšɜ'' "blunt"<br/>''FP *nušja'' "hammer"
| *nuša- "to scrape"<br/>''FV *nüšɜ'' "blunt"<br/>''FP *nušja'' "hammer"
| -
| -
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| -
| -
| ''FP *čôši'' "barley"
| ''FP *čôši'' "barley"
| *šäškä "otter"<br/>''FV *šišna'' "belt"<br/>''WU *šukštɜ-'' "to wash"<br/>''WU *šUšma'' "ice cover"
|style="background:#A0FFA0"| *šäškä "otter"<br/>''FV *šišna'' "belt"<br/>''WU *šukštɜ-'' "to wash"<br/>''WU *šUšma'' "ice cover"
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 11:56, 16 December 2011

Co-occurrence of coronals in roots.

Might have to add *l, in case *ð´ is actually [lʲ]; at any rate, *r is neutral.

Possible sub-PU distributions:

  • WU = West Uralic (F+S+Mo)
  • FV = Finno-Volgaic (WU+Ma)
  • FP = Finno-Permic (WU+P / FV+P)
  • ECU = East-Central Uralic (Ma+P+EU)
  • EU = East Uralic (H+Ms+Kh+Smy)

2-combos not listed indicated per components. (Finnic marked as "Fi" if disambiguation is needed.)

                t-                                 s-                                 n-                             ð-                             ć-                                 ś-                                 ń-                   ð´-                   č-                                 š-                
-t- *täktä "bone"
*tetki- "to spread"
*totki "a fish"
*tOkta "duck"
*tuktV "crossbeam"
*tumti- "to feel"
FiP *tetri "grouse" (← IE/onmp?)
FV *turta "stiff"
WU *tätäj "aunt"
WU *tïïp-ta- "to let loose"
EU *tVnt "birch bark"(~ F *tano?)
EU *tult "sorcery"
EU *tajt- "to hide"
EU *tüɣtə "fire"
(EU *täŋətə "quiver") 		EU *ɬätɜ- "to scoop" (could also be š-) *nato "in-law"
*nojta "shaman"
FiSmy *natta "snot"
SP *neŋti "shaft"
MoP *norta "sleigh" 		- (FP *ńüki-tä- "to pluck") - WU *čɜnta "price"
EU *čettä- "to become dark"
EU *čittɜ- "to bake, to shine" 		*šertä "ghost" (← Russ/Ir?)
ECU #šäŋtɜ- "cereal"
FiP #šuntɜ "soup"
MaP *širtɜ "yarn"
WU *šukta "a tree"
(FP *šɜji-ttä- "to thro" ← IE)
(WU *šejta "offering place"; ← Gmc)
-s- FiNe *tasa "even"
EUP *dosa "vessel"
KSmy *tɜsɜ "birch bark roof"
(FV *ükt-, kakt-eksä "8, 9") 		*soski- "to chew"
*sëksi "cembra"
*suksi "ski"
FP *säsV "soft"
FP *säksä "dirty"
FP *sVsar "sister" (← IE)
EUP *sVs- "to become wet"
FV *sosV "porous"
FV *soksi "worm"
WU *süskä- "to push"
MaK *sVpsVr "pole with boughs" 		FV *neskä- "to scrape" (could also be *-š-)
FV *niis-tä- "to sneeze" (cf. IE?!)
WU *niisi "woman"
WU *nuska- "to sneeze ~ to pant" 		- EU *ńeɣɬə "path" (could also be *-š-) - - -
-n- *tonɜ- "to learn"
FP *tërna "hay"
OUP *deni "price" 		- - FP *ńiini "bast"
FiS *ńVna "nose" 		- FiK *džeenɜ "small; short" (FiP *šooni "room; warm"; or F ← B.)
-ð- *täwði "full" MoP *soða "tree bark" (…) *nüði "handle"
FiP *nejði "girl" (or -t-?) 		*ðäpðä "spleen" WU *ńüðä- "to tie" (could also be -ð´-)
(*ńoxi-ða- "to follo"?) 		- - WU *šoođi- "to flo out" (could also be -ð´-)
-ć- - MaNe *noća "nettle"
KH *nAńća "hard"
MaK *nɜćɜ- "to knead" 		- *ńë(ŋ)kćim "gills" - - -
-ś- - - - FP *śäśnä "woodpecker"
MaP *śiśta "wax" (Mo *kšta prob unrel.) 		*ńukśi "sable", *ńiŋśi "milt" - - -
-ń- - - - - - - -
-ð´- *tuð´ka "tip" PMs *näð´(k)ɜ "trap" (~ Fi nalkki?!) - - - - MaK *šoð´ɜ "lungs; gills"
-č- - - - *ńečä "hook"
*ńëčki "raw"
*ńanča "to stretch"
*ńičkä "to tear"
*ńačɜ "grass"
SP *ńoča "slow"
KSmy *ńɜčɜ "moss"
WU *ńočka "bend" 		- *čačɜ- "to be born"
*čačɜ- "to go"
*čänčä "tail"
*činčä "small bird"
*čoxči "to sweep"
*čučɜ "pole"
SKh *ča/onči "skin layer"
SKh *ča/onči "netstring"
MoSmy *čančɜ- "to run" (can also be *š-)
SH *čɜčkɜ "falcon; eagle" (~K źuś ?!)
FP čäčki "while"
FP *čäčki "a bird"
OUP *čëxči "duck" (SS śoćo, Er šenži prob ← IE)
PKh *džɜčɜ "crawlspace 		WU *šakči "vessel" (can also be *č-)
-š- FP *taškɜ "back of knife"
FP *teškä "bush; beard"
FV *tošti- "to dare"
MaU *tušɜ- "to perceive"
WU *täštä "star" 		*nuša- "to scrape"
FV *nüšɜ "blunt"
FP *nušja "hammer" 		- - - FP *čôši "barley" *šäškä "otter"
FV *šišna "belt"
WU *šukštɜ- "to wash"
WU *šUšma "ice cover"
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