Proto-Uralic/harmony: Difference between revisions
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ! | ! | ||
! t- | |||
! s- | |||
! n- | |||
! ð- | |||
! ć- | |||
! ś- | |||
! ń- | |||
! ð´- | |||
! č- | |||
! š- | |||
|- | |- | ||
! -t- | ! -t- | ||
| *täktä "bone"<br/>*tetki- "to spread"<br/>*totki "a fish"<br/>*tOkta "duck"<br/>*tuktV "crossbeam"<br/>*tumti- "to feel"<br/>''FiP *tetri'' "grouse" (← IE/onmp?)<br/>''FV *turta'' "stiff"<br/>''WU *tätäj'' "aunt"<br/>''WU *tïïp-ta-'' "to let loose"<br/>''EU *tVnt'' "birch bark"(~ F *tano?) <br/>''EU *tult'' "sorcery"<br/>''EU *tajt-'' "to hide"<br/>''EU *tüɣtə'' "fire"<br/>(''EU *täŋətə'' "quiver") | |style="background:#A0FFA0"| *täktä "bone"<br/>*tetki- "to spread"<br/>*totki "a fish"<br/>*tOkta "duck"<br/>*tuktV "crossbeam"<br/>*tumti- "to feel"<br/>''FiP *tetri'' "grouse" (← IE/onmp?)<br/>''FV *turta'' "stiff"<br/>''WU *tätäj'' "aunt"<br/>''WU *tïïp-ta-'' "to let loose"<br/>''EU *tVnt'' "birch bark"(~ F *tano?) <br/>''EU *tult'' "sorcery"<br/>''EU *tajt-'' "to hide"<br/>''EU *tüɣtə'' "fire"<br/>(''EU *täŋətə'' "quiver") | ||
| | | ''EU *ɬätɜ-'' "to scoop" (could also be š-) | ||
| *nato "in-law"<br/>*nojta "shaman"<br/>''FiSmy *natta'' "snot"<br/>''SP *neŋti'' "shaft"<br/>''MoP *norta'' "sleigh" | | *nato "in-law"<br/>*nojta "shaman"<br/>''FiSmy *natta'' "snot"<br/>''SP *neŋti'' "shaft"<br/>''MoP *norta'' "sleigh" | ||
| - | | - | ||
| | |style="background:#FFA0A0"| | ||
| | | | ||
| (''FP *ńüki-tä-'' "to pluck") | | (''FP *ńüki-tä-'' "to pluck") | ||
| - | | - | ||
|style="background:#FFA0A0"| ''WU *čɜnta'' "price"<br/>''EU *čettä-'' "to become dark"<br/>''EU *čittɜ-'' "to bake, to shine" | |||
| *šertä "ghost" (← Russ/Ir?)<br/>''ECU #šäŋtɜ-'' "cereal"<br/>''FiP #šuntɜ'' "soup"<br/>''MaP *širtɜ'' "yarn"<br/>''WU *šukta'' "a tree"<br/>(''FP *šɜji-ttä-'' "to thro" ← IE)<br/>(''WU *šejta'' "offering place"; ← Gmc) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! -s- | ! -s- | ||
| ''FiNe *tasa'' "even"<br/>''EUP *dosa'' "vessel"<br/>''KSmy *tɜsɜ'' "birch bark roof"<br/>(''FV *ükt-, kakt-eksä'' "8, 9") | | ''FiNe *tasa'' "even"<br/>''EUP *dosa'' "vessel"<br/>''KSmy *tɜsɜ'' "birch bark roof"<br/>(''FV *ükt-, kakt-eksä'' "8, 9") | ||
| *soski- "to chew"<br/>*sëksi "cembra"<br/>*suksi "ski"<br/>''FP *säsV'' "soft"<br/>''FP *säksä'' "dirty"<br/>''FP *sVsar'' "sister" (← IE)<br/>''EUP *sVs-'' "to become wet"<br/>''FV *sosV'' "porous"<br/>''FV *soksi'' "worm"<br/>''WU *süskä-'' "to push"<br/>''MaK *sVpsVr'' "pole with boughs" | |style="background:#A0FFA0"| *soski- "to chew"<br/>*sëksi "cembra"<br/>*suksi "ski"<br/>''FP *säsV'' "soft"<br/>''FP *säksä'' "dirty"<br/>''FP *sVsar'' "sister" (← IE)<br/>''EUP *sVs-'' "to become wet"<br/>''FV *sosV'' "porous"<br/>''FV *soksi'' "worm"<br/>''WU *süskä-'' "to push"<br/>''MaK *sVpsVr'' "pole with boughs" | ||
| ''FV *neskä-'' "to scrape" (could also be *-š-)<br/>''FV *niis-tä-'' "to sneeze" (cf. IE?!)<br/>''WU *niisi'' "woman"<br/>''WU *nuska-'' "to sneeze ~ to pant" | |style="background:#A0FFA0"| ''FV *neskä-'' "to scrape" (could also be *-š-)<br/>''FV *niis-tä-'' "to sneeze" (cf. IE?!)<br/>''WU *niisi'' "woman"<br/>''WU *nuska-'' "to sneeze ~ to pant" | ||
| - | | - | ||
| | | | ||
| | |style="background:#FFA0A0"| | ||
| ''EU *ńeɣɬə'' "path" (could also be *-š-) | | ''EU *ńeɣɬə'' "path" (could also be *-š-) | ||
| - | | - | ||
| - | |||
|style="background:#FFA0A0"| - | |||
|- | |- | ||
! -n- | ! -n- | ||
| *tonɜ- "to learn"<br/>''FP *tërna'' "hay"<br/>''OUP *deni'' "price" | | *tonɜ- "to learn"<br/>''FP *tërna'' "hay"<br/>''OUP *deni'' "price" | ||
| | |style="background:#A0FFA0"| | ||
| - | |style="background:#A0FFA0"| - | ||
| - | | - | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| ''FP *ńiini'' "bast" | |style="background:#FFA0A0"| ''FP *ńiini'' "bast"<br/>''FiS *ńVna'' "nose" | ||
| - | | - | ||
| ''FiK *džeenɜ'' "small; short" | |||
| (''FiP *šooni'' "room; warm"; or F ← B.) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! -ð- | ! -ð- | ||
| Line 49: | Line 65: | ||
| ''MoP *soða'' "tree bark" (…) | | ''MoP *soða'' "tree bark" (…) | ||
| *nüði "handle"<br/>''FiP *nejði'' "girl" (or -t-?) | | *nüði "handle"<br/>''FiP *nejði'' "girl" (or -t-?) | ||
| *ðäpðä "spleen" | |style="background:#A0FFA0"| *ðäpðä "spleen" | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| ''WU *ńüðä-'' "to tie" (could also be -ð´-)<br/>(*ńoxi-ða- "to follo"?) | | ''WU *ńüðä-'' "to tie" (could also be -ð´-)<br/>(*ńoxi-ða- "to follo"?) | ||
| - | | - | ||
| - | |||
| ''WU *šoođi-'' "to flo out" (could also be -ð´-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! -ć- | ! -ć- | ||
| - | |style="background:#FFA0A0"| - | ||
| | | | ||
| ''MaNe *noća'' "nettle"<br/>''KH *nAńća'' "hard"<br/>''MaK *nɜćɜ-'' "to knead" | | ''MaNe *noća'' "nettle"<br/>''KH *nAńća'' "hard"<br/>''MaK *nɜćɜ-'' "to knead" | ||
| Line 63: | Line 81: | ||
| | | | ||
| *ńë(ŋ)kćim "gills" | | *ńë(ŋ)kćim "gills" | ||
| - | |||
|style="background:#FFA0A0"| - | |||
| - | | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
! -ś- | ! -ś- | ||
| - | |||
|style="background:#FFA0A0"| | |||
| - | |||
| - | | - | ||
| | | | ||
|style="background:#A0FFA0"| ''FP *śäśnä'' "woodpecker"<br/>''MaP *śiśta'' "wax" (Mo *kšta prob unrel.) | |||
|style="background:#A0FFA0"| *ńukśi "sable", *ńiŋśi "milt" | |||
| - | | - | ||
| - | | - | ||
| - | | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 81: | Line 103: | ||
| - | | - | ||
| | | | ||
| | |style="background:#A0FFA0"| | ||
|style="background:#A0FFA0"| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | | - | ||
| - | | - | ||
| Line 94: | Line 118: | ||
| - | | - | ||
| - | | - | ||
| - | |||
| ''MaK *šoð´ɜ'' "lungs; gills" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! -č- | ! -č- | ||
| - | |style="background:#FFA0A0"| - | ||
| | | | ||
| - | | - | ||
| - | | - | ||
| | |style="background:#FFA0A0"| | ||
| | | | ||
| *ńečä "hook"<br/>*ńëčki "raw"<br/>*ńanča "to stretch"<br/>*ńičkä "to tear"<br/>*ńačɜ "grass"<br/>''SP *ńoča'' "slow"<br/>''KSmy *ńɜčɜ'' "moss"<br/>''WU *ńočka'' "bend" | | *ńečä "hook"<br/>*ńëčki "raw"<br/>*ńanča "to stretch"<br/>*ńičkä "to tear"<br/>*ńačɜ "grass"<br/>''SP *ńoča'' "slow"<br/>''KSmy *ńɜčɜ'' "moss"<br/>''WU *ńočka'' "bend" | ||
| - | | - | ||
|style="background:#A0FFA0"| *čačɜ- "to be born"<br/>*čačɜ- "to go"<br/>*čänčä "tail"<br/>*činčä "small bird"<br/>*čoxči "to sweep"<br/>*čučɜ "pole"<br/>SKh *ča/onči "skin layer"<br/>SKh *ča/onči "netstring"<br/>MoSmy *čančɜ- "to run" (can also be *š-)<br/>SH *čɜčkɜ "falcon; eagle" (~K źuś ?!)<br/>''FP čäčki'' "while"<br/>''FP *čäčki'' "a bird"<br/>''OUP *čëxči'' "duck" (SS śoćo, Er šenži prob ← IE)<br/>''PKh *džɜčɜ'' "crawlspace'' | |||
| ''WU *šakči'' "vessel" (can also be *č-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! -š- | ! -š- | ||
| ''FP *taškɜ'' "back of knife"<br/>''FP *teškä'' "bush; beard"<br/>''FV *tošti-'' "to dare"<br/>''MaU *tušɜ-'' "to perceive"<br/>''WU *täštä'' "star" | | ''FP *taškɜ'' "back of knife"<br/>''FP *teškä'' "bush; beard"<br/>''FV *tošti-'' "to dare"<br/>''MaU *tušɜ-'' "to perceive"<br/>''WU *täštä'' "star" | ||
| | |style="background:#FFA0A0"| | ||
| *nuša- "to scrape"<br/>''FV *nüšɜ'' "blunt"<br/>''FP *nušja'' "hammer" | | *nuša- "to scrape"<br/>''FV *nüšɜ'' "blunt"<br/>''FP *nušja'' "hammer" | ||
| - | | - | ||
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| - | | - | ||
| - | | - | ||
| ''FP *čôši'' "barley" | |||
|style="background:#A0FFA0"| *šäškä "otter"<br/>''FV *šišna'' "belt"<br/>''WU *šukštɜ-'' "to wash"<br/>''WU *šUšma'' "ice cover" | |||
|} | |} | ||
Latest revision as of 11:56, 16 December 2011
Co-occurrence of coronals in roots.
Might have to add *l, in case *ð´ is actually [lʲ]; at any rate, *r is neutral.
Possible sub-PU distributions:
- WU = West Uralic (F+S+Mo)
- FV = Finno-Volgaic (WU+Ma)
- FP = Finno-Permic (WU+P / FV+P)
- ECU = East-Central Uralic (Ma+P+EU)
- EU = East Uralic (H+Ms+Kh+Smy)
2-combos not listed indicated per components. (Finnic marked as "Fi" if disambiguation is needed.)
| t- | s- | n- | ð- | ć- | ś- | ń- | ð´- | č- | š- | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -t- | *täktä "bone" *tetki- "to spread" *totki "a fish" *tOkta "duck" *tuktV "crossbeam" *tumti- "to feel" FiP *tetri "grouse" (← IE/onmp?) FV *turta "stiff" WU *tätäj "aunt" WU *tïïp-ta- "to let loose" EU *tVnt "birch bark"(~ F *tano?) EU *tult "sorcery" EU *tajt- "to hide" EU *tüɣtə "fire" (EU *täŋətə "quiver") |
EU *ɬätɜ- "to scoop" (could also be š-) | *nato "in-law" *nojta "shaman" FiSmy *natta "snot" SP *neŋti "shaft" MoP *norta "sleigh" |
- | (FP *ńüki-tä- "to pluck") | - | WU *čɜnta "price" EU *čettä- "to become dark" EU *čittɜ- "to bake, to shine" |
*šertä "ghost" (← Russ/Ir?) ECU #šäŋtɜ- "cereal" FiP #šuntɜ "soup" MaP *širtɜ "yarn" WU *šukta "a tree" (FP *šɜji-ttä- "to thro" ← IE) (WU *šejta "offering place"; ← Gmc) | ||
| -s- | FiNe *tasa "even" EUP *dosa "vessel" KSmy *tɜsɜ "birch bark roof" (FV *ükt-, kakt-eksä "8, 9") |
*soski- "to chew" *sëksi "cembra" *suksi "ski" FP *säsV "soft" FP *säksä "dirty" FP *sVsar "sister" (← IE) EUP *sVs- "to become wet" FV *sosV "porous" FV *soksi "worm" WU *süskä- "to push" MaK *sVpsVr "pole with boughs" |
FV *neskä- "to scrape" (could also be *-š-) FV *niis-tä- "to sneeze" (cf. IE?!) WU *niisi "woman" WU *nuska- "to sneeze ~ to pant" |
- | EU *ńeɣɬə "path" (could also be *-š-) | - | - | - | ||
| -n- | *tonɜ- "to learn" FP *tërna "hay" OUP *deni "price" |
- | - | FP *ńiini "bast" FiS *ńVna "nose" |
- | FiK *džeenɜ "small; short" | (FiP *šooni "room; warm"; or F ← B.) | |||
| -ð- | *täwði "full" | MoP *soða "tree bark" (…) | *nüði "handle" FiP *nejði "girl" (or -t-?) |
*ðäpðä "spleen" | WU *ńüðä- "to tie" (could also be -ð´-) (*ńoxi-ða- "to follo"?) |
- | - | WU *šoođi- "to flo out" (could also be -ð´-) | ||
| -ć- | - | MaNe *noća "nettle" KH *nAńća "hard" MaK *nɜćɜ- "to knead" |
- | *ńë(ŋ)kćim "gills" | - | - | - | |||
| -ś- | - | - | - | FP *śäśnä "woodpecker" MaP *śiśta "wax" (Mo *kšta prob unrel.) |
*ńukśi "sable", *ńiŋśi "milt" | - | - | - | ||
| -ń- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
| -ð´- | *tuð´ka "tip" | PMs *näð´(k)ɜ "trap" (~ Fi nalkki?!) | - | - | - | - | MaK *šoð´ɜ "lungs; gills" | |||
| -č- | - | - | - | *ńečä "hook" *ńëčki "raw" *ńanča "to stretch" *ńičkä "to tear" *ńačɜ "grass" SP *ńoča "slow" KSmy *ńɜčɜ "moss" WU *ńočka "bend" |
- | *čačɜ- "to be born" *čačɜ- "to go" *čänčä "tail" *činčä "small bird" *čoxči "to sweep" *čučɜ "pole" SKh *ča/onči "skin layer" SKh *ča/onči "netstring" MoSmy *čančɜ- "to run" (can also be *š-) SH *čɜčkɜ "falcon; eagle" (~K źuś ?!) FP čäčki "while" FP *čäčki "a bird" OUP *čëxči "duck" (SS śoćo, Er šenži prob ← IE) PKh *džɜčɜ "crawlspace |
WU *šakči "vessel" (can also be *č-) | |||
| -š- | FP *taškɜ "back of knife" FP *teškä "bush; beard" FV *tošti- "to dare" MaU *tušɜ- "to perceive" WU *täštä "star" |
*nuša- "to scrape" FV *nüšɜ "blunt" FP *nušja "hammer" |
- | - | - | FP *čôši "barley" | *šäškä "otter" FV *šišna "belt" WU *šukštɜ- "to wash" WU *šUšma "ice cover" |
